髋臼骨关节面形态特征的研究

髋臼骨关节面生物形态特征的研究将有助于通过建立更为精确的髋臼三维模型来分析髋关节的生物力学性能 ,具有重要的临床意义。但在以往的研究中 ,髋臼骨关节面大多被简单认定为一球面。本研究通过三维激光扫描获取髋臼的三维形态数据 -点云数据 ,运用反球工程技术结合优化拟合算法 ,分别用球面和旋转椭球面逐步逼近原始的髋臼骨关节面 ,获得最佳的髋臼骨关节面匹配模型 ,分析比较此二项匹配模型间的匹配误差。对 15例髋骨的统计测量结果表明 ,旋转椭球面的匹配误差显著小于球面的匹配误差 ,其中拟合球半径平均值为 2 4 .37±2 .2 2 mm,拟合旋转椭球面长轴 (髋臼左右方向 )平均值为 2 6 .0 2± 2 .76 mm,短轴 (髋臼前后方向 )平均值为 2 4 .17± 2 .16 mm。该项研究首次对髋臼骨关节面形态作了定量的分析 ,有助于我们对髋臼骨形态的重新认识 ,进而为一系列以其为基础的相关研究及应用提供重要的参考     

Spatial arrangements of responses by cells in the cat visual cortex to light and dark bars and edges

Summary Detailed examination is made of the responses of visual cortical cells (area 17, border 17–18 and adjacent area 18) in the anaesthetized cat to stationary flashing bars and to bars (lines) and edges moving at their optimal velocities. Particular attention is given to the receptive field organization of cells in the simple family. While there is good general agreement between the main receptive field subregions revealed by stationary and moving stimuli, the responses to moving light and dark bars, supplemented by the responses to moving light and dark edges, provide a much more rapid, accurate and complete guide to the spatial organization of the receptive fields than do the response profiles to a stationary flashing bar. Moving light and dark bars between them generally reveal more subregions in the receptive fields of simple cells than is evident from the response profiles to a stationary flashing bar, particularly when the receptive fields have many subregions. In addition the responses to moving edges provide a rapid guide to spatial summation across the width of a subregion and the possible antagonistic effects of the next subregion in sequence.Two subclasses of cells in the simple family have been recognized: ordinary simple and fast simple cells. Two cell classes (A-cells and silent periodic cells) having properties intermediate between simple and complex types are discriminated and their properties described.     

Ectodermal dysplasias: Classification and organization by phenotype,genotype and molecular pathway

An international advisory group met at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland in 2017, to discuss a new classification system for the ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) that would integrate both clinical and molecular information. We propose the following, a working definition of the EDs building on previous classification systems and incorporating current approaches to diagnosis: EDs are genetic conditions affecting the development and/or homeostasis of two or more ectodermal derivatives, including hair, teeth, nails, and certain glands. Genetic variations in genes known to be associated with EDs that affect only one derivative of the ectoderm (attenuated phenotype) will be grouped as non‐syndromic traits of the causative gene (e.g., non‐syndromic hypodontia or missing teeth associated with pathogenic variants of EDA “ectodysplasin”). Information for categorization and cataloging includes the phenotypic features, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man number, mode of inheritance, genetic alteration, major developmental pathways involved (e.g., EDA, WNT “wingless‐type,” TP63 “tumor protein p63”) or the components of complex molecular structures (e.g., connexins, keratins, cadherins).     

Collagen fibrils of osteoid in osteogenesis imperfecta: Morphometrical analysis of the fibril diameter

Comprehensive electron-microscopic studies showed that the structure of the collagen fibrils in the osteoid is not uniform. In 82 cases of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), the diameter of the collagen fibrils was determined mor-phometrically under standardized magnification. The morphometric investigations of collagen fibrils of the osteoid in OI show clear differences in the four subtypes and in comparison with the control group.     

