双向电泳技术分析大鼠快慢肌蛋白的表达差异

目的：建立骨骼肌蛋白分离的双向电泳（2-DE）技术体系，分析趾长伸肌与比目鱼肌中快慢肌蛋白的表达。方法：提取大鼠趾长伸肌和比目鱼肌的总蛋白，定量，然后进行第一向等电聚焦0EF）和第二向十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）技术分离总蛋白，GS-800获得凝胶图像，并测量不同凝胶间蛋白斑点在IEF和SDS-PAGE方向上的位置偏差，使用PDQuest7．3软件对凝胶图像进行分析，找出趾长伸肌与比目鱼肌蛋白表达的差异。结果：在趾长伸肌和比目鱼肌组织的蛋白表达谱上，分别检测到680±19和660±27个蛋白点，平均匹配点数为590±13和580±17，匹配率达86．7％和87．8％，不同凝胶间蛋白质点在IEF方向的偏差为（0．51±0．48）mm，在SDS-PAGE方向上的偏差为（0．53±0．42）mm，对比分析趾长伸肌和比目鱼肌组织的2-DE图谱，发现有27个点存在明显的表达差异，在比目鱼肌中高表达的点有12个，在趾长伸肌中高表达的点有15个。结论：建立了骨骼肌蛋白分离的双向电泳技术体系，发现成年大鼠趾长伸肌和比目鱼肌的双向电泳图谱相似，但是有部分蛋白质点存在表达差异．这些差异表达的蛋白，可能与快慢肌本身的生理特性相关。     

趾长伸肌腱及其滑液囊血管的应用解剖

用40例新鲜成人尸体足标本,作巨微解剖.透明标本和组织切片方法,测量了趾长伸肌腱各项数据,详细报道了其系膜的分支及位置.趾长伸肌腱囊外近侧段的血供为肌血管的延伸;滑液囊及肌腱囊内段血供主要来自胫前动脉、跗上外侧动脉和足背动脉;肌腱囊外远侧段血供来自跖骨背侧动脉。临床切取不同部位带血管蒂趾长伸肌腱时可以此为据.本文还特别强调了跗上外侧动脉在切取滑液囊肌腱复合瓣中的作用.     

Immobilization atrophy and membrane properties in rat skeletal muscle fibres

Wet mass, resting membrane potential, frequency of miniature end-plate potentials and the concentration of [³H]ouabain-binding sites were studied after 7 days' immobilization of the rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in the shortened or stretched position and after 3 and 7 days of remobilization. We observed that the loss of muscle mass by 37% in the rat soleus immobilized for 7 days in the shortened position is accompanied by a membrane depolarization of about 5 mV, a decrease in frequency of miniature end-plate potentials by 60 % and a decrease of [³H]ouabain binding by 25%. Only minor changes were found in stretched soleus and in shortened and stretched EDL. After 3 days of remobilization of stretched soleus the muscle mass, [³H]ouabain binding and miniature end-plate potential frequency recovered to control values but the resting membrane potential continued to decrease. All changes induced by immobilization disappeared on day 7 of remobilization.     

Suspension arthroplasty using the palmaris longus tendon with a suture button for thumb trapeziometacarpal arthritis: a retrospective observational study

BackgroundThis study was performed to assess the clinical and radiographic results at a minimum of 2 years after ligament reconstruction suspension arthroplasty (LRSA) that comprised full trapeziectomy and suspensionplasty using the palmaris longus tendon and the Mini TightRope (Arthrex, Naples, FL) for advanced thumb carpometacarpal arthritis.MethodsWe clinically and radiographically evaluated 26 thumbs in 26 patients who had undergone LRSA at least 2 years previously. The mean follow-up period was 35.9 months. We evaluated the subjective clinical outcomes (visual analogue scale and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores) and objective clinical outcomes (range of motion, pinch strength, grip strength, and trapezial space height ratio).ResultsAt the final follow-up evaluation, the mean visual analogue scale score was 11.1 (standard deviation (SD) 13.4) and the mean Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire score was 9.39 (SD 10.1). The mean palmar and radial abduction were 62.3° (SD 11.8°) and 63.8° (SD 9.09°), respectively. The mean key pinch and grip strength were 3.92 (SD 1.07) kg and 19.7 (SD 7.77) kg, respectively. The mean trapezial space ratio was 0.21 (SD 0.10). The subjective clinical outcomes, range of motion, and pinch strength were significantly improved compared with preoperatively.ConclusionsLRSA for advanced-stage thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis relieves pain, improves range of motion and strength, and obtains favourable subjective patient-reported clinical outcomes.     

Nerve transfer in the spastic equino varus foot: Anatomical feasibility study

PurposeWe want to evaluate the feasibility of transferring a motor branch of the anterior tibial muscle (ATM) to the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) to evaluate this procedure in patients with spastic equinovarus foot (EVF) following post-stroke hemiplegia.MethodsTen cadaveric dissections from five fresh frozen human cadavers were performed to establish the anatomic feasibility of transferring a motor branch of the deep peroneal nerve, usually destinated to the ATM, to the branch of the EDL to manage spastic EVF.ResultsSix cases (60%) presented three branches destinated to the ATM, one case (10%) presented give branches, and three cases (30%) had four branches. In all specimens, the coaptation between the motor branch to the ATM, referred as the “effector” branch, and the branch of the EDL “receiver” branch was feasible without tension and did not require any intraneural dissection.ConclusionThis anatomical study confirms the feasibility of transferring a motor branch from the ATM to the EDL to correct a spastic EVF.     

Adductor magnus: Extending the knowledge – A short review of structure and function

Adductor Magnus, the largest single contributor to the adductor group of the medial thigh, is a broad functioning muscle with significant contribution to not only adduction, but extension and rotation at the hip. The aim of this review is to investigate the terminology, anatomical and functional characteristics of AM, particularly its role as an extensor and stabiliser at the hip. AM is anatomically divided into four portions: AM1 through AM4; and functionally divided into two portions: anterior and posterior. Functionally, through a range of activities AM has significant contribution to extension and rotation, and in some scenarios may generate greater hip extension torque than the hamstring group. Rehabilitation exercises should consider compound exercises including hip hinge, squatting and lunge variations to highly activate AM. This review suggests that AM, due to its unique anatomical and functional capabilities should be viewed as a primary extensor amongst a range of tasks and as such, injury identification and rehabilitation should include extension-based testing and resistance exercises to ensure optimal outcomes.