降钙素原在诊断儿科中枢感染性疾病中的价值

目的探讨儿科中枢感染性疾病中降钙素原水平的变化及其临床应用价值.方法采用双抗体夹心免疫发光测量法,对58例中枢感染患儿进行血降钙素原(PCT)检测.并将其与C反应蛋白(CRP)进行比较.结果化脓性脑膜炎患儿急性期PCT、CRP显著升高,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).而病毒性脑炎整个病程中PCT、CRP水平升高不明显.化脓性脑膜炎组治疗前后PCT、CRP比较有显著性差异.(P＜0.01).结论PCT可以作为区别化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎的一项重要指标,对儿科中枢感染性疾病的诊治及预后监测具有重要意义.     

Current Advances in the Regeneration of Degenerated Articular Cartilage: A Literature Review on Tissue Engineering and Its Recent Clinical Translation

Functional ability is the basis of healthy aging. Articular cartilage degeneration is amongst the most prevalent degenerative conditions that cause adverse impacts on the quality of life; moreover, it represents a key predisposing factor to osteoarthritis (OA). Both the poor capacity of articular cartilage for self-repair and the unsatisfactory outcomes of available clinical interventions make innovative tissue engineering a promising therapeutic strategy for articular cartilage repair. Significant progress was made in this field; however, a marked heterogeneity in the applied biomaterials, biofabrication, and assessments is nowadays evident by the huge number of research studies published to date. Accordingly, this literature review assimilates the most recent advances in cell-based and cell-free tissue engineering of articular cartilage and also focuses on the assessments performed via various in vitro studies, ex vivo models, preclinical in vivo animal models, and clinical studies in order to provide a broad overview of the latest findings and clinical translation in the context of degenerated articular cartilage and OA.     

丙酸睾酮对大鼠坐骨神经损伤的治疗作用

目的:探讨雄激素丙酸睾酮(TP)对坐骨神经损伤的治疗作用及其机制.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠60只,随机等分为实验(TP)组(雄激素治疗组)和对照组(生理盐水治疗组),每组30只.建立坐骨神经离断后缝合外膜的损伤模型,分别在术后第4周、12周比较实验组与对照组运动神经传导速度(MNCV)恢复率和腓肠肌复合动作电位波幅(CMAP)恢复率;取损伤远端神经,观察再生神经的组织学变化;透射电镜观察超微结构变化;计算再生有髓神经纤维计数恢复率.结果:术后第4周,TP组MNCV恢复率为(26.74±6.54)%,CMAP恢复率为(28.58±4.49)%,对照组MNCV恢复率为(19.71±4.34)%,CMAP恢复率为(18.95±5.51)%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后第12周,TP组MNCV恢复率为(54.31±12.89)%,CMAP恢复率为(71.24±4.05)%,对照组MNCV恢复率为(40.23±10.00)%,CMAP为(62.95±4.89)%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);再生有髓纤维计数恢复率术后第4周TP组为(51.67±9.32)%,对照组为(34.04±10.86)%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后第12周TP组为(84.03±3.84)%,对照组为(75.13±6.58)%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后第4周、12周实验组再生神经纤维较对照组髓鞘致密,排列规则.结论:TP能促进周围神经再生和生理功能恢复.     

硬膜外阻滞对产程及母儿预后的影响

目的 探讨硬膜外阻滞对产程进展及母儿的影响.方法 采用回顾性方法,将施行分娩镇痛的168例作为硬膜外组,另选择同期172例条件相似,未行任何镇痛措施的自然临产产妇为对照组,记录两组产妇产程时间、新生儿1分钟和5分钟Apgar评分及产妇第三产程和产后2小时出血量.结果 ①产程时间比较,硬膜外组第一产程活跃期、第二产程时间比对照组延长,两组具极显著性差异(Ρ＜0.01),第三产程时间两组比较无显著性差异.②硬膜外组新生儿Apgar评分＜7分者高于对照组,两组比较无显著性差异.③两组产妇产后出血量比较无显著性差异.结论 硬膜外阻滞对产妇产程有延长作用,但对新生儿出生结局及产妇产后出血无明显影响.     

丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷用于脑梗死恢复期的临床观察

目的：探析脑梗死恢复期患者采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服进行治疗对改善神经功能的效果。方法：选取2017年5月至2019年11月马鞍山十七冶医院收治的脑梗死恢复期患者66例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组,每组33例。对照组采取氢氯吡格雷口服治疗,观察组采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服治疗,比较2组患者治疗有效率、神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）、日常生活能力评分（ADL）、运动功能、不良反应发生率、洼田饮水试验等指标。结果：与对照组比较,观察组治疗有效率明显较高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与对照组比较,观察组的NIHSS评分较低,ADL评分较高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组用药后洼田饮水试验分级比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：脑梗死恢复期患者采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服进行治疗能够提升治疗效果、改善神经功能,安全性高,可加快患者康复速度。     

人肝再生增强因子基因序列的优化、重组表达及功能研究

目的:体外重组表达人肝再生增强因子(augmenter of liver regeneration,ALR)并进行功能研究.方法:全基因合成ALR序列并插入原核表达载体pET28a ,转化入BL21菌内进行诱导表达,表达产物经过纯化后利用MTT法观察表达产物对人肝细胞的刺激增殖活性;利用小鼠急性四氯化碳损伤模型观察表达产物的肝功能保护作用.结果:酶切鉴定及测序结果提示表达产物正确;纯化后表达产物具有明确的促进肝细胞增殖作用,并在中、低剂量具有降低小鼠急性化学性损伤后转氨酶水平的作用.结论:重组表达的ALR结构正确,具有促进肝细胞再生的作用.     

