小切口泌尿外科手术43例分析

目的 总结小切口在泌尿外科手术中的临床应用经验.方法 应用小切口施行泌尿外科手术43例,其中肾上腺肿瘤手术5例,肾切除手术9例,(肾肿瘤3例,囊性肾病和无功能肾积水3例,肾结核2例,炎症性肾萎缩1例),肾囊肿去顶减压术13例,肾积水肾盂成型术4例,肾盂或输尿管上段切开取结石术12例.结果 43例手术均获成功,切口长3～8 cm,手术时间平均80 min,术中出血平均100ml,所有患者均未输血,无周围脏器损伤等严重并发症.术后住院5～7 d.结论 小切口泌尿外科手术具有创伤小、安全、恢复快等优点,无需特殊设备,易在基础医院推广.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical experiences of mini-incision urological surgery.Methods The clinical data of 43 patients who received mini-incision surgery were reviewed retrospectively.The subjects included 5 adrenal tumor excisions,9 nephrectomy,13 unroofing of solitary renal cyst,4 pyeloplasty.12 pyelolithotomy and ureterolithotomy.Results All surgical procedures were successful in the 43 cases.The length of the incision ranged from 3 to 8 cm.The average operation time was 80 minutes and average blood loss was 100 ml. No patients needed blood transfusion during the operation.No serious complications such as the surrounding organ damage happened.The postoperative hospitalization was 5-7 d. Conclusion Mini-incision approach for urological operation has the advantages of minimal invasion,safety,rapid recovery and no requirement for special equipments.Its easy to be popularized in the primary hospital.     

两种不同胆囊切除术治疗胆囊疾病的临床疗效观察

目的探讨两种不同的方法治疗胆囊疾病的临床效果。方法将2008年1月-2009年1月间在我院住院治疗的胆囊疾病患者60例分为观察组和对照组。对照组给予传统胆囊切除术，观察组给予小切口胆囊切除术，随访治疗效果。结果观察组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度方面明显低于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组患者在住院时间、下床时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素应用时间及镇痛药使用率方面明显低于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论小切口胆囊切除术治疗胆囊疾病具有诸多优点，值得推广应用。     

两种不同胆囊切除术治疗胆囊疾病的临床疗效观察

目的探讨两种不同的方法治疗胆囊疾病的临床效果。方法将2008年1月～2009年1月间在我院住院治疗的胆囊疾病患者60例分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予传统胆囊切除术,观察组给予小切口胆囊切除术,随访治疗效果。结果观察组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度方面明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者在住院时间、下床时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素应用时间及镇痛药使用率方面明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小切口胆囊切除术治疗胆囊疾病具有诸多优点,值得推广应用。     

小切口技术在全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的探讨后路小切口全髋关节置换术的可行性、操作方法及优缺点。方法自2003年8月~2004年12月,采用后路小切口进行全髋人工关节置换手术126例。结果切口长度8~11cm,平均9cm;单侧髋关节置换患者,术中出血量为250~360ml,平均330ml,术后出血量为290~360ml,平均340ml,双侧髋关节置换患者,术中出血量为480~710ml,平均610ml,术后出血量为450~600ml,平均520ml。术后3个月随访髋关节Harris评分为平均89·5分。结论后路小切口具有创伤小、出血少、患者易接受、手术切实可行及易于临床开展等优点,但应注意其适应证及容易发生的并发症。     

胆囊疾病不同手术方式的研究

目的　比较四种胆囊手术方式的优缺点 ,为临床选择术式做参考。方法　将传统胆囊切除术 78例、小切口胆囊切除术 14 5例、腹腔镜胆囊切除术 98例、改良经皮胆镜胆囊一期缝合术 4 5例四组的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症、胃肠功能恢复时间、输液天数、住院天数、医疗费用等指标进行对比。结果　传统胆囊切除术组无论手术时间、出血量、下床活动时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院天数等均明显高于其他组 (P <0 0 5 )。手术并发症小切口胆囊切除术及腹腔镜胆囊切除术组明显高于传统胆囊切除术及改良经皮胆镜胆囊一期缝合术组 (P <0 0 5 )。术后并发症腹腔镜胆囊切除术组 1例胆瘘和出血 ,而传统胆囊切除术组和小切口胆囊切除术组切口感染明显高于其他两组 (P <0 0 5 )。医疗费用腹腔镜胆囊切除术组明显高于其他组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　传统胆囊切除术作为最安全的手术方式在胆囊疾患的治疗中仍占有重要的地位。腹腔镜胆囊切除术、小切口胆囊切除术、改良经皮胆镜胆囊一期缝合术都是微创胆囊手术 ,是近年来的发展方向 ,每种手术方式都有其存在的价值 ,可根据患者病情、经济情况及设备情况 ,结合术者的经验 ,选择合适的术式。     

