神经内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路治疗鞍区肿瘤

目的探讨神经内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路切除鞍区肿瘤的方法和优势。方法回顾性分析30例鞍区肿瘤病人的临床资料,垂体腺瘤26例(其中无功能垂体腺瘤6例、泌乳素瘤16例、垂体生长激素腺瘤4例),拉克囊肿1例,胆脂瘤1例,脑膜瘤1例,颅咽管瘤1例。采用神经内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切27例,部分切除3例。术后3例发生脑脊液鼻漏,经腰大池持续引流后痊愈。无死亡病例。随访3~6个月,病人恢复良好。结论在神经内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路治疗鞍区肿瘤,较单纯的显微镜手术治疗创伤更小,肿瘤全切率更高。     

单侧Poppen入路切除松果体区脑膜瘤(附16例报告)

目的总结单侧Poppen入路显微手术治疗松果体区脑膜瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2013年7月收治16例松果体区脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,均采用显微手术切除肿瘤,其中经右侧Poppen入路13例、左侧人路3例,术中行脑室引流术处理脑积水4例。结果肿瘤全切除12例,次全切除3例,大部分切除1例。病理学诊断均为脑膜瘤。术后发生同向偏盲2例,Parinaud综合征加重1例,复视加重1例。11例（全切8例,未全切3例）术后随访0．5—4年,全切患者均恢复;未全切患者行放疗,随访肿瘤无进展。结论单侧Poppen入路显微手术适用于大部分中小型松果体区脑膜瘤;对于体积较大或者对侧侵袭较多的脑膜瘤,因显露不完全而难以全切,小脑幕上下或者大脑镰两侧联合入路可作为备选方案。术中或术前行脑室外引流术可增加术中显露程度,提高手术效果。     

脑干肿瘤外科干预的临床意义

目的探讨脑干肿瘤外科干预的临床意义及手术适应证、手术入路的选择及手术技巧。方法对11例经头部MRI诊断为脑干肿瘤患者采用不同的手术入路施行肿瘤切除。后正中入路5例,乙状窦后入路3例,乙状窦前入路2例,颞下入路1例。术后行适形放疗3例,替莫唑胺(TMZ)口服化疗3例,宁得朗(ACNU)+顺铂(DDP)化疗2例。结果其中全切4例(2例胶质瘤,2例海绵状血管瘤),近全切4例(2例胶质瘤,1例生殖细胞瘤,1例胆脂瘤),大部分切除2例(均是胶质瘤),活检1例(胶质瘤)。无手术死亡,除1例6个月死于肿瘤进展外其他患者均存活。结论脑干肿瘤的组织学类型及部位与手术切除程度密切相关,手术对脑干良性肿瘤及局限性分化良好胶质瘤效果满意,对一些恶性肿瘤可减少瘤体积,减轻症状,为下一步综合治疗创造机会。但对弥漫型生长的胶质瘤效果不佳,对术前已行放射治疗的脑干胶质瘤手术应慎重。对手术有残留的术后辅助放射治疗及化疗是有必要的。     

改良电休克治疗中呼吸机的应用

目的 比较改良电休克治疗中呼吸机和简易呼吸器的应用.方法 应用心电监护仪监测患者的血氧饱和度、心率,观察患者的意识和呼吸恢复时间;应用"作业疲劳症状自评量表"(WRFFQ)评价工作人员的疲劳程度.结果 在改良电休克治疗中应用呼吸机能够快速提高患者的血氧饱和度,作业疲劳症状自评量表显示应用呼吸机和简易呼吸器科室工作人员的疲劳程度有明显的不同.结论 改良电休克治疗中应用呼吸机代替简易呼吸器能够使改良电休克治疗更加安全有效,减轻工作人员的劳动强度.     

