食蟹猴年龄相关的运动功能减退及其与纹状体多巴胺转运体的关系

目的研究食蟹猴老化过程中运动行为和脑内纹状体多巴胺系统功能变化及两者之间的相关关系。方法选取4岁、10岁和15岁3个年龄组的健康食蟹猴共29只,利用计算机化的网络摄像头视频检测系统和行为分析软件连续采集和分析每个动物8h随意运动活动总量,各年龄组分别选取4只动物用多巴胺转运体(DAT)配体99mTc-TRODAT-1结合单光子发射体层摄影术(SPECT)显像观察脑内纹状体多巴胺转运体放射性摄取率的变化。结果在4岁、10岁和15岁年龄组,8h随意运动活动总量(×106)分别为5·00±1·93,3·28±1·02,2·79±0·67,在10岁和15岁较之4随年龄组分别降低了34·50%和55·71%(P<0·05,P<0·01),但此两个年龄组运动活动总量无显著差异(P>0·05);纹状体99mTc-TRODAT-1放射性摄取率分别为2·98±0·08,2·56±0·12和2·27±0·35,10岁和15岁较之4随年龄组分别降低了14·00%和25·60%,但仅4岁与15岁年龄组存在显著相关关系(P<0·01)。二者均随着年龄的增长呈逐渐减低的趋势,直线回归分析显示两者分别与年龄呈负相关关系(r=-0·57,P=0·001;r=-0·86,P<0·01)。8h随意运动活动总量与纹状体99mTc-TRODAT-1放射性摄取率呈显著的正相关关系(r=0·70,P<0·05)。结论正常食蟹猴老化过程中,脑内多巴胺神经系统功能的减退伴随着运动行为的减少,两者之间的相关关系进一步佐证了运动功能的减退可能是由于纹状体内多巴胺神经元功能减退所致。     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白、内毒素与肝纤维化

目前胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白（insulin—like growth—factor—binding protein，IGFBPs）及其超家族功能的研究是国际上的热点。有研究表明IGFBPs与肝纤维化的发生有关，而临床检测和动物实验表明肠源性内毒素血症与肝纤维化的发生发展有着密切关系，同时有研究显示内毒素可诱导循环中某些IGFBPs和其肝脏基因的表达发生变化。     

PTEN及Bcl-2蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨PTEN及Bcl-2蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌的表达规律及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学链亲和素-生物素-霉复合物（SP）方法检测43例膀胱移行细胞癌和7例正常黏膜组织中PTEN及Bcl-2蛋白的表达．分析二者的表达与膀胱癌病理参数的关系。结果：（1）G1、G2、G3肿瘤PTEN表达阳性率分别为85．7％、80．4％、73．3％，浸润性肿瘤和表浅性肿瘤表达阳性率分别为70．4％和93．8％，说明PTEN表达阳性率与肿瘤病理分级、临床分期有关。（2）G。、G2、G3肿瘤Bcl-2表达阳性率分别为14．2％、57．14％、66．67％，浸润性肿瘤和表浅性肿瘤表达阳性率分别为59．3％和43．8％，说明Bcl-2表达阳性率与肿瘤病理分级、临床分期有关。（3）随着肿瘤恶性程度的增高和临床分期进展，PTEN蛋白阳性率呈下降，Bcl-2表达呈增高趋势，二者表达呈负相关关系。结论：PTEN的抑癌作用可能与Bcl-2有关．二者的异常表达在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。二者同时检测有助于判断预后。     

磺柳酸法在Array360全自动特定蛋白分析仪尿液测定中的应用

目的探讨磺柳酸法在Array360全自动特定蛋白分析仪尿液测定中的应用价值。方法用磺柳酸法对离心后的尿液样本中的蛋白质进行半定量测定,并用Array360全自动特定蛋白分析仪测定α1微球蛋白α1-MG、白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)在各个稀释度的测定范围,结合尿液蛋白质半定量结果和各个项目在不同稀释度的测定范围设定初始的标本稀释度。结果蛋白质半定量结果不同的尿液标本用Ar-ray360进行测定时,各个项目有其合适的初始标本稀释度。结论磺柳酸法在Array360全自动特定蛋白分析仪尿液的测定中有重要的应用价值,可大幅度节约试剂成本,缩短测定时间。     

骨髓干细胞参与小鼠急性肾小管坏死修复的实验研究

【摘要】 目的 观察在生理和病理情况下,骨髓来源的干细胞(BMSC)能否分化成肾小管上皮细胞。 方法 绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的C57BL/6转基因小鼠提供骨髓细胞。同种无荧光标记的C57BL/6小鼠100只分为正常对照组、全身照射组、缺血再灌注组、骨髓移植组、骨髓移植+缺血再灌注组。受体鼠的骨髓重建经血液常规检查和流式细胞仪检测确认,并采用荧光组织化学、免疫组织化学等方法观察绿色荧光标记的BMSC在受体鼠肾脏的分布及数量。 结果 全身致死剂量γ射线照射未造成小鼠肾脏组织结构和生理功能的明显改变。骨髓移植后第56、84天的受体鼠肾小管中有少量GFP阳性细胞的存在[(78.75±5.99)%、(79.58±4.60)%],激光共聚焦显微镜进一步证实这些细胞位于肾小管,并表达肾小管上皮细胞特异性的功能蛋白megalin。 结论 在生理和病理情况下,骨髓干细胞均可以向肾小管上皮细胞转分化,参与肾小管上皮细胞的更新,并且在急性肾小管坏死的病理条件下,骨髓干细胞的肾向转化率与肾脏受损程度有关。     

