应力松弛接骨板对骨应力遮挡率影响的实验研究

将螺孔部衬有不同数量、不同厚度聚乙烯垫圈的３１６Ｌ不锈钢接骨板置于２０根聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯模拟骨中段。分别在固定后不同时期测定不同载荷下接骨板内二螺孔间的外表面及接骨板对侧模拟骨中段的应变值，从而计算出应力遮挡率。结果发现，有垫与无垫接骨板组在术后１０周内的应力遮挡率无统计学差异，１０周以后两组间出现显著性差异，无垫组保持不变，有垫组的应力遮挡率逐渐下降。在垫圈厚度相同时，衬垫数量越多（本实验最多采用４孔４垫），后期应力遮挡率下降越明显。表明应力遮挡率的变化与垫圈数量关系密切。     

可变刚度接骨板系统对循环压缩载荷的力学反应

为了防止或减轻坚硬接骨板固定后局部骨质疏松，我们在普通接骨板的螺孔与螺钉间加一粘弹性材料制成的垫圈，而形成可变刚度接骨板系统，本文通过体外模拟试验，分析其对循环压缩载荷的反应。结果发现：此系统承受１０￣５次压缩载荷后，固定刚度仍确实可靠。以后随着加载次数的继续增加，至２Ｘ１０￣５次后，其固定刚度逐渐下降，应力遮挡率明显降低，具有较好的临床相关性。分析其机理在于垫圈材料的疲劳破坏引起螺钉松动所致。     

赝复体钛网同期植入修复上颌骨切除后眶面部缺损

背景:上颌骨创伤或肿瘤切除后可发生面部骨缺损,严重影响患者的外观和生活质量,早期修复对患者意义重大.目的:探讨上颌骨切除后同期钛网与赝复体植入修复眶面部缺损以及长期疗效.方法:选取2009年6月至2013年1月在解放军第四军医大学西京医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科接受上颌骨切除的患者,治疗中同期植入钛网修复眶底以及上颌窦前壁骨质缺损的上颌窦恶性肿瘤患者共21例,其中上颌骨部分切除4例,上颌骨全切11例,上颌骨扩大切除6例,随访观察钛网在上颌骨切除后遗留的面中部及眶区缺损的修复效果.结果与结论:所有患者同期钛网植入后创口均一期愈合,颜面部轮廓对称,眼球功能正常,患者对颜面部外观基本满意,联合赝复体后能进软食,语言清晰,2例患者在修复后辅助放疗,出现钛网植入体部分外露,经临近皮瓣转移修复后痊愈.结果显示,钛网可以对上颌骨缺损患者进行面部修复重建,对恢复面部形态、防止复视发生、后期功能修复以及提高患者生存质量均有明确疗效.     

双钢板治疗SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折疗效观察

目的观察双钢板治疗SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法选择80例SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折患者,40例采用切开复位钢板内固定治疗(对照组),40例采用双切口、双钢板内固定治疗(治疗组),比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果治疗组的手术时间显著长于对照组,而负重时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间均显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者的术中出血量、并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组治疗后的膝关节活动度和关节功能评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论双钢板治疗SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折疗效满意,并发症少,且患者术后膝关节功能恢复较好。     

解剖型钢板治疗胫骨Pilon骨折

目的探讨解剖型钢板治疗胫骨Pilon骨折的临床疗效.方法对接受解剖型钢板治疗的86例Pilon骨折患者进行随访.采用Ruedi-Allgower分类方法对Pilon骨折进行分类:Ⅰ型6例,Ⅱ型13例,Ⅲ型7例.术后平均随访24个月(8～36个月).结果疗效评定标准采用Bourne等制定的踝关节症状与功能评分系统:优良21例,可3例,差2例.术后创口感染3例.结论选择合适的手术治疗时间,应用塑型良好的解剖型钢板治疗胫骨Pilon骨折可以获得良好疗效.     

