PsTg对甲状腺乳头状癌术后功能性淋巴结转移患者131I最佳治疗反应的预测价值

目的:探讨¹³¹I治疗前刺激性甲状腺球蛋白(psTg)水平对甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)术后功能性残留淋巴结转移且无远处转移患者¹³¹I最佳治疗反应(ER)的预测价值。 方法:回顾性纳入2011年3月至2015年6月间于郑州大学附属肿瘤医院行甲状腺双侧叶全切+淋巴结清扫术后首次行¹³¹I治疗时确诊为功能性残留淋巴结转移且无远处转移的PTC患者72例[男22例、女50例,年龄14~76(46.5±14.4)岁;血清甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)水平均正常]。根据治疗反应评估体系将患者分为ER组和非ER组。采用两独立样本 t检验、 χ²检验、Mann-Whitney U检验比较2组患者的一般临床特征,再进行多因素logistic回归分析;采用ROC曲线评估psTg、转移淋巴结大小(短径)对ER的预测价值。 结果:ER组44例,非ER组28例,2组患者的性别、年龄、临床分期、术后转移淋巴结个数和位置差异均无统计学意义( t=0.82, χ²值:0.16~2.60,均 P>0.05);而美国甲状腺协会(ATA)初始风险分层( χ²=33.38)、转移淋巴结大小( U=296.50)和psTg( U=111.00)差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.001)。多因素回归分析显示,psTg[比值比( OR)=0.047, 95% CI: 0.004~0.500, P=0.011]和转移淋巴结大小( OR=0.146, 95% CI: 0.032~0.666, P=0.013)是影响ER的独立因素,而ATA初始风险分层不是独立因素( OR=0.266, 95% CI: 0.051~1.390, P=0.116)。PsTg、转移淋巴结大小的ROC AUC分别为0.904、0.873;当psTg以20.05 μg/L为界值时,其预测ER的灵敏度和特异性分别为96.4%(27/28)和75.0%(33/44);当转移淋巴结大小以0.75 cm为界值时,其预测ER的灵敏度和特异性分别为78.6%(22/28)和81.8%(36/44)。 结论:PsTg可以较好地预测PTC术后功能性残留淋巴结转移患者¹³¹I疗效,转移淋巴结大小对疗效也有重要影响。     

Radiological vignette. Insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum

Summary An insufficiency fracture (IF) involving the acetabulum is presented. This fracture occurred in a 67-year-old woman who had been hysterectomized and oophorectomized 27 years earlier for a carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and who had received external pelvic irradiation. This IF location has been rarely described earlier, and its awareness should preclude unnecessary aggressive diagnostic procedures especially in patients with osteoporosis and previous pelvic radiotherapy.     

Diagnostic dilemmas in patients with cystic neoplasms of the pancreas

Summary Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas (CNP) are rare lesions that can be difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Twenty patients with cystic neoplasms of the pancreas including five microcystic adenomas, six benign mucinous cystic neoplasms, three malignant mucinous cystic neoplasms, two solid and papillary epithelial neoplasms, and four cystic neuroendocrine tumors were treated at a single institution between 1962 and 1987. The average duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 10 months. Five patients were asymptomatic. Forty percent of patients presented with an abdominal mass. Plain abdominal x-rays and UGI barium contrast studies were never diagnostic. Ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT) and visceral angiography aided in the correct diagnosis in 28%, 36%, and 75% of patients studied, respectively. Overall a correct diagnosis was made preoperatively in only 35% of patients. Twelve of 13 patients were correctly diagnosed at laparotomy with intraoperative biopsy. Without biopsy the mass was misdiagnosed at laparotomy in five of six cases. CNP must be suspected inany patients who present with an upper abdominal mass with or without abdominal pain and no history of pancreatitis. CT may be diagnostic in up to one third of cases and should be obtained routinely to demonstrate the proximity of the lesion to other structures. Visceral angiography should also be obtained prior to operation. A generous incisional biopsy should be obtained of all pancreatic cysts that are not to be resected.     

以尿崩症为首发表现的肺癌伴垂体转移六例临床分析

目的通过对以尿崩症为首发表现的肺癌垂体转移患者的临床资料分析,总结其临床特点,提高对尿崩症和垂体转移性肿瘤的认识和诊治水平。方法回顾性分析6例肺癌伴有垂体转移患者的临床和随诊资料,分析和探讨肺癌垂体转移的临床特点、诊断和治疗。结果6例患者平均年龄57·5岁。除垂体转移以外,还有其他多个部位转移。转移病灶多累及垂体后叶和垂体柄,常以尿崩症为首发表现和就诊原因,鞍区MRI可以出现特征性改变。伴有不同程度的垂体前叶功能减退。结论肺癌是引起垂体转移肿瘤的常见原因之一,以转移到垂体后叶多见。对于中老年新出现的中枢性尿崩症,应该重视系统性疾病的影响,寻找可能的原发肿瘤。     

Pictorial Review of Mediastinal Masses with an Emphasis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a crucial tool for evaluating mediastinal masses considering that several lesions that appear indeterminate on computed tomography and radiography can be differentiated on MRI. Using a three-compartment model to localize the mass and employing a basic knowledge of MRI, radiologists can easily diagnose mediastinal masses. Here, we review the use of MRI in evaluating mediastinal masses and present the images of various mediastinal masses categorized using the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group''s three-compartment classification system. These masses include thymic hyperplasia, thymic cyst, pericardial cyst, thymoma, mediastinal hemangioma, lymphoma, mature teratoma, bronchogenic cyst, esophageal duplication cyst, mediastinal thyroid carcinoma originating from ectopic thyroid tissue, mediastinal liposarcoma, mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst, neurogenic tumor, meningocele, and plasmacytoma.     