Mimicking Extracellular Matrix via Engineered Nanostructured Biomaterials for Neural Repair

Extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of proteins, proteoglycans, and different soluble molecules. ECM provides structural support to mammalian cells. ECM is responsible for important cell functions, as well as assembling cells into various tissues and organs, regulating growth and cell-cell interaction. Recent studies have shown the potential of nanostructured biomaterials to mimic native ECM. Developing tailor-made biomaterials that mimic the complex nanoscale mesh of local ECM is not a trivial endeavor: bio-inspired biomaterials are designed to supply a healthy ECM-like structure, capable of filling the lesion cavity, favoring transplanted cell engraftment, providing physical support to endogenous neurogenesis and also tuning the inflammatory response to protect spared neurons. The strategies used to manufacture biomimetic hydrogel scaffold represent particularly important prospects of novel therapies for CNS regeneration. During this review, we describe with details the most promising regulatory pathways from ECM involved in the CNS injury and regeneration and we draw a line to the biomimetic potential of engineered nanostructured biomaterials aimed at mimicking extracellular matrix constructs and favoring the release of pro-regenerative agents. Lastly, a brief overview of their application in clinical trials is provided.     

补阳还五汤对大鼠缺血性脑中风损伤后轴突再生的影响

目的:探索补阳还五汤促进缺血性脑中风大鼠轴突再生和神经康复的作用。方法:SD大鼠共180只,建立大脑中动脉梗死(MCAO)模型,选取造模成功的大鼠随机分成模型组、补阳还五汤组(12 g·kg~(-1))和尼莫地平组(20 mg·kg~(-1)),另设假手术组,每组28只。连续灌胃给药7 d后,断头取脑,通过TTC染色检测脑梗死率,测定脑含水量检测脑水肿程度,改良银染法观察轴突变性,免疫荧光染色观察神经微丝蛋白-200(NF-200)的表达,实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)检测排斥性导向分子a(RGMa),Ras同源酶(Rho),Rho激酶(ROCK)和脑衰反应调节蛋白2(CRMP2)的mRNA表达,并通过改良神经功能评分观察神经功能恢复情况。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组的脑梗死体积和脑含水量显著上升(P0.01),神经功能显著下降(P0.01),轴突变性和神经纤维损伤严重,轴突生长相关蛋白的mRNA表达异常(P0.01);与模型组比较,补阳还五汤组和尼莫地平组的脑损伤程度明显降低,表现为脑梗死率和脑含水量显著降低(P0.01),轴突变性减少;NF-200阳性染色增多;RGMa,Rho和ROCK的mRNA表达明显降低(P0.05),CRMP2的mRNA表达显著升高(P0.01),神经功能明显提高(P0.05)。结论:补阳还五汤可通过调节轴突生长相关蛋白的mRNA表达促进缺血性脑中风损伤后轴突再生,从而改善神经功能。     

Characterization of Five Collagenous Biomaterials by SEM Observations,TG-DTA,Collagenase Dissolution Tests and Subcutaneous Implantation Tests

Collagenous biomaterials that are clinically applied in dentistry have dermis-type and membrane-type, both of which are materials for promoting bone and soft tissue formation. The properties of materials supplied with different types could affect their biodegradation periods. The purpose of this study was to characterize five of these products by four different methods: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), 0.01 wt% collagenase dissolution test, and subcutaneous implantation test in vivo. SEM micrographs revealed that both dermis and membranous materials were fibrous and porous. The membranous materials had higher specific derivative thermal gravimetry (DTG) peak temperatures in TG-DTA at around 320 °C, longer collagenase dissolution time ranging from about 300 to 500 min, and more longevity in mice exceeding 9 weeks than the dermis materials. There existed a correlation between the peak temperature in TG-DTA and the collagenase dissolution time. It was considered that higher cross-link degree among collagen fibrils of the membrane-type collagenous materials might account for these phenomena. The experimental protocol and numerical results obtained could be helpful for selection and future development of fibrous collagenous biomaterials in clinical use.     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸酶抑制剂促进面神经再生的实验研究

目的 本研究通过神经再生室对表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸酶抑制剂在面神经损伤后再生过程中的作用,旨在观察局部应用表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸酶抑制剂对面神经再生作用的影响,并为临床治疗面神经损伤提供治疗方法.方法 将新西兰兔20只随机分成两组,切断双侧面神经上颊支制成面神经再生室模型,A组在再生室内注入生理盐水0.1ml;B组在再生室内注入表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸酶抑制剂0.1ml.观察神经损伤局部免疫反应、组织形态学及图像分析、电生理学.结果 1周时B组面神经损伤局部的淋巴细胞浸润程度较A组轻.4、6周时实验组的神经传导速度和组织形态学检查均优于对照组.结论 局部应用表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸酶抑制剂具有神经营养作用,可加速神经功能恢复,促进神经生长.