固定床有效导热系数的研究

采用稳态法和非稳态参数估值法测定了气体静止时固定床有效导热系数(以下简称固定床的有效导热系数),前者采用圆柱体导热模型,求得在某特定温度下固定床有效导热系数;后者根据固定床拟均相非稳态传热模型,获得了适用于宽温度范围的固定床有效导热系数与气体导热系数和固体导热系数之间的关联式。并将填充挤条型氧化铁系催化剂、催化剂载体Al2O3和玻璃珠的固定床的测定结果与前人推荐的固定床有效导热系数的多种计算方法进行比较。结果证明,对于气-固体系计算固定床的有效导热系数较为适宜的经验式为:λb0=λf×10(0.785-0.057lg(λs/λf))×lg(λs/λf)。该经验式在20～500℃对于高、中、低导热系数多种物系的固体颗粒床层均适用。     

降钙素基因相关肽在大鼠纹状体边缘区内分布及其纤维联系的研究

应用免疫细胞化学ABC法对降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）在大鼠纹状体边缘区内的分布以及与杏仁核、终纹床核等边缘系统结构之间的联系进行了研究。结果发现：（1）CGRP免疫阳性纤维在纹状体内存在于纹状体的中部和尾侧,位于尾壳核和苍白球之间,即相当于纹状体边缘区的部位,形成一条明显的背腹方向走行的带状。CGRP免疫阳性纤维分布越靠纹状体尾,则纤维越密集,且阳性带越宽;（2）在纹状体的最尾侧,除边缘区外,尾壳核的外侧缘也出现一条致密的阳性纤维带,与边缘区走向一致。并与边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维带之间存在较多的横向联系纤维;（3）纹状体边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维向背侧通过终纹与吻侧的终纹床核联系,向腹侧与杏仁核的CGRP阳性纤维相连,向尾侧和中脑黑质外侧部及其背外侧区的CGRP阳性胞体相连;（4）边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维主要与杏仁中央核相联系,少量与杏仁内侧核相联系;尾壳核外侧缘的CGRP阳性纤维也主要与杏仁中央核相联系。结果提示：CGRP阳性纤维在纹状体边缘区、杏仁核、终纹床核以及黑质背外侧区之间形成了一个相互联系的神经网络,纹状体边缘区与边缘系统之间存在密切的纤维联系。     

Suppression of Agglomeration in Fluidized Bed Coating. III. Hofmeister Series in Suppression of Particle Agglomeration

Purpose. Fourteen kinds of salts consisting of various cations and anions in the Hofmeister series were used as additives for suppression of particle agglomeration in the fluidized bed coating. We attempted to clarify the relationship between the suppression effect of the salts and the Hofmeister series of their consistent ions. Methods. Fluidized bed coating was carried out with hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose (HPMC) aqueous coating solution containing the salts and Celphere® as core particles. To elucidate the salting-out power of the salts for HPMC, the transmittance of the coating solutions at 600 nm was measured at various temperatures and the phase separation temperature (T_PS) was determined from the values at 50% transmittance. Results. A high suppression effect was observed when the salts including high order ions in the Hofmeister series were added to the coating solution. T_PS decreased in the presence of the salts except for sodium iodide and sodium thiocyanate and lowered with the higher order ion in the Hofmeister series. The particle agglomeration was suppressed with decrease in T_PS of the HPMC aqueous coating solution. Conclusions. It has been suggested that the suppression effect of a salt on the particle agglomeration depended on the salting-out power of the salt. We regard sodium citrate and potassium citrate as very useful pharmaceutical additives for the suppression of particle agglomeration in actual pharmaceutical coating.     

原位再生医疗技术治疗外伤性甲床缺损的疗效观察

目的探讨原位再生医疗技术治疗外伤性甲床缺损的临床疗效。方法将1997年以来青岛市黄岛区人民医院收治的60例外伤性甲床缺损患者(65根手指)简单清创后,直接涂抹湿润烧伤膏(Moist Exposed Burn Ointment,MEBO)治疗,每4~6 h换药1次,观察治疗效果,并与随机抽取的同期本院西医手术治疗的60例患者(62根手指)疗效进行对比。结果原位再生医疗技术治疗的65根手指,优58根(89.23%)、良5根(7.69%)、可2根(3.08%),总优良率为96.92%;西医手术治疗的62根手指,优18根(29.03%)、良9根(14.52%)、可21根(33.87%)、差14根(22.58%),总优良率为43.55%,两组对比,P0.01,差异具有统计学意义。结论原位再生医疗技术治疗外伤性甲床缺损,能够原位再生出新指甲,完好地保留手指的长度和功能,疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

