Percutaneous Transhepatic Treatment of Benign Bile Duct Strictures Using Retrievable Covered Stents: Long-Term Outcomes in 148 Patients

ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term outcomes of percutaneous treatment of benign biliary strictures using temporary placement of a retrievable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) covered stent.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 148 patients (84 male and 64 female; age range, 11–92 years) who underwent percutaneous transhepatic placement and removal of a retrievable PTFE-covered stent for the treatment of benign biliary strictures between March 2007 and August 2019 through long-term follow-up. Ninety-two patients had treatment-naïve strictures and 56 had recurrent/refractory strictures.ResultsStent placement was technically successful in all 148 patients. The mean indwelling period of the stent was 2.4 months (median period, 2.3 months; range, 0.2–7.7 months). Stent migration, either early or late, occurred in 28 (18.9%) patients. Clinical success, defined as resolution of stricture after completing stent placement and removal, was achieved in 94.2% (131 of 139 patients). The overall complication rate was 15.5% (23 of 148 patients). During the mean follow-up of 60.2 months (median period, 52.7 months; range, 1.6–146.1 months), 37 patients had a recurrence of clinically significant strictures at 0.5–124.5 months after removal of biliary stent and catheter (median, 16.1 months). The primary patency rates at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years after removal of biliary stent and catheter were 88.2%, 70.0%, 66.2%, 60.5%, and 54.5%, respectively. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, sex, age, underlying disease, relation to surgery, stricture type, biliary stones, history of previous treatment, and stricture site were not significantly associated with the primary patency.ConclusionLong-term outcomes suggest that percutaneous treatment of benign biliary strictures using temporary placement of retrievable PTFE-covered stents may be a clinically effective method.     

Improvement in Image Quality and Visibility of Coronary Arteries,Stents, and Valve Structures on CT Angiography by Deep Learning Reconstruction

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether a deep learning reconstruction (DLR) method improves the image quality, stent evaluation, and visibility of the valve apparatus in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) when compared with filtered back projection (FBP) and hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) methods.Materials and MethodsCCTA images of 51 patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 63.9 ± 9.8 years, 36 male) who underwent examination at a single institution were reconstructed using DLR, FBP, and hybrid IR methods and reviewed. CT attenuation, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and stent evaluation, including 10%–90% edge rise slope (ERS) and 10%–90% edge rise distance (ERD), were measured. Quantitative data are summarized as the mean ± SD. The subjective visual scores (1 for worst -5 for best) of the images were obtained for the following: overall image quality, image noise, and appearance of stent, vessel, and aortic and tricuspid valve apparatus (annulus, leaflets, papillary muscles, and chordae tendineae). These parameters were compared between the DLR, FBP, and hybrid IR methods.ResultsDLR provided higher Hounsfield unit (HU) values in the aorta and similar attenuation in the fat and muscle compared with FBP and hybrid IR. The image noise in HU was significantly lower in DLR (12.6 ± 2.2) than in hybrid IR (24.2 ± 3.0) and FBP (54.2 ± 9.5) (p < 0.001). The SNR and CNR were significantly higher in the DLR group than in the FBP and hybrid IR groups (p < 0.001). In the coronary stent, the mean value of ERS was significantly higher in DLR (1260.4 ± 242.5 HU/mm) than that of FBP (801.9 ± 170.7 HU/mm) and hybrid IR (641.9 ± 112.0 HU/mm). The mean value of ERD was measured as 0.8 ± 0.1 mm for DLR while it was 1.1 ± 0.2 mm for FBP and 1.1 ± 0.2 mm for hybrid IR. The subjective visual scores were higher in the DLR than in the images reconstructed with FBP and hybrid IR.ConclusionDLR reconstruction provided better images than FBP and hybrid IR reconstruction.     

计算机断层扫描血管造影对于颅内外支架留置术后随访诊断意义及相关因素分析

目的 探究计算机断层扫描血管造影(computed tomography angiography, CTA)对于颅内外支架留置术后随访的诊断准确性及相关影响因素。方法 收集2016年12月到2019年11月的颅内和颅外支架留置术患者共26例进行回顾性研究。其中男性18例、女性8例;平均年龄(62.6±10.6)岁,支架37枚;全部使用CTA和数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)进行随访。以DSA为评判标准,将CTA的支架内动脉显影质量进行分级,并将分级结果与包括支架所在动脉的直径、位于颅内或颅外、是否紧贴颅骨走行以及临近弹簧圈存在与否诸因素的相关性,进行统计分析。结果 支架内的动脉成像质量与动脉直径密切相关,使用Youden指数得出血管直径的最佳界值为2.5 mm。在颅内、颅外两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);支架内动脉的成像质量在是否紧贴颅骨走行两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.321);在弹簧圈的有、无两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 颅内外动脉留置支架术后,CTA随访的准确性与支架所在动脉直径相关,大于2.5 mm时具有较高的准确性;颅骨对成像质量无明显影响;临近的弹簧圈对成像质量有严重影响。     

支架辅助栓塞宽颈前交通动脉瘤的安全性及有效性分析

目的 探讨支架辅助栓塞宽颈前交通动脉瘤的安全性和有效性.方法 收集2015年1月至2019年12月大连医科大学附属第一医院神经外科采用介入栓塞治疗的宽颈前交通动脉瘤患者159例,其中支架辅助栓塞组67例,单纯弹簧圈栓塞组92例.支架辅助栓塞组中男性31例,女性36例,平均年龄(57.90±12.02)岁;单纯弹簧圈栓塞...     

