金属翼板树脂粘接固定义齿的临床应用

金属翼板树脂粘接固定义齿是以铸造金属为支架,金属翼板为固位体,烤瓷熔附金属为桥体的粘接固定桥,是目前应用最多的一种粘接桥修复方法。其主要缺点是远期留存率较低,最常见的失败原因是脱胶,具体表现为脱落或松动,脱落率高成为限制发展的主要因素。影响其成功率的因素众多,本文就病例选择、固位体设计和连接体三个方面对粘接桥的影响作一综述,以供临床参考。     

A multicentre,prospective, randomised comparison of the sliding hip screw with the Medoff sliding screw and side plate for unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures

Objective

This study aimed to compare the dynamic hip screw (DHS) and Medoff sliding plate (MSP) for unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures.

Design

A randomised, prospective trial design was used.

Setting

The study was undertaken in two level-1 trauma centres and one community hospital.

Patients/participants

A total of 163 patients with unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures (Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) 31-A2) were randomised to DHS or MSP. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to focus on isolated unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures in ambulatory patients.

Intervention

Randomisation was performed intra-operatively, after placement of a 135° guide wire. Follow-up assessments were performed at regular intervals for a minimum of 6 months.

Main outcome measurements

The primary outcome measure was re-operation rate. The secondary outcome was patient function, evaluated using a validated outcome measure, the Hip Fracture Functional Recovery Score. Tertiary outcomes included: mortality, hospital stay, quality of reduction and malunion rate.

Results

A total of 86 patients were randomised to DHS and 77 to MSP. The groups had similar patient demographics, pre-fracture status and in-hospital course. The quality of reduction was the same for each group, but the operative time was longer in the MSP group (61.6 vs. 50.1 min, P = 0.01). The rate of re-operation was low (3/86 in DHS and 2/77 in MSP) with no statistically significant difference. The functional outcomes were the same for both groups, with functional recovery scores at 6 months of 51.0% in the DHS arm and 49.7% in the MSP arm.

Conclusions

The two techniques produced similar results for the clinically important outcomes of the need for further surgery and functional status of the patients at 6 months’ follow-up.     

Mid-term results in relation to age and analysis of predictive factors after fixation of acetabular fractures using the modified Stoppa approach

Introduction

Data concerning outcome after management of acetabular fractures by anterior approaches with focus on age and fractures associated with roof impaction, central dislocation and/or quadrilateral plate displacement are rare.

Methods

Between October 2005 and April 2009 a series of 59 patients (mean age 57 years, range 13–91) with fractures involving the anterior column was treated using the modified Stoppa approach alone or for reduction of displaced iliac wing or low anterior column fractures in combination with the 1st window of the ilioinguinal approach or the modified Smith-Petersen approach, respectively. Surgical data, accuracy of reduction, clinical and radiographic outcome at mid-term and the need for endoprosthetic replacement in the postoperative course (defined as failure) were assessed; uni- and multivariate regression analysis were performed to identify independent predictive factors (e.g. age, nonanatomical reduction, acetabular roof impaction, central dislocation, quadrilateral plate displacement) for a failure. Outcome was assessed for all patients in general and in accordance to age in particular; patients were subdivided into two groups according to their age (group “<60 yrs”, group “≥60 yrs”).

Results

Forty-three of 59 patients (mean age 54 yrs, 13–89) were available for evaluation. Of these, anatomic reduction was achieved in 72% of cases. Nonanatomical reduction was identified as being the only multivariate predictor for subsequent total hip replacement (Adjusted Hazard Ratio 23.5; p < 0.01). A statistically significant higher rate of nonanatomical reduction was observed in the presence of acetabular roof impaction (p = 0.01). In 16% of all patients, total hip replacement was performed and in 69% of patients with preserved hips the clinical results were excellent or good at a mean follow up of 35 ± 10 months (range: 24–55). No statistical significant differences were observed between both groups.

Conclusion

Nonanatomical reconstruction of the articular surfaces is at risk for failure of joint-preserving management of acetabular fractures through an isolated or combined modified Stoppa approach resulting in total joint replacement at mid-term. In the elderly, joint-preserving surgery is worth considering as promising clinical and radiographic results might be obtained at mid-term.     

In vitro temperature evaluation during cement augmentation of proximal humerus plate screw tips

Background

The treatment of proximal humerus fractures in patients with poor bone quality remains a challenge in trauma surgery. Augmentation with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement is a possible method to strengthen the implant anchorage in osteoporotic bone and to avoid loss of reduction and reduce the cut-out risk. The polymerisation of PMMA during cement setting leads, however, to an exothermic reaction and the development of supraphysiological temperatures may harm the bone and cartilage. This study addresses the issue of heat development during augmentation of subchondrally placed proximal humerus plate screws with PMMA and the possible risk of bone and cartilage necrosis and apoptosis.

Methods

Seven fresh frozen humeri from geriatric female donors were instrumented with the proximal humerus interlocking system (PHILOS) plate and placed in a 37 °C water bath. Thereafter, four proximal perforated screws were augmented with 0.5 ml PMMA each. During augmentation, the temperatures in the subchondral bone and on the articular surface were recorded with K-type thermocouples. The measured temperatures were compared to threshold values for necrosis and apoptosis of bone and cartilage reported in the literature.