小切口胆囊切除术治疗老年人胆石症

目的　探讨老年人胆囊切除手术时机及手术方式的选择。　方法　手术治疗 6 5岁以上老年人胆石症 1395例 ,其中 135 6例采用 (4～ 6 )cm小切口胆囊切除术治疗。　结果　 135 6例小切口胆囊切除术成功 ,占本组手术 97.2 %。手术并发症为 2 .6 % ,无死亡 ,平均术后 6 .2天出院。　结论　老年人胆石症应尽早手术为宜。小切口胆囊切除术创伤小、术后恢复快 ,可作为首选术式。     

小切口阑尾切除术204例报告

目的探讨经右下腹小切口阑尾切除术的临床应用价值。方法回顾总结我院204例经右下腹小切口行阑尾切除术患者的临床资料。结果腹壁切口长度2~3cm,204例均治愈,切口愈合好,术后疼痛轻,术后5d即拆线,平均3.5d出院,8~15d恢复正常活动。结论经右下腹小切口阑尾切除术切口小,利于切口愈合,术后疼痛轻,拆线时间短,早期可恢复正常活动,适用于单纯性阑尾炎、早期化脓性阑尾炎和早期坏疽性阑尾炎,值得推广应用。     

Laparoscopic vs mini-incision open appendectomy

AIM: To compare laparoscopic vs mini-incision open appendectomy in light of recent data at our centre.METHODS: The data of patients who underwen appendectomy between January 2011 and June 2013 were collected. The data included patients' demographic data, procedure time, length of hospital stay, the need for pain medicine, postoperative visual analog scale o pain, and morbidities. Pregnant women and patients with previous lower abdominal surgery were excluded Patients with surgery converted from laparoscopic appendectomy(LA) to mini-incision open appendectomy(MOA) were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups: LA and MOA done by the same surgeon. The patients were randomized into MOA and LA groups a computer-generated number. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made by the surgeon with physica examination, laboratory values, and radiological tests(abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography). Al operations were performed with general anaesthesia The postoperative vision analog scale score was recorded at postoperative hours 1, 6, 12, and 24. Patients were discharged when they tolerated normal food and passed gas and were followed up every week for three weeks as outpatients.RESULTS: Of the 243 patients, 121(49.9%) underwen MOA, while 122(50.1%) had laparoscopic appendectomy There were no significant differences in operation time between the two groups(P = 0.844), whereas the visua analog scale of pain was significantly higher in the open appendectomy group at the 1st hour(P = 0.001), 6th hour(P = 0.001), and 12 th hour(P = 0.027). The need for analgesic medication was significantly higher in the MOA group(P = 0.001). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of morbidity rate(P = 0.599)The rate of total complications was similar between the two groups(6.5% in LA vs 7.4% in OA, P = 0.599). Al wound infections were treated non-surgically. Six ou of seven patients with pelvic abscess were successfully treated with percutaneous drainage; one patient requiredsurgical drainage after a failed percutaneous drainage. There were no differences in the period of hospital stay, operation time, and postoperative complication rate between the two groups. Laparoscopic appendectomy decreases the need for analgesic medications and the visual analog scale of pain.CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic appendectomy should be considered as a standard treatment for acute appendicitis. Mini-incision appendectomy is an alternative for a select group of patients.     

导针埋线法额颞部提紧术

目的　为了避免传统的面部提紧术所产生的头皮瘢痕、脱发、创伤大、恢复时间长等难以避免的不良反应。方法　采用发际内微小切口入路行额颞部潜行分离 ,将松垂的皮肤及筋膜上移、提紧 ,舒展皱纹 ,切除或破坏形成皱纹的肌肉。结果　临床应用 71例 ,其中单纯导针埋线法颞部提紧术 18例 ,微小切口入路颞部提紧术 2 6例 ,额颞部提紧术 2 7例。经随访 ,效果满意 ,未出现头皮瘢痕、脱发等并发症。结论　导针埋线法额颞部提紧术具有操作简单、创伤较轻、恢复较快、切口微小、术后不留或少留手术瘢痕、面部除皱效果确切等优点 ,且可在门诊进行