Induction of eosinophilic granules,nonspecific esterase activity and CD14 expression in the human eosinophilic leukemia cell line,EoL-1

We examined the expression of eosinophilic granules, esterase activity and CD14 in a human eosinophilic cell line, EoL-1. Unstimulated EoL-1 cells were weakly positive for nonspecific esterase, but negative for surface CD14, and contained a few eosinophilic granule-positive cells. A combination of G-CSF and TNF-α increased the eosinophilic granule-containing cells, but failed to increase esterase activity or CD14 expression. IFN-γ alone or in combination with TNF-α enhanced nonspecific esterase activity but failed to induce CD14 expression or increase eosinophilic granule-containing cells. dbcAMP increased eosinophilic granule-containing cells, nonspecific esterase activity and CD14 expression. Specific esterase activity was not detected in any circumstances. EoL-1 cells fractionated by density gradients or CD14 expression showed nonspecific esterase activity and CD14 expression in both the eosinophilic granule-positive and negative cell populations. Forskolin and butyrate had a synergistic effect on CD14 induction and protein kinase A was suggested to play a role in dbcAMP-induced CD14 expression. A protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, did not increase eosinophilic granules, nonspecific esterase activity or CD14 experession in EoL-1 cells. The results show that EoL-1 cells can express nonspecific esterase and CD14, but the expression is not necessarily restricted to cells which have differentiated into the monocyte/macrophage lineage.     

Influence of nonspecific reaction on determination of H2O2 using Trinder reagents

BACKGROUND: We examined two enzymatic reagents for cholesterol measurement that contained cholesterol oxidase. One of the reagents gave higher values by up to 11 mg/dl in samples of 109 out of 3119 patients examined. We found that the positive errors were caused by a nonspecific reaction that has not previously been recognized in the determination of H(2)O(2) using Trinder reagents, and we further discovered its mechanism. METHODS: We compared the total cholesterol concentration in 3119 patients between the 2 reagents. By examining the characteristics of the interferrent-susceptible reagent and affected patients' samples, we identified the cause and mechanism of the influence of the nonspecific reaction. RESULTS: The existence of potassium ferrocyanide in the reagent gave rise to positive errors when the concentration of unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) in the patients' sample was <70 microg/dl. Moreover, ceruloplasmin in the patients' sample was found to cause a nonspecific reaction and its influence was proportional to the serum copper concentration. The two types of reagents compared in the present study included buffers with different metal chelating capacities; the one with the lower capacity gave an erroneous measurement. The buffer in the reagent without influence had been acting as a chelating agent. Therefore, the influence of the interferrent-susceptible reagent could be prevented by addition of a chelating agent (e.g. EDTA). CONCLUSIONS: Trinder reagents containing potassium ferrocyanide have been widely used for clinical diagnostic tests such as creatinine, uric acid and so on. These reagents would have similar problems. Some test items might have a greater influence than cholesterol reagent. Physicians should be aware of the risks of diagnostic mistakes due to these errors of measurement.     

Respiratory allergy and pulmonary irritation to trimellitic anhydride in Brown Norway rats

Occupational exposure to low-molecular-weight (LMW) allergens such as acid anhydrides can result in occupational asthma, an allergic disease characterized by episodic airway obstruction, airways inflammation, and non specific airways hyperresponsiveness. Since LMW irritants can provoke rather similar effects and since most, if not all, LMW allergens have irritant properties, this study addressed the distinction between allergenic and irritant effects of the respiratory allergen trimellitic anhydride (TMA). BN rats were sensitized by dermal application of TMA or vehicle alone and 3 weeks later were challenged by inhalation of a slightly irritating concentration of TMA or the vehicle. Lung function was measured before, during, and shortly after challenge. One day after challenge, in vivo and in vitro nonspecific airways hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was measured, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to measure total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and total and differential leukocyte numbers in the fluid. In addition, IgE measurements and histopathological examinations of the respiratory tract were carried out. TMA challenge of sensitized, but not sham-sensitized, BN rats reduced breathing frequency during challenge, elevated total and TMA-specific serum IgE levels, and caused a typical allergic asthma-associated airway pathology, as observed earlier. Vehicle challenge did not cause these effects, irrespective of sensitization. Hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was only seen in TMA-sensitized and -challenged rats. These rats also showed increased levels of the biochemical parameters and increased numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils in the lung lavage fluid; TMA challenge of sham-sensitized rats caused similar but markedly less pronounced effects. During TMA challenge of sham-sensitized rats, a breathing pattern typical of irritation was noticed but a clearly distinct pattern was seen upon TMA challenge of sensitized rats. In conclusion, TMA challenge of sensitized rats caused sensitization-dependent asthma-like early changes in breathing pattern that clearly could be distinguished from irritant-induced changes and non-specific airways hyperresponsiveness 24 h after challenge. Sensitization-dependent functional changes were accompanied by inflammatory changes characteristic of asthma and biochemical evidence of airway damage.     

