关节镜下double-needle缝线修复混合型半月板撕裂

目的探讨关节镜下采用double-needle缝线修复混合型半月板撕裂的疗效。方法 2006年4月-2011年1月,关节镜下采用double-needle缝线修复22例单膝混合型半月板撕裂。男14例,女8例;年龄18～41岁,平均31.3岁。均为运动损伤。受伤至入院时间为2 d～4年,中位时间11个月。膝关节功能根据国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分标准为(42.5±15.2)分,Lysholm评分为(45.5±13.5)分,Tegner评分为(2.9±1.6)分。17例合并前交叉韧带损伤。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无神经、血管损伤。患者均获随访,随访时间12～48个月,平均27.6个月。按照Barrett等的评定标准,19例半月板临床愈合,临床愈合率86%。末次随访时,患者膝关节活动度均恢复正常,IKDC评分为(77.1±8.9)分,Lysholm评分为(79.8±9.9)分,Tegner评分为(6.8±1.6)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下使用double-needle缝线由内向外修复混合型半月板撕裂固定牢固、疗效肯定。     

不同荷包高度对PPH术前后肛管直肠压力及疗效的影响

目的探讨痔PPH术中,不同荷包高度的选择对手术前后肛管直肠压力及疗效的影响。方法选择混合痔住院手术患者60例,随机分为3组,每组各20例,3组均采用PPH术,手术操作中采用不同荷包高度。分别对3组患者术中切除黏膜宽度、手术前后肛管直肠压力、术后并发症及疗效等指标进行临床观察统计。结果 3组患者的近期临床疗效、术中切除黏膜宽度、肛管静息压、术后疼痛及急便感的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PPH术中荷包高度选择在齿线上2～3cm,为适合国人的最佳PPH术选择荷包高度。肛管直肠测压为评定肛肠手术前后的肛管直肠动态功能提供科学客观的标准,对肛管直肠功能的鉴定有重要的指导意义,并可用于指导临床改进手术方式。     

自体微粒皮与异体脱细胞微粒真皮混合移植对大鼠创面纤维连接蛋白和层粘连蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨自体微粒皮与异体脱细胞微粒真皮混合移植对创面愈合的影响,并对有关机制做进一步研究.方法 Wistar大鼠作为供体,SD大鼠为受体,在SD大鼠背部建立全层皮肤损伤模型.90只SD大鼠分为5组,每组18只,第1组为自体微粒皮组;第2组为异体脱细胞微粒真皮移植组;第3、4、5组为混合移植组.混合移植组中自异体微粒皮的面积比例分别为:1∶1、1∶0.5、1∶0.25.术后第2、3、4周分别测量每组创面的愈合率,采集创面标本,做HE染色,检测纤维连接蛋白(FN)和层粘连蛋白(LN)、进行组间比较.结果 混合移植组与自体微粒皮移植组比较,混合移植组创面愈合率及FN、LN均高于自体微粒皮组,其中1∶0.25混合移植组最高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 混合移植创面愈合率高于自体微粒皮移植,且自体微粒皮与异体脱细胞微粒真皮混合移植的面积比例按1∶0.25效果最佳,这可能与创面纤维连接蛋白和层粘连蛋白升高有关.     

痔吻合器治疗46例重度痔临床体会

目的 探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）治疗痔的临床疗效。方法 总结46 例严重混合痔应用吻合器痔上黏膜环切术的临床资料,对其临床疗效进行评价。结果 46 例重度痔均一次性吻合成功,手术时间平均20 min,住院时间平均3.8d;随访平均13.4 个月,患者均无肛门失禁、肛门狭窄、肛周感染及复发。结论 吻合器痔上黏膜环切术治疗重度痔疗效确切、创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、住院时间短、复发率低,值得临床推广。     

外痔切除缝合内痔结扎术治疗混合痔100例临床观察

目的 提高混合痔手术疗效,缩短愈合时间,减轻患者痛苦.方法 随机将200例混合痔患者分为两组,试验组100例采用外痔切除缝合内痔结扎术,即将内痔结扎,外痔剥离切除后一期缝合切口.对照组100例采用传统Milligan-Morgan术.观察两组切口愈合时间,术后疼痛、水肿、出血等情况.结果 两组病例治愈率均达90%以上,差异无统计学意义.但两组在切口愈合时间、痛苦程度、并发症等方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组明显优于对照组.结论 与传统Milligan-Morgan术相比,外痔切除缝合内痔结扎术疗效肯定,愈合时间短,疼痛轻,术后并发症少.     

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells mediate acquired transplant tolerance

The Holy Grail of clinical organ transplantation is the safe induction of allograft tolerance. Transplant tolerance has been successfully induced in animal models. Since T cells play a pivotal role in graft rejection, modulating T cell function has been the primary focus of studies aimed at inducing transplant tolerance. Rodent models of transplant tolerance induction include central deletion and peripheral mechanisms involving activation-induced cell death (AICD), anergy, immune deviation, and production of regulatory T cells. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive. Although clonal deletion and anergy limit self-reactive T cells in the thymus, these mechanisms alone are not sufficient for controlling self-reactive T cells in the periphery. There is now evidence that the adult animal harbors two functionally distinct populations of CD4(+) T cells; one mediates autoimmune disease and the other dominantly inhibits it. The latter cells express CD4, CD25 and CTLA-4. These thymus-derived T cells have recently been shown to mediate the induction and maintenance of transplant tolerance. These CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells are similar in origin, phenotype, and function to those that maintain natural self-tolerance and T cell homeostasis in the periphery. Against this background, is it possible that alloantigen specific regulatory T cells might be generated and expanded ex vivo before organ transplantation and then infused to induce long-term tolerance, perhaps without the need for chronic immunosuppression?     