Results

The heat development was highest around the augmented tips of the perforated screws and diminished with growing distance from the cement cloud. The highest temperature recorded in the subchondral bone reached 43.5 °C and the longest exposure time above 42 °C was 86 s. The highest temperature measured on the articular surface amounted to 38.6 °C and the longest exposure time above 38 °C was 5 min and 32 s.

Conclusion

The study shows that augmentation of the proximal screws of the PHILOS plate with PMMA leads to a locally limited development of supraphysiological temperatures in the cement cloud and closely around it. The critical threshold values for necrosis and apoptosis of cartilage and subchondral bone reported in the literature, however, are not reached. In order to avoid cement extravasation, special care should be taken in detecting perforations or intra-articular cracks in the humeral head.     

Results of titanium locking plate and stainless steel cerclage wire combination in femoral fractures

Background:

Some in vitro studies warn combining different metals in orthopedic surgery. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of combining titanium and stainless steel on bone healing and the clinical course of patients undergoing internal fixation of femoral fractures.

Materials and Methods:

69 patients with femoral fractures had polyaxial locking plate osteosynthesis. The locking plate was made of a titanium alloy. Two different cohorts were defined: (a) sole plating and (b) additional stainless steel cerclage wiring. Postoperative radiographs and clinical followup were performed at 6 weeks, 3 months and 12 months.

Results:

Cohorts A and B had 36 and 33 patients, respectively. Patient demographics and comorbidities were similar in both groups. In two cases in cohort A, surgical revision was necessary. No complication could be attributed to the combination of titanium and stainless steel.

Conclusion:

The combination of stainless steel cerclage wires and titanium plates does not compromise fracture healing or the postoperative clinical course.     

Endobutton钢板与锁骨钩钢板治疗肩锁关节脱位的疗效分析

目的比较双Endobutton袢钢板与钩钢板治疗RockwoodIII型肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2008年5月至2011年5月收治的73例RockwoodllI型肩锁关节脱位患者,分为双Endobutton钢板组（A组,n=39）和锁骨钩钢板组（B组,n=34）,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及疗效。两组术后均随访8～20个月,平均12．8个月。结果A组的术中出血量、手术时间及总住院时间均低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后按Karlsson标准进行疗效评定：优良率A组100％,B组88．2％,差异有统计学意义（P=0．0174）。结论双Endobutton袢钢板在治疗Rockwoodm型肩锁关节脱位有明显优势。     

钛板固定在心脏术后胸骨正中切口感染治疗中的应用

目的 探讨应用钛板内固定,增强胸骨稳定性,提高心脏手术后胸骨正中切口感染的临床治疗效果.方法 采用回顾性调查的方法,对26例应用钛板内固定,治疗胸骨切口感染的病例进行分析.结果 2009年1月至2011年12月应用钛板内固定治疗26例,均为慢性感染患者,感染持续时间均超过3个月.3例深部感染患者采用伤口持续负压吸引(VAC)的方法辅助创面准备.26例患者均行胸大肌肌瓣转移,无一例发生钛板感染需再次手术取出,且无一例因胸骨再次感染而需二次手术.结论 应用钛板内固定可以加强胸骨稳定性,减少局部组织渗出,提高心脏手术后胸骨正中切口感染的临床治疗效果.     

近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折合并肩关节脱位

目的探讨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折合并肩关节脱位的疗效。方法对13例肱骨外科颈骨折合并肩关节脱位患者行切开复位近端锁定钢板内固定。结果 13例均获随访,随访时间12～24个月。无感染、创口不愈合、骨折移位、内固定物松动和切割。术后4个月X线检查骨折均临床愈合。按照Constant评分方法:优11例,可1例,差1例。结论应用解剖锁定钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折合并肩关节脱位,临床效果较好。     

股骨转子间骨折3种内固定方法的疗效比较

目的探讨不同内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法 97例股骨转子间骨折患者按治疗方法分为3组:动力髋螺钉固定组(A组)37例,解剖锁定钢板固定组(B组)36例,Gamma钉固定组(C组)24例。分析各种方法的疗效及优缺点。结果手术时间:A组为(102±19)min,B组为(75±15)min,C组为(71±11)min;A组与B、C组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),B组与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。出血量:A组为(501±134)ml,B组为(212±38)ml,C组为(198±31)ml;A组与B、C组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),B组与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中X线暴露次数:A组为(7±3)次,B组为(8±3)次,C组为(8±2)次;3组间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后髋关节功能Harris评分优良率:A组83.78%,B组88.88%,C组87.50%。结论 Gamma钉具有手术耗时少、术中X线透视时间短、创伤小、术后内固定稳定性强、并发症少、骨折愈合快、患肢功能恢复快等优点,可以作为治疗股骨转子间骨折优选内固定方法;解剖锁定钢板结合微创技术治疗股骨转子间骨折也有较大的适用范围;动力髋螺钉操作简单,适宜应用于无严重骨质疏松的A1型和A2转子间骨折。     

双侧锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台粉碎骨折

目的 探讨双侧锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台粉碎骨折的方法和疗效.方法对22例胫骨平台粉碎骨折患者行双侧锁定钢板内固定治疗.结果 22例均获随访,时间8～25个月.骨折均愈合,愈合时间6～16个月.膝关节功能按Iowa评分标准评定：优17例,良4例,可1例.结论 采用双侧锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台粉碎骨折固定牢靠,创伤小,并发症少,可早期功能锻炼,膝关节功能恢复良好,疗效满意.