National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC) was to collect basic data on the nutrition, development, and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based, reliable, and cost-effective approaches. Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions (south, southwest, north, northwest, eastern, central, and northeast China) in China were recruited. A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used. Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions, from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts. Dietary surveys, health examinations, laboratory testing, and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake, nutritional status, child development, and health status information. Nutrition, health, and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) survey. Greater than 100,000 children (38,000 children < 6 years of age and 66,000 children 6-17 years of age) completed the survey. The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.     

NNMT基因启动子双荧光素酶报告系统的构建及其与SND1靶向关系的验证

目的:构建尼克酰胺-N-甲基转移酶（NNMT）启动子区的双荧光素酶报告质粒并检测其活性,从而验证SND1蛋白对NNMT基因的调控作用。方法:根据NNMT基因启动子区上、下游-1 500至+200区间的序列设计引物,并以HepG2细胞提取的RNA逆转录得到cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到的NNMT启动子区片段经酶切后连接到双荧光素报告载体GLuc-ONTM启动子报告克隆中,得到Gluc-NNMT 启动子重组质粒,分别与pLVX-IRES-Puro-Flag-SND1质粒和pLVX-IRES-Puro-vector质粒共同转染HeLa细胞,并检测启动子活性。然后用免疫共沉淀的方法验证NNMT蛋白是否与SND1蛋白之间存在相互作用。结果:重组质粒构建成功。双荧光素酶活性实验显示,共转染Gluc-NNMT启动子重组质粒和pLVX-IRES-Puro-Flag-SND1过表达质粒的实验组与对照组相比,NNMT启动子区活性明显增强。结合免疫共沉淀实验结果,证明NNMT与SND1存在相互作用。结论:成功构建了NNMT启动子双荧光素酶报告质粒,SND1对NNMT启动子活性有增强作用,SND1与NNMT蛋白之间存在相互作用。     

PRECEDE-PROCEED模式在护理评估中的应用

PRECEDE-PROCEED模式在指导健康促进的临床、教育及科研工作中起着至关重要的作用。以“提高社区老龄糖尿病人群的生活质量”为例，从该模式的产生、模式评估步骤分析及模式的应用方面，详细分析了PRECEDE-PROCEED模式的结构及其在护理评估中的应用，为护理同行了解PRECEDE-PROCEED模式提供帮助。     

大剂量中西药物硬膜外腔灌注治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的临床研究

目的观察大剂量中西药物硬膜外腔灌注治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的临床效果。方法以2005-01—2006-10中西药物硬膜外腔灌注治疗椎动脉型颈椎病119例为研究对象，随机分为大剂量中西药物硬膜外腔灌注治疗组（89例）和单纯静脉注射用药治疗对照组（30例），分别观察和记录治疗前后临床主要自觉症状的模拟评分，评定治疗效果。结果大剂量硬膜外腔灌注结束时即刻开始观察，治疗后所有临床主要自觉症状的模拟评分较治疗前均显著降低（P〈0．01）；与对照组比较，各观察阶段均有显著疗效。结论大剂量中西药物硬膜外腔灌注治疗颈椎病有令人满意的的疗效。     

X-刀治疗颅内肿瘤56例临床分析

目的探讨X-刀治疗颅内肿瘤的疗效及并发症。方法自2001年元月至2001年12月，共收治颅内肿瘤病人56例，其中男性30例，女性26例，年龄9—68岁，平均45．6岁。病变位于大脑半球深部者32例，鞍区16例，脑干肿瘤8例；肿瘤直径1—5cm。影像学或病理分类：脑转移瘤29例，脑胶质瘤12例，垂体瘤11例，脑膜瘤4例。全部病例均采用德国siemens直线加速器和Bmi。LAB X-刀治疗计划系统，进行立体定向分次放疗，5—8Gy／次，2—3次／周，共3-8次／1-3周，剂量范围相当于常规分割50～72Gy。结果全部56例患者中，有效率达85．7％（48／56）；颅内高压为最常见的副反应，占46.4％（26／56）。结论X-刀是治疗颅内肿瘤的一种安全有效的方法。     

Fish-oil emulsion (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) attenuates acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia–reperfusion through Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase–sirtuin1 pathway

Background

Activated macrophage infiltration into the lungs is paramount in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) is a potent activator of the Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase–sirtuin1 (AMPK/SIRT1) pathway against macrophage inflammation. We aimed to evaluate whether ω-3 PUFAs may protect against ALI induced by intestinal I/R via the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.

Methods

Ischemia in male Wistar rats was induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min and reperfusion for 240 min. One milliliter per day of fish-oil emulsion (FO emulsion, containing major ingredients as ω-3 PUFAs) or normal saline (control) was administered by intraperitoneal injection for three consecutive days to each animal. All animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion. Blood and tissue samples were collected for analysis.

Results

Intestinal I/R caused intestinal and lung injury, evidenced by severe lung tissue edema and macrophage infiltration. Pretreatment with FO emulsion improved the integrity of microscopic structures in the intestine and lungs. Intestinal I/R induced the expression of macrophage-derived mediators (macrophage migration inhibitory factor and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1), inflammatory factors (nuclear factor κB, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1β), and proapoptosis factor p66shc. There was a decrease in the expression of AMPK, SIRT1, and claudin 5. FO emulsion significantly inhibited macrophage infiltration into the lungs, inflammatory factor expression, and p66shc phosphorylation. Importantly, FO emulsion restored AMPK, SIRT1, and claudin 5 in the lungs.

Conclusions

Pretreatment with ω-3 PUFAs effectively protects intestinal and lung injury induced by intestinal I/R, reduces macrophage infiltration, suppresses inflammation, inhibits lung apoptosis, and improves the lung endothelial barrier after intestinal I/R in a manner dependent on AMPK/SIRT1. Thus, there is a potential for developing AMPK/SIRT1 as a novel target for patients with intestinal I/R–induced ALI.     

脑缺血再灌对小鼠学习记忆的影响及药物防护

在建立及管性学习记忆障碍模型的基础上，观察脑缺血再灌对小鼠学习记忆的影响及服用尼莫地平、７６４－３、醒脑灵对其的防护作用。重复脑缺血再灌可明显的降低动物的学习和记忆能力，并可通过药物改善小鼠学习记忆障碍的程度。