Sensitive skin evaluation in the Japanese population

Sensitive skin syndrome was first described in 1977; however, no robust study has been carried out to evaluate its prevalence in Japan. A national representative sample of the Japanese population over the age of 18 years was taken. Individuals were questioned by telephone and selected according to the quota method. When asked “Do you have a sensitive skin?”, 52.84% of men and 55.98% of women answered “rather sensitive” or “very sensitive”. There was no significant difference (P = 0.22) between the two sexes. The non‐response rate among respondents was zero, suggesting that the term “sensitive skin” held a meaning for the majority of the population. Concerning questions about the onset of a rash, tingling or irritation in the presence of various factors, such as emotional issues, cold, heat, sun, dry air, air‐conditioning, water, air pollution and temperature variations, respondents with rather sensitive or very sensitive skin responded “yes” more often than others: approximately three‐times more often for water (18.97%/6.15%), air pollution (39.29%/12.45%) and warm climatic conditions (29.74%/9.8%). To our knowledge, this epidemiological study is the first to focus on sensitive skin among Japanese people of this century. It is of particular interest for two reasons: (i) it was conducted on a representative sample of the Japanese population; and (ii) the methodology used was identical to that used for sensitive skin assessment studies conducted in Europe and the USA, making it possible to draw certain comparisons.     

鼻综合整形的方法探讨及效果评价

目的：探讨鼻综合整形的手术方法并评价其临床效果。方法：根据外鼻形态的具体缺陷情况,同时采用假体隆鼻、鼻头缩小、鼻翼缩小、耳软骨鼻尖延长、鼻小柱延长等多项技术中的二项以上进行鼻整形手术。结果：2007年3月～2010年4月对307例患者采用上述方法行鼻整形术,术后均获明显改善效果。随访6个月～2年,其中1例于半年后发生感染而取出鼻假体,其余就医者对效果均感满意,形态自然,切口瘢痕不明显。结论：鼻综合整形能从全方位改善外鼻不良形态从而增加鼻部整体美感。术中均衡考虑不同部位手术之间的相互影响关系,是把握手术整体成形效果的关键。     

Assessment of Adaptive Transportation Technology: A Survey of Users and Equipment Vendors

In order to define the state of adaptive transportation equipment, wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI) and equipment vendors were surveyed about equipment, funding, maintenance, and repair. SCI registries from two states, Virginia and Arkansas, were used to create the sample pool of users and 225 responses were received. A list of equipment vendors and vehicle modifiers was compiled from several national resources, and 123 responses were received from 36 states. User respondents were generally satisfied with their adaptive equipment, which typically required only minor inexpensive (<$100) repairs, if any. Personal or family money was used by over 90% of the respondents for equipment funding. Vendors reported that a substantial amount of custom modification or fabrication of equipment is required to meet the needs of their clients. Lifts, external controls, and six-way power seats were cited by vendors as the equipment requiring the most frequent repair. The survey results provide an examination of the opinions and experiences of users and vendors of adaptive transportation equipment, which should prove useful to those involved in evaluating equipment, equipment availability, and the need for industry-wide standards.     

The posterior approach to pelvic ring injuries: A technique for minimizing soft tissue complications

Surgical techniques and fixation strategies for the treatment of unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries continue to evolve. The safety of the posterior surgical approach in particular has been questioned due to historically high rates of wound related complications. More contemporary studies have shown lower infection rates, however concern still persists. These concerns for infection and wound necrosis have led, in part, to increased interest in closed reduction and percutaneous fixation for treatment of these injuries but an open posterior approach remains the optimal strategy in some injury patterns. We describe herein a modified posterior approach to the pelvis designed to minimize wound related complications and present our clinical results demonstrating wound complication rates consistent with contemporary publications.     

A New Experimental Model for Simultaneous Evaluation of Aortic and Pulmonary Allograft Performance in a Composite Graft

A model was developed in pigs for simultaneous evaluation of aortic and pulmonary allograft performance in a composite graft. The composite graft consisted of vascular prosthesis and aortic and pulmonary allografts. Following antibiotic preservation, it was anastomosed to the recipient's thoracic descending aorta by an extrapleural approach without using cardiopulmonary bypass. Aortic blood flow was completely diverted into the composite graft. All 12 recipient pigs recovered well, 4 of which were assigned for the initial study to design the suitable experimental schedule. Calcification readily occurred in the aortic allografts and aneurysmal dilatation without calcvication developed in the pulmonary allografts. These morphological findings were consistent with those of previous reports. This model has several benefits. First, aortic and pulmonary allograft conduits can be implanted and evaluated simultaneously under the same conditions by making a composite graft. Second, the magnitude of the operation is minimum, and postoperative circulatory and respiratory management is uncomplicated. Third, wound infection rarely occurs, because the skin incision is made on the back. These preliminary studies suggest that this model will allow future study concerning aortic and pulmonary allograft conduits under different conditions