中药中金属元素的生化作用机理

机体内环境是一个多层次纵横交错的大系统 ,有一套复杂的调控体系 ,金属元素与此调控体系有密切联系。机体内所有复杂的生化反应都离不开酶 ,而金属元素有的是酶的辅助因子参与酶的组成 ,有的是酶的激活剂 ,是酶活性的主要调节者。深入研究中药中金属元素对酶活性的影响 ,将有利于提高药效。此外肾虚病人血清中金属元素与正常人相比有显著差异 ,若能比较准确地测得肾虚不同阶段的金属元素图谱 ,并结合中药中各金属元素含量的不同加以针对性地治疗 ,将对提高药物对疾病的治疗效果及延缓衰老有重要意义。     

X线下带膜支架治疗食管气管瘘10例分析

目的　探讨X线下用带膜支架治疗食管气管瘘的方法。方法　在X线监视下以导丝引导 ,用支架推送器将带膜食管支架送入患者有食管气管瘘的食道段内 ,达到堵瘘目的。结果　 10例患者全部一次堵瘘成功 ,当天即可正常进食 ,无 1例出现严重并发症。结论　在X线下带膜支架治疗食管气管瘘是一种很好的方法。     

Methods to address metal artifacts in post-processed CT images – A do-it-yourself guide for orthopedic surgeons

Computed tomography (CT) scans are often used for postoperative imaging in orthopedics. In the presence of metallic hardware, artifacts are generated, which can hamper visualization of the CT images, and also render the study ineffective for 3-D printing. Various solutions are available to minimize metal artifacts, and radiologists can employ these before or after processing the CT study. However, the orthopedic surgeon may be faced with situations where the metal artifacts were not addressed. To counter such problems, we present three do-it-yourself (DIY) techniques that can be used to manage metal artifacts.     

颈动脉支架植入术后谵妄风险列线图模型构建

目的 分析与提取颈动脉支架植入术后患者发生谵妄的危险因素,为针对性干预提供参考.方法 统计350例颈动脉狭窄支架植入术后患者谵妄发生率,行单因素和多因素分析获得术后患者谵妄相关危险因素,基此构建列线图预测模型,采用校正曲线和ROC曲线评估其准确度和区分度.结果 60例术后发生谵妄,发生率17.14％;高龄、术前NIHSS评分和术前焦虑是术后发生谵妄的独立危险因素(均P＜0.05);由3项独立危险因素构建的谵妄风险列线图预测模型,预测曲线和观察曲线基本吻合,AUC=0.888.结论 颈动脉支架植入术后患者谵妄发生率较高;高龄、术前焦虑及脑卒中倾向是术后患者发生谵妄的危险因素;构建的列线图预测模型具有较好的准确度和区分度,可提高筛选效能.     

大承气汤联合自膨式金属支架在左半结直肠恶性梗阻治疗中的应用

目的:探讨大承气汤联合自膨式金属支架(SEMS)在左半结直肠恶性梗阻(MLBO)治疗中的作用及安全性。方法:选取2018年1月—2020年6月天津市人民医院收治的因MLBO行SEMS治疗的患者78例。随机化分为大承气汤组38例,聚乙二醇组40例。两组患者均进行限期手术治疗,在后续治疗时,大承气汤组口服大承气汤(1袋,125 mL/次,2次/d),聚乙二醇组口服聚乙二醇(舒泰清,A剂+B剂各2袋/次,饮用水冲调至125 mL/次,2次/d),比较2组术前准备时间、腹腔镜率、手术时间、并发症发生率、造口率、排气时间、术后住院时间、淋巴结清扫数目及术后病理水肿程度等差异。结果:大承气汤组的术前准备时间为6(5,7) d,低于聚二乙醇组的8(6,9) d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。大承气汤组限期手术的腹腔镜率为65.8%,高于聚乙二醇组的40.0%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。大承气汤组在造口率(21.1% vs 50.0%)及并发症发生率(15.8% vs 40.0%)方面亦优于聚乙二醇组(均P<0.05)。两组的淋巴清扫数目无明显差异(P=0.2),但大承气汤组的病理组织水肿程度比聚乙二醇组轻,差异有统计学意义(P=0.043)。结论:大承气汤可有效提高MLBO放置SEMS后限期手术的肠道准备效率及质量,提高腹腔镜成功率,并明显降低限期手术并发症发生率及造口率。     

A “bridge” technique to replace the obstructed single-J stent in the patient with ileal conduit urinary diversion: a case report

