糖尿病大鼠视网膜血管内皮生长因子与一氧化氮的变化

目的：探讨糖尿病大鼠视网膜血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）与一氧化氮（NO）的变化及其在糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）发生发展过程中的作用。方法：选择健康成年SD大鼠，随机分成正常对照组，糖尿病1月（DM1），糖尿病3月（DM3）和糖尿病5月（DM5）组，一次性腹腔注射链佐菌素（STZ）诱发糖尿病模型，应用免疫组织化学方法观察各组视网膜组织VEGF的表达情况，并检测各组视网膜组织中一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性和NO含量变化。结果：3个月时，糖尿病大鼠视网膜VEGF表达增强，NOS活性增强，NO含量增高，5个月时，糖尿病大鼠视网膜表达进一步增强，而NOS活性开始减弱，NO含量减少，结论：糖尿病大鼠视网膜VEGF的过度表达和NOS活性，NO含量的变化在DR的发生发展过程中起重要作用。     

Leptin, lipid and lipid metabolism-related hormones in chronic renal failure in Arabia

SUMMARY: In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), hyperleptinaemia has been widely reported, but the exact mechanisms leading to elevated leptin levels are unclear. Impaired renal clearance of leptin and the influence of other hormones may be important. In this study, we measured serum leptin levels in 150 patients on haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or in the predialysis phase of CRF. Furthermore, we measured plasma levels of insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), as well as plasma levels of triacylglycerols and total low density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. We observed significantly elevated levels of leptin, particularly in female patients, and leptin was shown to correlate significantly with insulin, total and LDL-cholesterol and log triacylglycerols. Leptin was inversely correlated with GH concentrations, but was not correlated with IGF-1 levels. Despite the multiple correlations established between leptin levels and other variables, only hyperinsulinaemia in CRF seems to be important as a determinator of leptin levels.     

儿童髓母细胞瘤中VEGFR-2的表达

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子受体VEGFR－2在儿童髓母细胞瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法：采用免疫组化LSAB法检测84例获随访的儿童髓母细胞瘤中的VEGFR－2表达，按术后生存期3，5，10年分为A，B，C三组，使用Cox回归统计分析。结果：84例儿童髓母细胞瘤中，VEGFR－2阳性表达74例（88．09％），A，B，C三组间VEGFR－2阳性表达分别为100％，88．89％，55．33％（P＜0．01），Cox回归分析显示VEGFR－2是影响生存时间的一个独立的预后因子，它与预后存在负相关关系。结论：VEGFR－2表达水平可作为儿童髓母细胞瘤的预后指标之一。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者内皮素及血管性假血友病因子的改变

目的 观察不稳定型心绞痛 (Unstableanginapectoris,UAP)患者内皮素 (Endothelin,ET)及血管性假血友病因子 (vonWillebrandfactor,vWF)的变化。方法 不稳定型心绞痛患者34例、正常人21名分别在清晨采血测定ET及vWF值。 结果 不稳定型心绞痛患者ET(129.3±26.4) pg/ml及vWF(185.4±32.4) %值明显高于正常人(85.2±39.6)pg/ml及(142.1±42.0) % ,两者之间不具有显著相关性 (r=0.15,P>0.05)。结论 ET及vWF的改变可能参与了不稳定型心绞痛的病理生理过程。     

Effects of Platelet Factor 4 on Expression of Bone Marrow Heparan Sulfate in Syngenic Bone Marrow Transplantation Mice

Platelet factor 4 ( PF4) is a negativehematopoietic factor.It can inhibit the prolifera-tion of endothelial cells and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells,particularly megakaryoryocyticcells,reversibly[1] ,inhibit DNA synthesis,blockcell cycle progression during S phase and reducethe sensibility of normal hematopoietic stem/pro-genitor cells,but not some cancer or leukemia celllines,to cytotoxic drugs and ionizing radia-tion[2 - 3] ,and it also can cause a population in-crease of the stem cel…     

