骨化性肌炎的多模态影像学表现

目的:探讨骨化性肌炎的X线、CT、MRI、SPECT/CT的特征性表现。方法:回顾性分析56例经病理或随访证实为骨化性肌炎患者的影像学资料,总结其影像学特征,探讨该病的鉴别要点及诊断价值。结果:56例中,位于髋关节23例,肘关节18例,其他部位15例。早期病变12例,CT或MRI表现为软组织水肿、肿胀,无明显骨化成分,可合并邻近骨骼的骨膜反应;中期病变23例,表现为软组织内分层状肿块,病灶中心呈软组织密度或信号,病灶周围呈蛋壳样、絮状骨化影,SPECT/CT表现为病灶整体显像剂异常摄取;晚期病变21例,表现为边界清楚的骨化团块,SPECT/CT显像15例,其中3例未见显像剂摄取,6例病灶中央显像剂摄取,6例病灶周围显像剂不均匀摄取。结论:骨化性肌炎早期缺乏影像学特征,中期蛋壳样骨化是其特征表现,晚期的骨化团块可表现为不同形式的显像剂摄取,多模态影像学的综合应用可提高其临床诊断价值。     

Impaction bone grafting with freeze-dried irradiated bone. Part I. Femoral implant stabilityCadaver experiments in a hip simulator

Processed freeze-dried irradiated allografts seem to be used less than instead of fresh-frozen allografts for impaction bone grafting in revision hip arthroplasties. Although biologically acceptable, their use is discouraged because of their questionable mechanical properties following freeze-drying and irradiation procedures. To address this question, we impacted freeze-dried grafts in 6 cadaveric femurs and loaded with a cemented Charnley prosthesis. The routinely used fresh-frozen allografts were used as controls in the contralateral side. These constructs were compared simultaneously in a walking hip simulator for their stability during 900,000 loading cycles. The mechanical parameters were axial inducible displacement and subsidence of the implant. The former parameter was lower in the implant mounted on freeze-dried impacted grafts than that mounted on the fresh-frozen bone. The latter parameter was also lower in the freeze-dried group. At the end of the test, we found no implant loosening in either group and their pull out resulted in cement-prosthesis debonding, which showed the mechanical integrity of the impacted grafts. Freeze-dried grafts provide more stable fixation of the stem than fresh-frozen morselized grafts, when tested in a hip simulator.     

Systemic diseases and infections,anecdotal complications and oddities associated with tattooing

Complications associated with tattoos are mostly of cutaneous origin. They include chiefly ink allergy, local infection, benign tumors or malignant lesions and elective localization of various dermatoses. Tattoo-related systemic diseases and infections have more rarely been described, the most common being sarcoidosis and hepatitis C. However, unusual associations have also been reported, even though they may be anecdotal or likely unrelated with the procedure.     

Myo-Spain: Registro de pacientes con miopatía inflamatoria idiopática de España. Metodología

ObjectivesTo describe the methods of the Spanish Registry of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) (Myo-Spain), as well as its strengths and limitations. The main objective of the project is to analyse the evolution and clinical management of a cohort of patients with IIM.MethodsObservational, longitudinal, ambispective and multicentre study of a cohort of patients with IIM seen in rheumatology units in Spain. All patients with a diagnosis of IMM will be included in the regular follow-up of the participating centres, regardless of age on initiation of the process. Incident cases will be all patients who at the beginning of the study have been diagnosed for less than 12 months and prevalent cases for more than 12 months. The registry will include data from the visit at baseline, one year and two years. Socio-demographic, clinical, analytical variables, complications, comorbidities, association with other rheumatic diseases, hospital admissions, mortality and treatments will be collected. In addition, indices, scales and questionnaires of activity, muscle involvement, damage, disability, and quality of life will be determined. The recruitment period will be 23 months. The purpose is to obtain a cohort of 400 patients with IMM.ConclusionsMyo-Spain registry provides the opportunity to develop a cohort of incident and prevalent patients with IMM in Spain. Myo-Spain will be able to assess in detail the clinical characteristics of the disease at different times. The comprehensive information collected during the visits is expected to provide a broad source of data for future analysis.     