The ureteroileal anastomotic stricture is a complication of ileal conduit urinary diversion. To prevent the hydronephrosis and protect the renal function, a single-J ureteral stent may be needed. However, the most common complication of these patients is single-J stent obstruction. To solve this problem, we describe an easy, useful and low-cost technique to replace the obstructed ureteral stent under radiographic guidance without intervention by flexible cystoscopy or percutaneous nephrostomy. The key steps of our procedure are to identify the location of the stricture, to place the super smooth guide wire into pinhole of the obstructed single-J stent and to get the super smooth guide wire and 5-Fr ureteral catheter across the stricture. Our case was a 40-year-old male patient who was diagnosed as pelvic lipomatosis and received ileal conduit urinary diversion 3 years ago. The left-side ureteroileal anastomotic stricture occurred 1 year after surgery. He refused to repair the stricture by open or other minimal invasive surgery. He regularly changed his ureteral stent with intervals of three months. As the stent was obstructed by the stone, the guide wire couldn’t be inserted through the primary ureteral stent. We used our “bridge” technique to solve his problem successfully. No bleeding and no urinary tract infection were observed after intervention. The urine from the ureteral stent was fluent. We think that this “bridge” technique may be a good choice for the replacement of the obstructed single-J stent in the patients of ileal conduit urinary diversion.     

CZES型食管支架硬式改软式的临床意义

目的：改进Z型被膜食管支架的结构，使之具有更好的顺应性，稳定性和耐受性。方法：将被膜Z型食管支架的上下钢丝节段之间的交错连接（硬式支架）改为间隙连接（软式支架），并植入治疗43例食管狭窄或食管瘘患者，观察疗效和并发症，并与46例植入硬式支架者比较。结果：两组均取得显著疗效。软式支架组胸痛，呕吐等症状显著减轻，持续时间缩短，未发生支架移位，穿孔等重大并发症。结论：软式食管支架在顺应性，稳定性和耐受性等方面明显优于硬式支架。     

The effect of magnetic stent on coronary restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in dogs

探讨磁化支架对经皮经腔冠状埃及成形术 (PTCA)后冠状动脉再狭窄的防治作用。方法　 2 0只健康杂种犬 ,超大球囊反复扩张损伤靶血管 (前降支或旋支中段 )制备PTCA术后冠状动脉狭窄模型(>5 0 % ) ,后随机分成对照组和实验组各 10只。对照组靶血管置入普通Palmaz支架 ,实验组靶血管置入磁化Palmaz支架。手术前后不用抗血小板药和抗凝药 ,术后 6个月冠状动脉造影 ,并处死犬切取靶血管 3cm进行组织病理学检查。结果　冠状动脉造影冠状动脉再狭窄率对照组 30 % ,实验组 0 ;组织病理学检查靶血管平均内膜厚度 (对照组 2 .98± 0 .5 6mm) ,(实验组 1.13± 0 .4 1mm)有显著差异 ,P <0 .0 5。结论　磁化支架对犬PTCA术后冠状动脉再狭窄可能具有防治作用。     

金属卟啉作为双功能模拟酶的研究

根据超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性结构相似原理,作者首次提出金属卟啉化合物可作为SOD和CAT双功能模拟酶,并对合成的4 种金属卟啉[四-(对磺酸基苯基)卟啉铁、四-(对磺酸基苯基)卟啉铜、四-(对磺酸基苯基)卟啉锰、四-(对磺酸基苯基)卟啉钴]进行了仿SOD和CAT的部分生物学功能检测 .结果显示:核黄素-蛋氨酸光明法证实它们在10-5～10-6mol/L浓度范围内有清除O(*2)-的作用;分光光度法证实它们能催化H2O2 的分解,且分解率随浓度增大而增大;用小鼠肝匀浆法测定4种金属卟啉、SOD和CAT,均表明有良好抗脂质过氧化作用;大鼠心脏缺血再灌注实验表明四-(对-磺酸基苯基)卟啉锰能降低活性氧对心肌的损伤程度, 对再灌注损伤心肌有保护作用.     

冠心病患者冠状动脉内成形及支架术前后QT离散度的变化

目的 体表心电图ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ）增大在冠心病患者是预测室性心律失常事件的有用指标。旨在估价冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉腔内成形主支架术（ＰＴＣＡ＋ｓｔｅｎｔ）前后对ＱＴ离散度的影响。方法 对６０例冠心病患者行ＰＴＣＡ＋ｓｔｅｎｔ术前后ＱＴ离散度进行分析。男性４６例,女性１４例,平均年龄５７岁,患者为单支血管病变３６例,多支血管病２４例。本组对ＰＴＣＡ＋ｓｔｅｎｔ术前后同步３导联的标准１２导联心电图Ｑ