A Consideration on the new classification of latest lung ventilators

Concerning the classification of ventilators, Elam (1958), Faireley (1959), and Hunter (1961) reported some simple ones such as pressure limited, volume limited, pressure preset, or volume preset models. Mapleson (1969) also classified them by the generating force or cycling together with the above-mentioned types.The latest ventilators applicable to patients with respiratory failure usually have some cut-off function at high airway pressures as a safety measure. Therefore, all of them belong to the pressure limited type. Some ventilators are of two types such as the time cycled and pressure cycled type.Therefore, we attempted to classify ventilators into four groups, i.e. the time cycled, volume cycled, pressure cycled and selective time-pressure cycled types according to the fundamental mode of ventilator function, the so-called change of cycling from inspiration to expiration. Each group was further divided into subgroups according to preset dials such as respiratory rate, I/E ratio, inspiration time, expiration time, tidal volume, flow rate and airway pressure.By this method, fifty one ventilators on the market in Japan can be classified without overlapping. Although this classification seems complex, it will be of use in selecting ventilators by emphasizing preset dials according to the users needs, ability or both.(Goto Y, Takahashi K, Harada J et al.: A consideration on the new classification of latest lung ventilators. J Anesth 1: 178–182, 1987)     

The Oxford Clinical Cataract Classification and Grading System

A composite slit-lamp based system for the clinical classification and grading of cataract is described. Cataract features are classified morphologically, and individual features are graded by comparison with standard diagrams mounted adjacent to the slit-lamp. Attention has been paid to relevant aspects of measurement theory, with equal interval steps between the grades. The image degrading effect of the cataract is assessed using a resolution target projection ophthalmoscope. The method may be used in conjunction with photographic and image analysing techniques.     

超声弹性成像联合BI-RADS分类在乳腺微小癌诊断中的临床价值

目的:探讨在乳腺微小癌诊断中联合应用超声弹性成像及数据系统(BI-RADS)分类的临床价值。方法:选择2018年3月~2019年3月本院接收的疑似乳腺微小癌的96例患者作为研究对象。均进行超声弹性成像检查、BI-RADS分类,以病理检查结果为诊断金标准,比较单项检查与联合检查的准确率、灵敏度、特异度。结果:数据显示,在96例疑似乳腺微小癌患者中,共80例患者经病理检查确诊为乳腺微小癌,同时乳腺钼靶联合超声检查的准确性、灵敏度均高于单项检测,数据之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,单项与联合检测的特异度对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在乳腺微小癌诊断中联合应用超声弹性成像及BI-RADS分类检查,可有效提高诊断准确性及灵敏度,对早期疾病诊断、临床治疗具有重要意义。     

沈阳地区76例非何杰金淋巴瘤的分类及其免疫表型病理分析

目的：探讨我国沈阳地区非何杰金淋巴瘤（NHL）的病理特点及免疫组化表型分析。方法：对76例NHL按照WHO新分类进行病理观察和10种抗体免疫表型测定。结果：B系占78．9％,其中弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBL）最多;其次为MALT型（＋／－单核细胞样B细胞）及淋巴浆细胞性淋巴瘤（LPL）。T系占21．1％,以外周T非特殊型最多。CD79a对B－NHL染色阳性率达100％,未见与T细胞的交叉反应。CD3对T－NHL染色阳性率为88％,与B细胞仅有5％的交叉反应。结论：我国沈阳地区NHL以DLBL和外周T非特殊型为最多见,结内单核B和淋巴浆细胞性比例较高。CD79a和CD3分别是具有高度敏感性和特异性的B、T细胞标志抗体。     

The clinical impact of Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System classification in patients with haemospermia undergoing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate

In this study, we evaluated the role of the Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) classification of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to determine the likelihood of prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with haemospermia. Fifty-one patients presenting with haemospermia between 2018 and 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Forty-two of the patients (82.4%) were over 40 years, and the median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 1.4 ng/ml. Fourteen of the patients (27.5%) had recurrent haemospermia. All patients underwent mpMRI, and assessments were classified according to PI-RADS v2. The mpMRI revealed PI-RADS one to four lesions in 10 (19.6%), 30 (58.8%), 6 (11.8%) and 5 (9.8%) patients respectively. One patient with PI-RADS 3 and five with PI-RADS 4 lesions underwent cognitive fusion prostate biopsy depending on MRI findings, and two patients with PI-RADS 4 lesions were diagnosed with PCa. Patients with haemospermia and risk factors, that is aged over 40 years, a high PSA level or familial history of PCa, need a more thorough evaluation with mpMRI.