创伤性肘关节骨化性肌炎的预防治疗

目的:探讨如何运用早期复位、止血、血肿穿刺及骨折术后引流等方法预防肘部脱位及骨折时骨化性肌炎的发生。方法:总结分析2001年6月～2006年1月笔者用该方法治疗128例肘部关节脱位、骨折患者的临床治疗资料并与此前76例未采取该治疗方法的病例进行对比评定。结果:128例肘部关节脱位、骨折在1年随访期内,仅出现骨位性炎病例1例。结论:肘部关节脱位、骨折的早期及时良好的复位、患部冰敷、血肿穿刺及骨折术后正确的引流、早中期非抗力性主动功能锻炼能有效降低骨化性肌炎的发生。     

普通变异型免疫缺陷合并肌肥大强直性炎性肌病一例

目的 报道1例出现肌肥大和肌强直的普通变异型免疫缺陷(common variable immunodeficiency,CVID)伴随炎性肌肉病患者.方法 患者男性,33岁,近10年反复出现呼吸道感染症状,出现四肢无力和肌肉强直2年,伴随胸锁乳突肌和胫前肌肥大.对患者进行实验室检查,肌电图以及肌肉超声检查,并行股四头肌活体组织检查,标本进行组织学和标记炎细胞的免疫组织化学染色,以及强直性肌营养不良1型的萎缩性肌强直蛋白激酶基因的CTG重复次数和2型锌指蛋白9基因的CCTG重复次数的基因检查.结果 肌电图检查示强直电位和肌源性损害,肌肉超声提示肌肉肥大,肺活体组织检查提示炎性改变.辅助检查示贫血、尿蛋白阳性和血免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA和IgM均降低.肌肉活体组织检查可见肌纤维坏死和再生,伴随间质增生和大量炎细胞浸润.浸润的炎细胞主要是巨噬细胞和T淋巴细胞.存在主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ阳性肌纤维.强直性肌营养不良1型和2型的基因检查正常.结论 CVID伴随的炎性肌肉病可以出现肌强直和肌肥大表现.     

三例包涵体肌炎的临床与病理特点

目的探讨包涵体肌炎（ＩＢＭ）的临床与病理特点。方法总结３例ＩＢＭ病人的临床特点，并对肌活检标本进行酶组织化学、组织化学病理和超微病理研究。结果３例女性病人均在２４～３６岁发病，其临床特点为以双下肢无力起病，渐累及上肢，远端肢体受累常见。腱反射消失，血清肌酸激酶正常或轻度增高，肌活检光镜检查发现其主要病理改变为镶边空泡纤维，肌浆或肌核内有嗜酸性包涵体，肌内膜炎性细胞浸润和成群萎缩肌纤维。电镜观察发现３例均有肌浆内细丝或管状细丝包涵体，其中１例有核内包涵体。镶边空泡内含淀粉样细丝、髓样结构、絮状无结构物质和其他胞浆分解产物。肌核改变包括异染色质增多、核变大，核内包涵体及核崩解。结论电镜包埋、半薄切片定位是电镜下寻找包涵体并确诊ＩＢＭ的关键步骤。肌核改变可能是ＩＢＭ的病因基础，镶边空泡和肌浆内包涵体有可能来自于崩解的肌核。     

外伤性颌面部骨化性肌炎1例报告

骨化性肌炎是指骨骼肌间质内的结缔组织、肌、腱、韧带腱膜及骨骼肌的胶原性支持组织的异常骨化现象。其中,外伤性局限性骨化性肌炎常见于肘部、髋部、股部和臀部,发生于颌面部的骨化性肌炎较为罕见。本文报告1例典型病例,并对其发病机制、临床特点、诊断和治疗进行讨论。