记忆性B细胞多克隆激活模式与激发抗原种属特异性

目的 :观察记忆性B细胞非特异性多克隆激活的规律性。方法 :首先用定量的卵清、牛乳、牡蛎提取液 ,分别简称A、B、C抗原 ,对家兔分别做基础免疫 ,再分别用A、B、C三种抗原对家兔做交叉免疫 ;采用酶联免疫方法定量检测各组交叉免疫前后的基础抗体的变化。结果 :采用与基础免疫不同的抗原交叉免疫家兔的各组 ,其基础抗体均有 10 %～ 2 5 %的提高 ,较对照组有显著差异 (P <0.0 5 ) ,其中A、C抗原对基础抗体C、A的非特异性激发的相对水平均大于 2 0 % ,对基础抗体B的激发相对水平都低于 15 % ,B抗原对基础抗体C、A的非特异性激发的相对水平亦均低于 15 %。结论 :记忆性B细胞的非特异性多克隆激活与激发抗原的种属有关     

人胎肝细胞对BALB/c小鼠免疫系统及其功能的影响

为了解人胎肝细胞 (FL C)对受体免疫系统及其功能的影响 ,作者采用 BAL B/ c小鼠进行了 FL C腹腔注射实验研究。实验分为空白对照和 FL C高、中、低剂量 (1 2 5× 1 0 5 ,2 5× 1 0 5 ,5× 1 0 5 胎肝细胞 /日 )组。结果显示 :FL C可增加小鼠胸腺脏器系数、外周血 T淋巴细胞数和淋巴细胞总数、脾细胞总数、抗体生成细胞数、淋巴细胞转化百分率和刺激指数 ,以及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬作用 ,还可以影响 NK细胞活性。上述结果提示 ,人 FL C可增强小鼠非特异性免疫、体液免疫和细胞免疫功能 ,但对小鼠脾脏脏器系数无明显影响 ,也未见引起迟发型变态反应     

Lever pressing and passive avoidance conditioning in cats with lesions of nonspecific thalamic nuclei

It is generally accepted that motor conditioned responses (MCR) result from the activity of all systems: afferent, integrating and storage, as well as efferent. Based on the postulation that some of the nonspecific thalamic nuclei are part of the afferent system, we trained cats to press a lever (MCR) in 2 situations. In one, signalled by illumination of a small circular disc, each lever press was reinforced by 0.5 ml of milk. In the other (light off) the response was not reinforced (suppression of MCR). Electrolytic lesions were made in centralis medialis and medialis dorsalis nuclei and after 24 hr the response was tested daily for at least 21 sessions. We observed that the largest lesions abolished the responses for 4 days, but the animals recovered afterwards. Furthermore, once the animals had recovered, the rate of lever pressing increased during the suppression situation. The difference between the slopes of the graphs relating lever pressing rate and session for the lesioned animals of Group 2 (lesions in centralis medialis, medialis dorsalis, centralis centralis and paraventricularis nuclei) and those for the sham-operated animals was at the 0.08 level, while for Group 3 (lesions mainly in central medialis) it was at the 0.05 level. All the cats acquired a one trial passive avoidance conditioning. Hence, the necessary information for the maintenance of MCR courses through other structures; however, the increase in lever pressing rate in SMCR seems to indicate the existence of an inhibitory function in these lesioned nuclei, mainly in centralis medialis.     

大鼠脑缺血区非特异性酯酶阳性细胞的分布和定量研究

目的　探查非特异性酯酶阳性细胞的变化和与脑缺血的病理联系。　方法　用酶组织化学方法对４０只ＳＤ大鼠脑局部缺血／再灌流损伤区非特异性酯酶阳性细胞的分布和数量进行了观查。　结果　脑缺血区非特异性酯酶阳性细胞的数量增加发生于脑缺血１ｈ 再灌流２ｈ,随后逐渐增加,在脑缺血１ｈ 再灌流１６ｈ 达到高峰。阳性细胞的增加显示明显的时间依赖关系。阳性细胞主要位于小血管和微血管的壁内及其周围。在缺血侧基底节区非特异性酯酶阳性细胞比皮质缺血区多。　结论　非特异性酯酶阳性细胞对脑缺血刺激反应敏感,在缺血侧基底节区,其反应更为强烈,此因素可能是基底节区易发生中风的原因之一。     

乙型肝炎特殊血清学表现模式的探讨

目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）特殊血清学表现模式。方法 A试剂检测到的乙肝特殊模式标本用B、C两种试剂重检；对HBeAg阳性、HBsAg阴性标本用倍比稀释和二步法重做HBsAg；以聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测乙肝特殊模式的HBV DNA。结果 A试剂检测到的乙肝特殊模式10种，145例；分为“12”同时阳性和“3”阳性、“1”阴性两个模式组；用B、C两种试剂复检的结果同A试剂相比存在较大差异；用倍比稀释和二步法检测“35”模式的HBsAg，阳性率分别提高到75．0％和80．0％，与其HBV DNA的阳性率（74．0％）相一致。结论 不同厂家试剂对乙肝特殊血清学模式的检测结果存在差异。“35”模式标本一步法试剂检测HBsAg漏检率高，用倍比稀释或二步法重检可提高HBsAg的阳性率，应结合HBV DNA的检测结果作出综合判断。     

Prophylactic theophylline to prevent renal dysfunction in newborns exposed to perinatal asphyxia—a study in a developing country

Renal damage frequently complicates perinatal asphyxia. Renal vasoconstriction due to adenosine metabolite leads to a fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and filtration fraction. This might be inhibited by the nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist, theophylline. This study was designed to determine whether theophylline could prevent and/or ameliorate renal dysfunction in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. We randomized 40 severely asphyxiated term infants to receive intravenously a single dose of either theophylline (5 mg/kg; study group: n=20) or placebo (control group: n=20) during the first hour of life. Fluid intake, urine output, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, GFR, urinary 2 microglobulin (2 M) and sodium excretion were recorded during the first 5 days of life. The two groups were comparable. No significant difference was reported regarding mechanical ventilatory support, respiratory complications and seizures. Severe renal dysfunction was significantly higher in the control group. Serum creatinine values were less, and creatinine clearance and GFR were significantly higher in the theophylline group from the second day onwards. 2 M excretion was significantly less in the theophylline group, while sodium excretion and hematuria showed no significant difference. Prophylactic theophylline treatment, given early after birth, has beneficial effects in reducing the renal involvement in asphyxiated full-term infants, with no significant changes in central nervous system involvement.