局部注射甲氨喋呤配伍中药治疗输卵管妊娠的临床效果探讨

目的寻找一种能保持优良生殖状态,减少并发症、无毒副作用、简便、无损伤、药物用量小的输卵管妊娠的药物治疗方案。方法对86例未破裂或符合条件的流产型输卵管妊娠病人,按治疗方案不同分两组进行对照研究,A组彩色阴道超声引导局部注射甲氨喋呤（MTX）治疗,B组彩色阴道超声引导局部注射MTX加中药联合治疗。结果A、B两组治愈率分别为96．8％、98．1％,无显著性差异（P〉0．005）;A、B两组的生殖状态（宫内妊娠和足月活产）85．7％、97．8％,有显著性差异（P〈0．005）;A、B两组的并发症（再次输卵管妊娠）分别为7．2％、2．2％,有显著性差异（P〈0．005）;血绒毛膜促性腺激素（B—HCG）B组比A组下降明显（P〈0．005）;病灶包块缩小或消失天数B组比A组明显缩短（P〈0．005）;输卵管通畅率B组明显高于A组（P〈0．05）。结论彩色阴道超声引导局部注射MTX加中药联合治疗未破裂或符合保守治疗的流产型输卵管妊娠具有方法简便、疗效高、无毒副作用、保持优良的生殖状态和减少并发症等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

异位妊娠药物治疗三种方法的临床疗效观察

目的:寻找一种简单、有效、成功率高、副作用小又不影响生育功能的药物治疗异位妊娠的方法。方法:64例患者分为氨甲蝶呤(MTX)肌注[Ⅰ组],米非司酮口服(Ru486)[Ⅱ组],及米非司酮配伍氨甲蝶呤单次肌肉注射治疗[Ⅲ组]进行比较。结果:Ⅲ组较Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组能明显缩短血绒毛膜促性腺激素(血β-HCG)降至正常范围的时间,减少住院日,提高治疗成功率(P<0.01)。结论:米非司酮配伍氨甲蝶呤治疗异位妊娠具有用量小、疗效高、副作用小等优点,可为临床推广应用。     

Additive combination of actarit and methotrexate in the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an additive combination of a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) actarit and low-dose methotrexate (MTX) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) unresponsive to MTX. Thirty-four patients with active RA, who had been unsuccessfully treated with MTX for at least 3 months were enrolled on a 24-week course of actarit (300 mg/day) and MTX (2.5–10 mg/week). Disease activity was evaluated by physical global assessments using conventional measures (Japan Rheumatism Association), and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria of improvements in RA. Thirty-two patients completed this study. No severe adverse drug reactions were seen. Patients whose RA did not respond to MTX alone responded to the combination therapy, with a significant improvement in the duration of morning stiffness, grip strength, swollen joint counts, patient's articular pain score, modified health assessment questionnaire (M-HAQ) score, score of both patient's and physician's global assessments, and C-reactive proteins (CRP). Sixteen patients (50.0%) and 9 patients (31.0%) showed a significant improvement in overall conventional measures, and ACR response criteria, respectively, and 60.0% of RA patients who received MTX for more than 1 year showed improvement in ACR definition. Patients who responded to the combination treatment within the first 12 weeks showed persistent improvement for the remaining part of the 24 week period. Our results indicate that the additive combination of actarit and MTX is safe, and without serious adverse effects, and has an excellent efficacy in patients with active and refractory RA. Received: July 28, 1999 / Accepted: January 28, 2000     

氨甲喋呤对充血性心力衰竭患者的非特异抗炎作用

目的:评价小剂量氨甲喋呤(MTX)对充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆中各炎症递质的调节作用及其临床意义。方法:62例CHF患者(NYHA Ⅱ~Ⅳ)被随机分为 MTX治疗组(7.5 mg/周)和常规治疗组,共治疗12周,观察两组患者血浆中各炎症递质表达水平及临床病情,并与正常对照组比较。结果:①CHF患者外周血浆中各炎症递质水平均显著高于正常对照组;②MTX治疗组患者血浆中肿瘤坏死因子 α和单核细胞趋化蛋白 1的水平显著低于常规治疗组[(2.81 ±0.83)μg/L ∶(3.23 ±0.89)μg/L;(49.9 ±20.9)ng/L∶(60.4 ±17.7)ng/L,均P<0.05),而可溶性白细胞介素 1 受体拮抗剂的水平高于常规治疗组[(92.7 ±22.0) ng/L ∶(78.2 ±15.5)ng/L,P<0.05]。③与常规治疗组比较,MTX治疗组在心功能分级、生活质量、运动耐量方面可得到进一步改善,但CHF患者两组在左室射血分数及左室舒张末期直径以及重要的心血管不良事件发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:小剂量MTX治疗对CHF患者具有非特异性的免疫调节作用。     

去除第11天甲氨蝶呤方案预防同胞相合供体造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病

目的:探讨去除第11天甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate,MTX)急性移植物抗宿主病(acute graft-versus-host disease,a GVHD)预防方案在同胞相合供体异基因外周血造血干细胞移植(allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation,allo-PBSCT)中的疗效和安全性。方法 :回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年8月接受同胞相合alloPBSCT治疗的32例患者临床资料,GVHD预防方案为环孢素(Cs A)联合MTX 15 mg/m2第1天,10 mg/m2第3、第6天。结果:中位随访时间14(7,30)个月,32例患者移植后全部造血重建。可评估患者中性粒细胞和血小板中位植入时间分别为13(11,18)d和16.5(14,36)d。a GVHD总体发生率为40.6%,Ⅱ~Ⅳ度a GVHD为25.0%。慢性GVHD(c GVHD)总体发生率为48.3%,其中轻度13.8%,中度20.7%,重度17.2%。移植后30 d内口腔黏膜炎的发生率为40.6%,Ⅲ~Ⅳ度口腔黏膜炎的发生率为18.8%。相比采用标准MTX预防方案的研究结果 ,重度口腔黏膜炎发生率显著降低(P     