痔源性重度贫血原因的临床分析

目的 统计痔出血导致重度贫血在临床上的发生概率,探讨其可能好发的人群及其原因.方法 整理华中科技大学同济医学院附属荆州医院结直肠肛门外科近5年收治的所有痔患者的病历资料.按患者性别分为男性组及女性组;按患者居住环境分为城市组及农村组;按患者年龄分为青年组、中年组及老年组.将各组中合并重度贫血患者与不合并重度贫血患者进行比较分析.结果 2012年1月-2016年1月共收治痔患者2675例.合并有重度贫血患者42例,其发病率为1.57％;重度贫血患者中男性、女性患者分别为12、30例,城市及农村患者分别为9、33例,青年、中年及老年患者分别为31、5、6例.不合并有重度贫血患者2633例;其中男性、女性患者分别为1192、1441例,城市及农村患者分别为1061、1572例,青年、中年及老年患者分别为764、1071、798例.经x2检验,不同性别、居住环境、年龄差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),重度贫血的发生在女性较男性高,农村较城市高,青年发病率较中、老年升高.Logistic回归分析,可见居住环境、年龄是引起痔源性重度贫血的独立因素.结论 痔出血不能忽视,可导致重度贫血,好发于女性、农村及青年人群.     

PPH治疗混合痔合并直肠黏膜内脱垂34例临床观察

为探讨PPH治疗混合痔合并直肠黏膜内脱垂的可行性,采用国产吻合器治疗混合痔合并直肠黏膜内脱垂34例。结果显示．本组治愈率100％。术后发生肛门轻度疼痛3例,下腹部疼痛2例,尿潴留2例。平均住院6d,无肛门失禁、吻合口狭窄发生。结果表明,PPH治疗混合痔合并直肠黏膜内脱垂具有操作简单,安全有效、痛苦小,并发症少及恢复快等优点。     

Tumor characteristics and patient outcomes are similar between invasive lobular and mixed invasive ductal/lobular breast cancers but differ from pure invasive ductal breast cancers

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics associated with invasive lobular cancer (ILC) and mixed invasive ductal cancer (IDC) and ILC compared with IDC.

Methods

From 1996 to 2006, 4,336 patients with IDC, ILC, and mixed breast cancers were identified. Clinical variables were compared using χ² and Fisher's exact tests. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed.

Results

Patients included 3,595 (83%) with IDC, 480 (11%) with ILC, and 261 (6%) with mixed cancers. Patients with ILC and mixed cancers were more likely to have low-grade and estrogen-positive and progesterone-positive tumors but were diagnosed at higher stages of disease compared with patients with IDC (P < .05 for each). Patients with IDC had the poorest 5-year (80%) and 10-year (61%) survival compared with patients with ILC (87% and 68%) and mixed (84% and 69%) cancers (P = .029).

Conclusions

Although patients with ILC and “mixed” cancers are diagnosed with more advanced disease, their survival is superior to patients with IDC.     

Continuous Metabolic Monitoring in Infant Cardiac Surgery: Toward an Individualized Cardiopulmonary Bypass Strategy

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants is associated with morbidity due to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Strategies to mitigate SIRS include management of perfusion temperature, hemodilution, circuit miniaturization, and biocompatibility. Traditionally, perfusion parameters have been based on body weight. However, intraoperative monitoring of systemic and cerebral metabolic parameters suggest that often, nominal CPB flows may be overestimated. The aim of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of continuous metabolic monitoring to manage CPB in infants during open‐heart repair. Between December 2013 and October 2014, 31 consecutive neonates, infants, and young children undergoing surgery using normothermic CPB were enrolled. There were 18 male and 13 female infants, aged 1.4 ± 1.7 years, with a mean body weight of 7.8 ± 3.8 kg and body surface area of 0.39 m². The study was divided into two phases: (i) safety assessment; the first 20 patients were managed according to conventional CPB flows (150 mL/min/kg), except for a 20‐min test during which CPB was adjusted to the minimum flow to maintain MVO₂ >70% and rSO₂ >45% (group A); (ii) efficacy assessment; the following 11 patients were exclusively managed adjusting flows to maintain MVO2 >70% and rSO2 >45% for the entire duration of CPB (group B). Hemodynamic, metabolic, and clinical variables were compared within and between patient groups. Demographic variables were comparable in the two groups. In group A, the 20‐min test allowed reduction of CPB flows greater than 10%, with no impact on pH, blood gas exchange, and lactate. In group B, metabolic monitoring resulted in no significant variation of endpoint parameters, when compared with group A patients (standard CPB), except for a 10% reduction of nominal flows. There was no mortality and no neurologic morbidity in either group. Morbidity was comparable in the two groups, including: inotropic and/or mechanical circulatory support (8 vs. 1, group A vs. B, P = 0.07), reexploration for bleeding (1 vs. none, P = not significant [NS]), renal failure requiring dialysis (none vs. 1, P = NS), prolonged ventilation (9 vs. 4, P = NS), and sepsis (2 vs. 1, P = NS). The present study shows that normothermic CPB in neonates, infants, and young children can be safely managed exclusively by systemic and cerebral metabolic monitoring. This strategy allows reduction of at least 10% of predicted CPB flows under normothermia and may lay the ground for further tailoring of CPB parameters to individual patient needs.