Clinical safety of enamel matrix derivative (EMDOGAIN®) in the treatment of periodontal defects

Abstract The aim of the present clinical trial was to test tolerability during 2 treatments with EMDOGAIN® in a large number of patients. An open, controlled study design in 10 Swedish specialist clinics was chosen, with a test group of 107 patients treated with EMDOGAIN® in connection with periodontal surgery at 2 surgical test sites per patient. The procedures were performed 2 to 6 weeks apart on one-rooted teeth with at least 4 mm deep intraosseous lesions. A control group of 33 patients underwent flap surgery without EMDOGAIN® at I comparable site. In total 214 test and 33 control surgeries were performed. Serum samples were obtained from test patients for analysis of total and specific antibody levels. 10 of the patients had samples taken before and after the first surgery. 56 other samples were taken after one treatment with EMDOGAIN®, and 63 after 2 treatments. None of the samples, not even from allergy-prone patients after 2 treatments, indicated deviations from established baseline ranges. This indicates that the immunogenic potential of EMDOGAIN® is extremely low when applied in conjunction with periodontal surgery. Comparison between the test and control groups demonstrated the same type and frequency of post-surgical experiences, i.e., reactions caused by the surgical procedure itself. Clinical probing and radiographic evaluation was performed at baseline and 8 months postsurgery. About half of the patients (44 test and 21 control) were also evaluated after 3 years. There was a significant difference between the test and control results at 8 months post surgery. and this difference had increased further at the 3 year follow-up. The 2.5–3 mm increase in attachment and bone level after treatment with EMDOGAIN® was of the same magnitude as seen in the studies with split-mouth design aiming for lest of effectiveness of EMDOGAIN®.     

Neuropathology of ALS: Spheroids

I briefly review spheroids observed in the anterior horns of the spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Spheroids are argentophilic bodies more than 20 μm in diameter. Recently, some connections between the proximal axonal swellings including spheroids and the perikarya have been reported in some ALS patients with a short clinical course or mild depletion of anterior horn neurons. Most of the cell bodies directly connected with the axonal swellings appear normal, and spheroids are considered to be one of the hallmarks of the early histological changes in this disorder. Spheroids are strongly positive with anti-phosphorylated neurofilament antibody, and are also positive with calcitonin gene-related peptide and anti-peripherin antibody. Some spheroids are immunostained with anti-synaptophysin antibody and anti-ubiquitin antibody. Spheroids are not immunostained with anti-phosphorylated tau antibody, or high molecular weight microtubule associated proteins. Electron microscopically, spheroids are usually composed of densely packed accumulation of 10 nm neurofilaments with a variety of orientations, plus vesicles, dense bodies and mitochondria. When the swellings of the initial segment is relatively pronounced, the undercoating is obscured and the neurofilaments become interwoven in some parts. In the first internode of the myelinated axons, as the swellings become larger, the neurofilaments lose their parallel orientation and become intermingled. Large accumulation of neurofilaments resembling spheroids in the perikarya of large anterior horn cells suggests that spheroids could be derived not only from the axon including the proximal portion, but also from the perikarya. Structures apparently identical to axonal spheroids are observed at the light and electron microscopic levels in the proximal portion of axons of anterior horn cells in animal models intoxicated with β, β'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), or with aluminum, in hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy (HCSMA). The pathogenetic mechanism is probably associated with an impairment in slow axonal transport which particularly affects the neurofilaments in IDPN and aluminum intoxication. Impairment of slow axonal transport of neurofilaments also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The average diameter of even normalappearing initial segment is larger in ALS than in the controls. The perikarya connected with the swollen proximal axons and their dendrites almost always appear normal. These findings suggest that the slow axonal transport of neurofilaments is probably impaired in this portion of the axon at an early stage in ALS as well as animal models for human ALS. However, techniques to analyze slow axonal transport in humans still remain tobe developed. Recently, overexpression of neurofilament subunits in transgenic mice produces a condition resembling ALS. The transgenic model may offer an interesting perspective not only for testing therapeutic strategies but also for investigating in a systematic way the various genetic and environment factors controlling the onset and progression of the disease and might yield new insights on the etiology of ALS.     

胃粘膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤MAPK和Stat3磷酸化及cyclinD1蛋白表达的意义

目的:研究胃粘膜相关淋巴组织型(MALT)淋巴瘤MAPK和Stat3磷酸化与cyclinD1蛋白表达及其意义。方法:利用免疫组织化学方法检测了45例胃MALT淋巴瘤MAPK和Stat3磷酸化及cyclinD1蛋白的表达。结果:在胃MALT淋巴瘤中p-MAPK、p-Stat3及cyclinD1蛋白的阳性率分别为73.3%(33/45)、64.4%(29/45)和68.9%(31/45);低度恶性组p-MAPK和cyclinD1蛋白的阳性表达强度明显高于高度恶性组(P<0.01),而p-Stat3表达强度无明显差异(P>0.05);在低度和高度恶性胃MALT淋巴瘤中p-MAPK和cyclinD1蛋白的阳性信号强度均呈明显的正相关(r=0.6572和0.6823,P<0.01),而p-Stat3与cyclinD1蛋白表达未见明显相关性(r=0.1927,P>0.05)。结论:提示MAPK磷酸化在胃MALT淋巴瘤中发生及演进过程中起重要作用,但Stat3的磷酸化可能与该肿瘤的恶性演进关系不明显;在胃MALT淋巴瘤的发生与发展中,p-MAPK可诱导cyclinD1过度表达,从而促使该肿瘤细胞维持高增殖状态。