基于DEA模型的军队综合性医院床位适宜规模实证研究

目的：采用数据包络分析（data envelopment analysis,DEA）模型评价军队综合性医院的技术效率和规模效率,对医院床位适宜规模进行实证研究。方法收集40家军队综合性医院2001～2010年人员、设备、资产、医疗服务量等投入产出指标,运用DEA的BCC（Banker,Charnes and Cooper ）模型分析两组不同产出指标的样本医院规模收益状态,统计不同规模收益情况下的医院床位数。结果两组分析结果均显示,规模收益递増（ IRS）的医院平均床位约为790张,规模收益不变（ CRS）的平均床位分别为1015和1098张,规模收益递减（ DRS）的平均床位与收益不变的床位相似,不同规模收益状态之间均有显著性差异。结论床位规模在1000张左右的样本医院规模收益不变,可通过建立切实可行的分级诊疗和双向转诊制度促使医院的床位达到适宜规模。     

Meek植皮术联合悬浮床治疗大面积烧伤的临床疗效

目的 观察并分析Meek植皮术联合悬浮床治疗大面积烧伤的临床疗效.方法 选取我院2013年3月至2015年1月收治的82例大面积烧伤患者进行研究,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组41例,观察组患者接受Meek植皮术联合悬浮床治疗,对照组患者接受大张异皮联合微粒皮移植术治疗,对比两组患者临床疗效.结果 观察组患者的创面结痂时间、手术植皮面积以及愈合时间低于对照组患者;观察组患者植皮成功率高于对照组患者,两组对比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后观察组患者的创面细菌检出率为12.20％,对照组患者为39.02％,且两组患者对比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).讨论 针对大面积烧伤患者给予Meek植皮术联合悬浮床治疗临床疗效确切,且抑菌效果较好,可有效减少换药次数,加快患者恢复,值得临床推广.     

The possible involvement of adenylate cyclase inhibition in the field potential suppression through alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

Catecholamines, such as norepinephrine (NE), cause a field potential suppression through alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in thin sections of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors or cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogues attenuate the NE-induced suppression. These results suggest that the NE-induced suppression is mediated by adenylate cyclase inhibition and a resultant decrease of intracellular cAMP content.     

Electrical activity recorded from thin sections of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the effects of neurotensin

Effects of neurotensin on neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) were studied in vitro in thin brain sections of the guinea pig. Electrical stimulation to the stria terminalis (ST) elicited a negative field potential in the BST. The field potential was markedly suppressed in the medium containing Ca2+ at a low concentration of Mg2+ at a high concentration. BST neurons discharged in response to ST stimulation. Some of them also fired spontaneously. Neurotensin excited about two-thirds of BST neurons at concentrations of 0.35-35 nM. This excitation was not blocked when synaptic transmission was blocked in a medium containing Ca2+ in a low concentration and Mg2+ in a high concentration. These observations suggest that neurotensin is an excitatory transmitter or modulator in the amygdalo-BST projection.     

The anxiogenic drug yohimbine activates central viscerosensory circuits in rats

Systemic administration of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (YO) activates the HPA stress axis and promotes anxiety in humans and experimental animals. We propose that visceral malaise contributes to the stressful and anxiogenic effects of systemic YO and that YO recruits brainstem noradrenergic (NA) and peptidergic neurons that relay viscerosensory signals to the hypothalamus and limbic forebrain. To begin testing these hypotheses, the present study explored dose-related effects of YO on food intake, conditioned flavor avoidance (CFA), and Fos immunolabeling in rats. Systemic YO (5.0 mg/kg BW, i.p.) inhibited food intake, supported CFA, and increased Fos immunolabeling in identified NA neurons in the ventrolateral medulla, nucleus of the solitary tract, and locus coeruleus. YO also increased Fos in the majority of corticotropin releasing hormone-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. YO administered at 1.0 mg/kg BW did not inhibit food intake, did not support CFA, and did not increase Fos immunolabeling. Retrograde neural tracing demonstrated that neurons activated by YO at 5.0 mg/kg BW included medullary and pontine neurons that project to the central nucleus of the amygdala and to the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the latter region receiving comparatively greater input by Fos-positive neurons. We conclude that YO produces anorexigenic and aversive effects that correlate with activation of brainstem viscerosensory inputs to the limbic forebrain. These findings invite continued investigation of how central viscerosensory signaling pathways interact with hypothalamic and limbic regions to influence interrelated physiological and behavioral components of anxiety, stress, and visceral malaise.     

Hospital usage of antibacterial agents in relation to size and type of hospital and geographical situation

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of use and therapy profile of antibacterial agents in hospitals. Further to explore whether type, size or geographical situation influenced antibacterial agents used. METHODS: Antibacterial use during 1998-1999, in 13 hospitals, including emergency, referral and university hospitals from all health regions in Norway, were collected retrospectively. Drugs were classified according to the ATC classification and the ATC/DDD index 2001 and standardised bed-days were used. RESULTS: Total annual use varied significantly between hospitals (p < 0.01), mean 47.5 DDD/100 bed-days. Neither size, type of hospital, nor were geographical situations predictors for total hospital use of antibacterial agents. Therapy patterns were approximately similar all over the country. Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins were most frequently used in all hospitals. University hospitals and large hospitals used more 3rd generation cephalosporins. Small hospitals used more penicillins with extended specter. CONCLUSIONS: Size, type and geographical situation do not influence the level of antibacterial use in Norwegian hospitals. However, therapeutic choice of antibacterial agents differs and seems to be influenced by hospital size and hospital type.