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991.
Based upon detailed dissections of the lymphatic system in adult cadavers, the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder was divided
into three pathways: (1) The cholecystoretropancreatic pathway, which had two routes, one running spirally from the anterior
surface of the common bile duct to the right rear, and the other running almost straight down from the posterior surface of
the common bile duct. These routes converged at the principal retroportal node at the posterior surface of the head of the
pancreas. (2) The cholecysto-celiac pathway; this was the route running to the left through the hepatoduodenal ligament to
reach the celiac nodes. (3) The cholecysto-mesenteric pathway; this was the route running to the left in front of the portal
vein to connect with the nodes at the superior mesenteric root. The cholecysto-retropancreatic pathway can be regarded as
the main pathway, and the principal retroportal node appeared to be critical as the main terminal node in the visceral lymphatic
system of the gallbladder. These three pathways converged with the abdomino-aortic lymph nodes near the left renal vein, and
the nodes in the interaortico-caval space were considered to be of particular importance.
Offprint requests to: M. Ito 相似文献
992.
从1例膀胱癌患者的癌组织培养中,分离得到2个不同生长特性的悬浮生长型细胞系,定名为TSB-90和TSB-91。在培养过程中,对其生物学特性进行了细胞和亚细胞水平的探讨,并进行了核型分析。发现2个细胞系核型的演化趋势有明显差异,生物学特性也不尽相同。这可能与膀胱癌组织中细胞的遗传异质性和分化程度有关。对其机制和细节有待进一步深入研究。 相似文献
993.
994.
J. J. HOORWEG J. A. RAUWERDA G. A. CROLL A. J. C. MACKAAY E. K. J. RISSE N. DE VRIES R. M. TIWARI 《Clinical otolaryngology》1994,19(6):496-501
The records of 28 patients who underwent free jejunal graft reconstruction after resection for cancer involving the pharynx were analysed. Seven patients had a T3 carcinoma, 15 patients T4 and six patients recurrence after laryngectomy. Ten patients had received radiotherapy in the past. Post-operatively, 15 patients (54%) had complications and two patients (7%) died. No significant difference was observed in the complication rate between the group that received radiotherapy in the past and those who did not. Nineteen patients received post-operative radiotherapy. Nine patients had no radiotherapy on the basis of complete resection or because of serious complications. For the whole group the 2-year recurrence free period and survival were 42% and 51% respectively. The postoperative radiotherapy group had a significantly better survival (73%) and recurrence free period (63%) than the group without post-operative radiotherapy (0%). Thus, post-operative radiotherapy seems indicated irrespective of resection margins. 相似文献
995.
应用非同位素标记PCR-SSCP技术对34例大肠癌组织p53基因第五外显子突变进行了检测。结果:50%(11/22)结肠癌,8.3%(1/12)直肠癌存在p53基因突变,低分化腺癌高于高、中分化腺癌(P<0.05),DukesB、C期高于DukesA期(P<0.05),p53基因第五外显子突变在已发生淋巴转移的大肠癌组织中呈现较强的趋势。提示:检测结肠癌原发灶p53基因第五外显子突变,对指导结肠癌的诊断、治疗及预后判断具有一定意义 相似文献
996.
本文对三峡库区涪陵段1964~1993年肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的流行趋势作了某些分析,旨在兴建、开发三峡库区时为防治本病提供一定的依据。30年中发病乡(镇)的扩大与发现,以1964~1969年较为突出,占累计发病乡(镇)总数的27.59%,在嗣后的24年(1970~1993年)间仍以平均每年3.8个疫区的新发现渐进式扩大,可见三峡库区涪陵段HFRS疫区的发现与扩大仍未结束;发病率在80年代(6.58/10万)急剧上升,较60年代(3.53/10万)和70年代(2.51/10万)发病总数高1.83倍,90年代的发病率(1O.54/10万)较前26年上升57.49%;病例围绕高、中发疫区向心性集中,流行强度则离心性递减;在涪陵段的长江南岸、乌江北岸以集簇性暴发为主,长江北岸、乌江南岸为散在发病;呈5~7月(占27.03%)、10~12月(占45.79%)“双峰”型季节性发病高峰,1~4、8、9月份为非流行季节,其病例占总发病数的27.17%;每5~7年出现l次周期性发病高峰,高峰年的发病率与该地区整体发病率一致,似呈上升趋势;68.76%的病人集中在20~49岁人群,农民发病占83.35%,男女之比为2.5:1。疫区及疫源地以野鼠型为主,混合型次之,家鼠型也存在。 相似文献
997.