前列腺癌骨转移瘤99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT显像标准化摄取值测量的一致性

目的评价前列腺癌骨转移瘤⁹⁹T^cm-MDP SPECT/CT显像标准化摄取值(SUV)在观察者内和观察者间重复测量的一致性,为采用SUV评价骨转移瘤治疗效果提供参考。资料与方法回顾性分析47例经病理确诊的前列腺癌患者的⁹⁹T^cm-MDP SPECT/CT全身骨显像资料,由2名核医学医师采用Q Metrix软件重复两次(间隔4周)独立分析,共获得92组骨转移瘤的体积、平均SUV(SUVmean)和最大SUV(SUVmax)。分别采用组内相关系数(ICC)、Bland-Altman图和差异性系数(CV)分析观察者内和观察者间测量结果的重复性和变异性。结果病灶体积和SUVmean在观察者内和观察者间具有极好的重复性(ICC=0.948~0.979);Bland-Altman分析显示,最多6.5%的点数位于95%一致性界限外。观察者间两次测量中,SUVmean的CV均显著高于SUVmax,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论同一观察者或不同观察者定量分析前列腺癌骨转移瘤⁹⁹T^cm-MDP摄取水平时,SUVmax比SUVmean的一致性更好。     

半胱氨酸酶抑制剂A在口腔鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨半胱氨酸酶抑制剂A（CSTA）在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法 通过免疫组织化学染色、Western 免疫印迹和实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测CSTA的表达,通过Transwell迁移侵袭实验评估CSTA对口腔鳞癌细胞转移的促进作用。采用SPSS 25.0和GraphPad Prism 8.4.3软件进行数据分析。结果 CSTA在口腔鳞癌中的表达显著低于正常口腔黏膜上皮组织,其表达量与颈淋巴结转移（P=0.028）和肿瘤病理级别呈显著负相关（P=0.001）,CSTA低表达的细胞倾向分布于肿瘤侵袭前缘;CSTA低表达组患者总生存期显著短于CSTA高表达组,CSTA过表达可在体外抑制口腔鳞癌细胞迁移与侵袭。结论 CSTA在调控口腔鳞癌颈淋巴转移过程中发挥重要作用,有望成为口腔鳞癌颈淋巴转移的潜在预测和治疗靶标。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在治疗后宫颈癌评估中的价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对临床怀疑宫颈癌局部复发和(或)远处转移患者的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析95例宫颈癌治疗后患者的18F-FDG PET/CT检查资料,采用视觉分析和半定量方法(SUVmax)分析病灶特点,最终诊断以活组织病理检查、诊断性治疗及影像学随访结果为准,采用Kappa一致性检验进行分析.结果 共有54例患者18 F-FDG PET/CT检查发现局部复发和(或)远处转移病灶,其中局部复发24例,远处转移30例;18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肿瘤复发与转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为98.1％(52/53)、95.2％ (40/42)和96.8％ (92/95),阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为96.3％ (52/54)和97.6％(40/41).18F-FDG PET/CT检查结果与病理及临床随访结果一致性良好(Kappa=0.936,P＜0.05).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对临床可疑宫颈癌复发的诊断具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,有助于局部复发和(或)远处转移病灶的检测,对临床进一步的诊疗具有指导作用.     

468例食管鳞癌术后局部区域复发的三维适形调强放疗疗效及预后分析

目的 探讨468例食管鳞癌术后局部区域复发患者三维适形调强放疗的疗效及相关预后因素.方法 回顾性分析468例食管鳞癌术后局部区域复发行放疗的患者资料,术后复发时间为2~252个月,中位数14.95个月.锁骨上区复发45例,纵隔复发291例,腹腔复发4例,吻合口复发15例,锁骨上区+纵隔复发89例,吻合口+纵隔复发11例,纵隔+腹腔复发7例,锁骨上区+吻合口复发1例,锁骨上区+腹腔复发2例,吻合口+纵隔+锁骨上区复发3例.经典三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)224例,调强放疗(IMRT)244例.放疗剂量40~70 Gy(中位放疗剂量59.4 Gy).在166例联合化疗患者中,同步放化疗109例,序贯放化疗57例.Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Log-rank法检验和预后单因素分析,Cox法预后多因素分析.结果 随访率95.3%,总有效率为81.6%,其中CR为41.2%.术后局部区域复发放疗后1、2、3、4年生存率分别为61%、32%、21%和14%,中位生存期17.6个月.单因素分析显示年龄、术后病理分期、术后N分期、复发部位、病灶单或多发、病灶大小、近期疗效、放疗剂量、化疗与否与预后相关(χ²=4.814~247.322,P<0.05);多因素分析显示年龄、术后病理分期、病灶单或多发、病灶大小、近期疗效、放疗剂量、化疗与否是独立预后因素(P<0.05).术后局部区域复发放疗后患者死亡原因为局部及区域性复发致死176例,占死亡数的47.57%(176/370);远处转移148例,占40.00%(148/370);局部复发+远处转移为16例,占4.32%(16/370);1例死于放射性肺炎;2例死于急性心肌梗塞;1例死于脑出血;原因不明26例(含失访).肺是最常见的远处转移部位.结论 食管鳞癌术后局部区域复发患者三维适形调强放疗可以延长部分患者生存时间,年龄小于70岁,术后分期较早,单个复发病灶,小病灶,放疗剂量≥59.4 Gy,足量放疗后缓解者,采取同步放化疗的患者预后较好.