Methotrexate patient education: A quality improvement study

Objective . To determine patients' knowledge of the safe use and toxicity of methotrexate (MTX) and to define educational interventions implemented by a rheumatology nurse that improved patients' understanding of MTX therapy. Methods . One hundred eighty-three patients from a university-based rheumatology clinic who were taking MTX completed an initial knowledge questionnaire concerning the proper use and possible toxicity of MTX. Following completion, a nurse reviewed the correct answers with each patient and provided written information on MTX. One hundred thirty-eight of these patients completed a followup questionnaire at the next visit or by mail. The questionnaires were analyzed, and a total MTX knowledge score was calculated. Results . MTX knowledge improved significantly between questionnaires; mean total score (±SD) increased from 7.32 ± 3.99 to 10.23 ± 3.29 (P < 0.001). After accounting for a person's initial questionnaire score, the addition of a supplemental “MTX pocketcard” was associated with a higher score on the followup questionnaire (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14, 4.95; P = 0.021). Patients over age 55 were 4 times more likely to have a poorer score compared with patients under age 45 (adjusted OR = 0.23; 95% CI 0.07, 0.73; P = 0.013). Conclusion . Knowledge of the toxicity and safe use of MTX was significantly improved by a patient education program utilizing a rheumatology nurse. Older individuals appear to be at higher risk for knowledge deficits. A supplemental MTX pocket-card proved to be a simple but beneficial addition to our MTX educational program.     

甲氨蝶呤皮下注射治疗应用与展望

【摘要】 研究表明,甲氨蝶呤皮下注射较口服途径可以获得更快、更好的吸收和更高的血药浓度以及较低的生物利用度变异度。在类风湿关节炎患者和银屑病患者,甲氨蝶呤皮下注射的疗效显著优于口服途径,并且胃肠道不良反应发生率更低。对于甲氨蝶呤口服疗效欠佳或者不耐受的患者,改为皮下注射后仍然可以获得较好的治疗反应。甲氨蝶呤皮下注射可以作为生物制剂使用前的治疗选择,可节省大量费用。总之,甲氨蝶呤皮下注射具有较好的临床应用前景。     

Low-Dose Cyclosporin A with Short-Term Methotrexate for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation from Human Leukocyte Antigen—Identical Siblings: A Prospective Phase II Study in Japanese Patients

We hypothesized that reducing the dosage of prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) would reduce the risk of relapse and toxicity after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical siblings. In a prospective phase II trial, 21 patients with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome underwent BMT from HLA-identical siblings and received GVHD prophylaxis consisting of low-dose (1.5 mg/kg per day) cyclosporin A (CSP) with short-term methotrexate (MTX) treatment. This low-dose group was compared with a group of retrospective control patients (n = 22) who received a standard CSP dosage (3.0 mg/kg per day) and MTX. One patient died of transplantation-related causes within 100 days. The regimen-related toxicity was quite tolerable. Although acute GVHD of grades II to III was more frequent in the low-dose group (47.6%) than in the control group (22.7%), the increase in acute GVHD did not significantly contribute to morbidity or mortality. There were no differences between the groups in the incidence and severity of chronic GVHD. The probabilities of relapse and survival of the groups were similar according to the risk for relapse at the time of transplantation. A prospective randomized study is required to determine whether low-dose or standard-dose CSP in combination with MTX is optimal for Japanese patients who undergo allogeneic BMT from HLA-identical siblings.     

来氟米特治疗活动性强直性脊柱炎的疗效与安全性研究

目的评价来氟米特治疗活动性强直性脊柱炎的疗效及安全性。方法选择2003—2005年中国医科大学附属第一医院风湿免疫科符合活动性强直性脊柱炎诊断标准的门诊及住院患者62例,将其随机分成来氟米特组(26例)和甲氨蝶呤组(36例)。来氟米特组按体重>50kg和<50kg,在治疗开始的3d分别给予负荷剂量50mg/d和40mg/d,在此之后的维持量分别是每周50mg和40mg。甲氨蝶呤组第1周口服5mg,第2周口服10mg,第3周及第3周以后每周口服15mg。2组均每日3次口服柳氮磺胺吡啶0·75g。分别于治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月及18个月,做Bath强直性脊柱炎活动性指数(BASDAI)及Bath强直性脊柱炎测量指数(BASMI)评分。同时测定血常规、血沉(ESR)、肝功能、肾功能及尿沉渣。在治疗前、治疗后6个月、10个月、18个月做骶髂关节CT及其他受累关节的X线平片检查。结果来氟米特组共22例随访至18个月,甲氨蝶呤组有29例随访至18个月。从6个月开始来氟米特组BASDAI比甲氨蝶呤组明显好转(P<0·01)。2组BASMI及ESR比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0·05),骶髂关节CT及X线平片对比差异亦无显著性意义,且各自与治疗前对比无加重。来氟米特组不良反应发生率为18·18%(4/22),甲氨蝶呤组为31·03%(9/29)。2组均无肾脏异常及肺间质病。结论本研究提示来氟米特治疗活动性强直性脊柱炎疗效与甲氨蝶呤相似,不良反应较甲氨蝶呤少。