膀胱癌尿脱落细胞端粒酶活性的研究

目的探讨膀胱癌患者手术前后尿脱落细胞端粒酶活性的临床意义。方法应用端粒重复序列扩增—微孔板杂交法对 2 4例膀胱癌患者术前尿、2 0例术后尿和 10例正常人尿进行定量端粒酶活性的检测。结果 2 4例膀胱癌患者术前自排尿端粒酶阳性率 83 3% (2 0 / 2 4 ) ,端粒酶活性OD值 0 4 4 8± 0 2 32 ;术后 2 0例膀胱癌患者自排尿端粒酶阳性率 10 0 % (2 / 2 0 ) ,端粒酶活性OD值0 2 16± 0 16 3;10例正常健康人的尿沉渣标本端粒酶活性检测均阴性 ,端粒酶阳性率为 0 0 % (0 /10 ) ,端粒酶活性OD值 0 0 84± 0 0 5 8;膀胱癌患者术前自排尿脱落细胞端粒酶阳性率和端粒酶活性OD值明显高于术后患者尿及正常人尿的端粒酶阳性率和OD值 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论检测尿标本中的端粒酶活性可以作为一种无创伤性的膀胱癌早期诊断和术后随访的指标之一     

Skeletal dysplasias and the growth plate

Skeletal dysplasias are disorders in which there is derangement in the growth or shape of the skeleton. Long bone grows from cartilage that persists near the ends until skeletal maturity as the growth plate. Developmental biology work has identified the major regulatory proteins in growth plate chondroyte function. There are hundreds of skeletal dysplasias, and the molecular genetic etiology of many was defined in the past decade and a half. Now that the causative genes for these disorders have been identified, they can be broadly classified by the function of the protein that these genes encode for into disorders caused by extracellular structural proteins, proteins that regulate normal growth plate chondrocyte differentiation and patterning, and enzymes that process these proteins. There are clinical similarities within each group, and the phenotype can be predicted based on the role of the mutated protein in normal growth plate function. As such, this framework to classify the skeletal dysplasias has practical clinical implications.     

A comparative biomechanical study of a novel integrated plate spacer for stabilization of cervical spine: an in vitro human cadaveric model

Background

Integrated plate-spacer may provide adequate construct stability while potentially lowering operative time, decreasing complications, and providing less mechanical obstruction. The purpose of the current study was to compare the biomechanical stability of an anatomically profiled 2-screw integrated plate-spacer to a traditional spacer only and to a spacer and anterior cervical plate construct. In addition, the biomechanical stability of 2-screw integrated plate-spacer was compared to a commercially available 4-screw integrated plate-spacer.

Methods

Two groups, each of nine cervical cadaver spines (C2–C7), were tested under pure moments of 1.5 Nm. Range of motion was recorded at C5–C6 in all loading conditions (flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation) for the following constructs: 1) Intact; 2) 2-screw or 4-screw integrated plate-spacer; 3) spacer and anterior cervical plate; and 4) spacer only.

Findings

All fusion constructs significantly reduced motion compared to the intact condition. Within the instrumented constructs, spacer and anterior cervical plate, 2-screw and 4-screw integrated plate-spacer resulted in reduced motion compared to the spacer only construct. No significant differences were found in motion between any of the instrumented conditions in any of the loading conditions.

Interpretation

The application of integrated plate-spacer for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is based on several factors including surgical ease-of-use, biomechanical characteristics, and surgeon preference. The study suggests that integrated plate-spacer provide biomechanical stability comparable to traditional spacer and plate constructs in the cervical spine. Clinical studies on integrated plate spacer devices are necessary to understand the performance of these devices in vivo.     

应用锁定钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的回顾分析锁定钢板治疗股骨转子间粉碎性骨折疗效。方法 2007年4月～2010年2月应用锁定钢板治疗237例转子间粉碎性骨折患者,回顾分析其中210例获得随访患者临床疗效,平均随访12.5个月(6～34月﹚,观察骨折愈合时间,髋关节功能恢复情况。结果平均骨折愈合时间21周(12～32周),发生浅静脉血栓12例,褥疮3例,肺内感染4例,髋内翻2例,改行人工关节置换10例。按照Harris评分髋关节功能优161例,良18例,可19例,差12例。结论应用锁定钢板治疗转子间粉碎性骨折,手术操作简单,固定稳定,能够获得良好的临床疗效,是治疗转子间粉碎性骨折的较好选择。