急诊住院医师的教学查房模式

教学查房是床旁教学的一种重要手段,对住院医师进行教学查房能够有效提高住院医师的岗位胜任力和职业能力,培养急诊住院医师的急诊临床思维。近年来由于国家住院医师规范化培训改革在不断深入,对急诊住院医师的教学查房引起了人们的高度关注,然后在实际的急诊住院医师的教学查房中却还存在着诸多问题,教学查房与日常的临床查房概念混淆、教学查房准备不充分、教学查房目的不明确以及教学查房的互动性不强都严重影响了教学查房的质量。因此需要积极探究急诊住院医师的教学查房的有效模式,从而不断提升住院医师的临床实践能力。     

Análisis del tratamiento del prolapso de órganos pélvicos mediante colposacropexia mínimamente invasiva con 24 horas de ingreso

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to analyze the impact (in terms of safety and saving of hospital costs) of the implementation of a new protocol for the correction of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy (MISC) with 24-hour hospital stay.Material and methodsProspective observational study of the first 78 MISC procedures performed consecutively. 46 procedures (59%) were performed with 24-hour hospital stay, and 32 (41%) required more than 24 hours. The postoperative complications were determined for each group: visits to the Emergency Department, reoperations, and the average cost per procedure regarding hospital stay and ER visits. The cost model was established according to the data of the Analytical Accounting System of the Jiménez Díaz Foundation Hospital and of the Official State Gazette of Madrid.ResultsThere were no differences regarding intraoperative or postoperative complications between both groups. The number of visits to the Emergency Department, reinterventions or hospital re-admissions was lower in the 24-hour hospital stay group, without reaching statistical significance. The implementation of the MISC protocol with 24-hour hospital stay represented a saving of 607.91€ per procedure in hospital costs.ConclusionsCorrection of the POP with MISC with a 24-hour hospital discharge policy was feasible and safe in at least 59% of the patients, with similar complications, visits to the Emergency Department or hospital readmission rates.     

美国胃肠病协会关于急性胰腺炎胰腺坏死处理临床实践专家共识更新解读

美国胃肠病协会（AGA）于2019年8月在Gastroenterology（《胃肠病学》）杂志上发表了针对胰腺坏死处理的临床实践专家共识的更新，归纳并总结了当前的临床证据与专家意见，旨在为胰腺坏死这一复杂临床情况的最佳干预提供指导建议。近年来，随着临床实践的不断深入，急性胰腺炎胰腺坏死的处理经历了较大的变革。从一开始的以手术为主的清创策略过渡到现阶段较为成熟的升阶梯治疗模式。针对胰腺坏死的治疗主要包含两个方面：非手术治疗和有创干预。其中，非手术治疗主要包括抗菌治疗和营养支持等。一旦坏死组织发生感染或无菌性坏死使病人产生显著临床症状，提示有强烈干预指征时，此时更多地依赖于有创干预。升阶梯治疗模式的主要内容为：以经皮引流或透壁内镜引流为首要手段，对于引流无法处理的大量固体坏死，可进行经皮微创或经内镜下坏死清除，若微创手段干预无效可进行开放手术清创。关于选择经皮微创阶梯治疗还是经内镜阶梯治疗，目前尚无研究显示两者之间对病死率等主要临床结局产生影响，不同治疗中心可根据各中心的专业特长和医疗资源，合理选择治疗方案。     

《金匮要略》痈脓辨治探讨

回顾《内经》相关理论，指出痈脓病机关键在于气血凝滞、经络阻塞、脏腑失和，可分期论治。总结《金匮要略》治疗痈脓的方法，认为痈脓应尽早治疗，防邪深入；并根据证情辨证使用清热解毒，活血消散；排除脓毒，泄浊于外等治法。对现代临床仍具实用价值。      

全国著名骨伤专家梁铁民教授学术思想和正骨经验

总结了全国著名骨伤专家梁铁民教授的学术思想和正骨经验,简述了梁老生平。梁老学术思想表现在突出整体观念,主张辨证施术;注重调理气血,强调药物接续;重视望问切触量法五诊结合等三个方面。对于梁老正骨经验先进行了综合论述,进一步佐证其学术思想;后分别从小儿桡骨头半脱位、颈椎错位、胸腰椎小关节错位、肋骨骨折等梁老研究较深入和比较擅长的几个方面进行了阐述。特别是颈椎错位这种高难度高风险的手法操作,体现出梁老高超的手法技艺。     

Post-neoadjuvant strategies in breast cancer: From risk assessment to treatment escalation

The post-neoadjuvant setting in early breast cancer represents an attractive scenario for adjuvant clinical trials, offering the opportunity to test new drugs or combinations in high-risk patients who did not achieve pathologic complete response after primary treatment. No standard therapies are routinely proposed to patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and few trials have explored this setting. To date, only one randomized phase III study showed the benefit of additional capecitabine after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and international guidelines recommend at least to consider its use, particularly for triple negative breast cancer. Therefore, the management of these patients is still a clinical challenge, with limited data supporting the use of an additional adjuvant non-cross-resistant chemotherapy. Escalation strategies are currently under evaluation, with new agents proposed as supplementary post-neoadjuvant treatment (e.g. platinum salts, capecitabine, poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors). Based on these premises, selection criteria are critical to identify patients who may benefit from post-neoadjuvant therapies, through the validation of prognostic and predictive biomarkers for a reliable risk assessment and estimation of benefit.The present review summarizes the efforts in introducing new therapeutic options for patients with breast cancer and residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment, with a particular focus on the ongoing clinical trials and useful biomarkers for risk stratification.     

肝癌介入术治疗患者术中应用心理护理的效果

目的研究在肝癌介入术治疗患者中应用心理护理干预的临床价值。方法本文数据计算目标是2018年1月-2019年6月的60例肝癌介入术治疗患者,以随机数字表法的形式进行分组研究,常规组(n=30)开展一般护理干预,心理组(n=30)开展心理护理干预,比较心理组与常规组肝癌介入术治疗患者临床护理情况。结果心理组肝癌介入术治疗患者治疗后临床护理满意度、焦虑评分、抑郁评分与常规组比较,两组治疗后肝癌介入术治疗患者焦虑评分、抑郁评分与治疗前比较,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论将心理护理干预应用在肝癌介入术治疗患者中可提升护理满意度。