SA脂质体介导GFP／bFGF基因在豚鼠耳蜗中的表达

目的 :观察天然碱性脂 (Stearylamine,SA)脂质体介导绿色荧光蛋白 /碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(GFP/bFGF)基因于不同时间段豚鼠耳蜗中的表达 ,为进一步研究耳聋的基因治疗提供实验基础。方法 :取豚鼠 1 6只 ,分成 4组 ,每组 4只。其中 3只右耳圆窗内注入SA -GFP/bFGF复合物 ,1只同法注入生理盐水作为对照。分别于术后第 2、7、1 4、2 1天取材。在荧光显微镜下观察GFP的表达 ,用免疫组化法检测bFGF的转导情况。结果 :荧光显微镜下见双侧耳蜗于术后第 2天开始部分细胞发出绿色荧光 ,第 7天达到高峰 ,支持细胞及内外毛细胞均显荧光 ,细胞轮廓清晰 ;第 1 4天开始减弱 ,第 2 1天消失。免疫组化染色显示 ,除血管纹外 ,耳蜗各回Corti器、螺旋韧带、螺旋缘及螺旋神经节细胞均有高浓度的表达产物 ,对照动物呈阴性表达。结论 :SA脂质体介导的GFP/bFGF基因单耳给药双侧耳蜗均有高效表达 ,为进一步研究基因治疗耳聋提供了可能。     

Prognostic importance of the time interval from surgery to chemotherapy in treatment of ovarian carcinoma

In a large study on 1,220 patients with ovarian carcinoma in FIGO stages I-IV, the prognostic importance of the time factor for start of postoperative chemotherapy was studied together with other important factors for long-term survival. The patient series was a total geographic material of ovarian carcinoma patients treated during the years 1975-1993. All patients were followed up for 10 years or until death. The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate of the complete series was 50%. Significant and independent prognostic factors with regard to long-term cancer-specific survival were FIGO stage, histology, tumor grade, and completeness of the primary surgery. Special attention was paid to the prognostic importance of the time interval between primary surgery and the first course of chemotherapy. Patient groups with intervals shorter or longer than the median value were compared. In early-stage disease, no significant difference was noted. In advanced and bulky disease, an interval longer than the median value seemed to be beneficial compared with a shorter interval. However, after correction for other prognostic factors, the interval was not a significant factor (P = 0.647) with regard to the cancer-specific survival rate. Therefore, the time factor should not be an important argument for how to best organize the gynecologic oncology service.     

肿瘤坏死因子与甲状腺细胞凋亡及相关蛋白的检测和表达的意义

目的　探讨肿瘤坏死因子 a(TNF a)诱导Graves病甲状腺细胞凋亡与相关蛋白表达在Graves病 (GD)发病关系中的意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学S P方法检测 5 0例Graves病患者TNF a,并检测对照组对Fas表达的影响。采用原代细胞培养方法进行细胞培养 ,细胞培养液中的sFas含量采用ELISA法检测。Fas/sFasmRNA检测采用半定量RT PCR法。结果　含有TNF aGD组细胞凋亡率为 92 6 % ,显著高于对照组的凋亡率 (36 0 % ) (P <0 0 1)。其含有TNF aGD组甲状腺细胞sFas、Fas/sFasmRNA含量与对照组比较差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　TNF a诱导Graves病甲状腺细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白sFas、Fas/sFasmRNA有一定水平的表达 ,这些改变可能是TNF a破坏甲状腺细胞的重要机制之一。     

Chronic treatment with scopolamine and physostigmine changes nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor density and NGF content in rat brain

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors were measured in cortex and hippocampus of rats treated with drugs affecting cholinergic neurotransmission. High (K_d= 0.045nM) and low (K_d= 21nM) affinity¹²⁵I-NGF binding sites were present in both cortical and hippocampal membranes with hippocampus containing higher numbers of both sites than cortex. Chronic treatment of rats with the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (5 mg/kg, twice daily) decreased the density of high- and low-affinity sites by 50–90% in cortical and hippocampal membranes. These changes were seen after 7 days, but not 3 days, of scopolamine treatment. Chronic infusion of physostigmine (1 mg/kg/day) using minipumps increased the number of high- and low-affinity sites in cortex 3- and 6-fold, respectively. The changes in receptor-binding parameters induced by physostigmine were transient as they were evident after 3 days of treatment, but returned to control levels after 7 days. NGF content in cortex and hippocampus was reduced by about 50% following 7, but not 3, days of chronic physostigmine infusion. In contrast, scopolamine treatment failed to change NGF levels in the cholinergic neuronal target regions but it decreased NGF content in the septal area. The content of NGF mRNA in the cortex measured by Northern blot analysis failed to change following either scopolamine or physostigmine treatment. The results suggest that levels of NGF and NGF receptors in the target regions of cholinergic neurons are regulated by the extent of cholinergic neurotransmitter activity.