Joel A. Black Ruth Westenbroek Bruce R. Ransom William A. Catterall Stephen G. Waxman 《Glia》1994,12(3):219-227
The expression of sodium channel α-subunit isoforms in astrocytes in adult rat spinal cord and optic nerve was examined utilizing immunocytochemical methods with antibodies generated against conserved and subtype-specific sequences of the sodium channel. In adult rat spinal cord, astrocytes within the dorsal and ventral funiculi were immunolabelled with antibody SP20, which recognizes a conserved sequence within sodium channel types I, II, and III. In addition, astrocytes within these spinal cord white matter tracts were immunostained with antibody SP11-II, which recognizes sodium channel type II. Antibodies SP11-I and SP32-III, which are directed against subtype-specific sequences in sodium channel types I and III, respectively, did not label astrocytes in the dorsal and ventral funiculi of the spinal cord. In optic nerves, astrocytes were immunostained with antibody SP20. However, no detectable labelling of cells within the optic nerve was observed with antibodies SP11-I, SP11-II, and SP32-III. These observations demonstrate that sodium channel II is expressed by astrocytes in spinal cord white matter. Moreover, these data suggest that regional factors regulate the level of sodium channel isoform expression in astrocytes. 相似文献
998.
Vijay Tumuluri Graham A. Thomas Ian S. Fraser 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2004,33(4):204-208
BACKGROUND: We hypothesise that the density of proliferating cells at the invasive tumour front (ITF) has a positive relationship with prognostic and risk factors in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: Tissues from 47 human oral SCC specimens were collected and stained with a monoclonal antibody directed against the Ki-67 antigen using a horseradish peroxidase based two-step immunostaining method. Counting was performed on two parallel sections at the ITF using an image analyser. The Ki-67 labelling index (LI) was determined by measuring the number of nuclei/mm(2) of epithelium. RESULTS: Our results show that the density of proliferating cells is related to clinical staging, with advanced stage of disease having a significantly higher Ki-67 LI compared with early stage of disease (2111 +/- 905 vs. 1908 +/- 913; P = 0.03). Importantly, this study shows that tumours that have metastasised have a significantly higher Ki-67 LI than tumours where distant metastasis was not detected (3257 +/- 650 vs. 1966 +/- 881; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Cell proliferation, as measured by the Ki-67 LI at the ITF, has a positive relationship with clinical staging, tumour thickness, smoking status of the patient and alcohol consumption. Further, we suggest that a multicenter study with a large cohort of patients is indicated to fully elucidate whether cell proliferation at the ITF is directly related to patient survival. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Boudewijn J. M. Braakhuis C. René Leemans Ruud H. Brakenhoff 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2004,33(6):317-322
Based on recent genetic studies, we propose a progression model for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. In the initial phase, a stem cell acquires a genetic alteration; subsequently a patch is formed, a clonal unit consisting of the stem cell with its daughter cells that all share the DNA alteration. The next critical step is the conversion of a patch into an expanding field as a result of additional genetic alterations. This mucosal field replaces the normal epithelium and in the oral cavity such fields have been detected with dimensions of over 7 cm in diameter. Sometimes these fields are visible as leukoplakia. Ultimately, clonal selection leads to the development of carcinoma within this contiguous field of pre-neoplastic cells. An important clinical implication of this model is that fields often remain after surgery of the primary tumor and may lead to new cancers, presently designated by clinicians as second primary tumors or local recurrences. 相似文献