整体护理对冠心病患者冠脉内支架植入术围术期血脂水平的影响

目的观察整体护理对冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架植入术围术期血脂水平的影响。方法选择行经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗的冠心病患者149例,随机分为整体护理组86例与传统护理组63例。对整体护理组实施整体护理干预,传统护理组被给予传统护理干预;分析、比较两组患者3个时间点（人院第2日、手术当日及出院当日）的状态焦虑水平、血脂含量变化以及术后并发症发生情况的差异。结果两组患者状态焦虑水平（分）整体护理组手术当日（51．64±7．78）分、出院当日（38．94±4．37）分与传统护理组（74．42±8．29）分、（59．97±5．76）分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者血脂水平（mmol／L）整体护理组手术当日、出院当日与传统护理组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者术后并发症发生率（％）、整体护理组血肿或出血、桡动脉痉挛或闭塞、心律失常、发热以及迷走神经反射等并发症发生率明显低于传统护理组（P〈0．05）。结论整体护理可以降低冠心病患者冠脉内支架植入术围术期血脂水平与状态焦虑水平,减少术后并发症的发生,提高护理质量。     

金属冠脉支架磁共振适用性检测方法

目的:建立金属冠脉支架磁共振适用性实验平台,以实验室测试为基础,研究金属冠脉支架的磁共振适用性。方法:金属冠脉支架磁共振适用性试验分为四个部分,在3T磁共振环境下,分别进行磁位移力试验、磁扭矩试验、致热试验和图像干扰试验。结果:退磁效果好的金属冠脉支架,磁位移力小于其自身重力,磁扭矩小于其自身重力扭矩,温度升高值小,图像畸变值小。退磁效果不好的支架,磁位移力大于其自身重力,温度升高多,图像畸变值大。结论:实验平台可以对金属冠脉支架磁共振适用性进行检测,并对其退磁效果进行评价。     

支架术后急性冠状动脉综合征患者生命质量变化及影响因素研究

目的：探讨支架术后急性冠状动脉综合征患者生命质量变化及影响因素。方法收集接受支架术急性冠状动脉综合征患者100例,应用SF-36生命质量调查表于手术前、手术后6个月对患者生命质量进行调查记录,并分析患者生命质量变化及影响因素。结果患者手术后6个月体力、心理健康、社会活动、躯体疼痛、身体功能、躯体角色、精力及身体健康评分高于手术前,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。支架术后6个月患者改善程度Logistic回归分析：女性患者、2型糖尿病、曾行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗、ST-T段抬高型心肌梗死是影响患者改善程度的重要因素（P＜0．05）。结论急性冠状动脉综合征患者支架术后6个月生命质量明显改善,女性患者、既往PCI对于患者改善具有正向影响作用,而2型糖尿病、ST-T段抬高型心肌梗死则对患者改善具有负向影响。     

两种桩核系统在残冠残根修复中的临床观察

目的比较石英纤维桩与金属铸造桩在残冠残根修复中的临床效果。方法选择残冠、残根患者145例,合计181颗患牙。经完善的根管治疗后,根据患者意愿,分为A组（纤维桩）和B组（铸造金属桩）,此：较二组患者6～24个月临床复诊疗效情况。结果A组1例桩折,1例桩核松动、脱落,1例根尖周炎,成功率96．94％;B组5例根折,1例桩折,2例桩核松动、脱落,1例根尖周炎,2例牙龈晦暗,成功率86．75％,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论石英纤维桩应用于残根残冠修复的临床效果优于铸造金属桩。     

切割球囊联合血管内近距离放射治疗支架内再狭窄

目的　探讨切割球囊 (CBA)联合血管内近距离放射疗法 (IVBT)治疗冠状动脉支架内再狭窄 (ISR)的临床应用价值。方法　距支架植入平均 6 7个月、冠状动脉造影 (CAG)证实的ISR患者 36例 ,1组 (2 0例 )用 10mm长、直径与参考血管比为 1 1∶1的CBA ,2组 (16例 )用普通球囊(POBA) ,扩张满意后均放置 4 0mm长的放疗导管覆盖病变处并行照射 ;CAG测量最小管腔直径(MLD)、即刻所得 (AG) ;随访 4～ 8个月 ,观察终点为主要心血管事件 (MAE ,即死亡、急性心肌梗死、靶血管的血运重建 ) ,CAG复测MLD及晚期丢失 (LL)、丢失指数 (LI)、再再狭窄 (RRS)率等参数。结果　AG 1组略高于 2组 (P >0 0 5 ) ;MAE发生率 1组 (10 % )显著低于 2组 (18 8% ,P <0 0 5 ) ;LL、LI、MAE、RRS参数 1组 (0 16± 0 2 7mm ,0 0 5± 0 0 1,10 % ,15 % )明显低于 2组 (0 32±0 31mm ,0 11± 0 0 2 ,4 3 8% ,37 5 % ) ,均P <0 0 5。结论　CBA联合IVBT治疗ISR安全、可行 ,其疗效优于POBA联合IVBT。     

术前sCD_(40)L预测冠状动脉支架后再狭窄的临床价值研究

目的:探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者支架植入术前sCD40L对再狭窄的诊断预测价值。方法:选择成功接受普通支架置入术的稳定型心绞痛和不稳定型心绞痛患者共92例,分别于支架术前,术后1,5,15d和180d取外周静脉血测定血清sCD40L。所有患者随访6个月。结果:支架内再狭窄率23.9%(22/92)。再狭窄患者支架术前和术后血清sCD40L水平均显著高于无再狭窄患者(P均<0.01);再狭窄患者支架术后高水平sCD40L持续至术后6个月,而无再狭窄患者术后5d则恢复至正常。根据受试者工作特征曲线确定术前血清sCD40L>3.96μg/L为截断值,计算术前sCD40L诊断再狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度和阳性似然比分别为72.7%、90%、69.6%、91.3%、85.9%和7.27。多变量Logistic回归分析发现,在校正混杂因素后,术前sCD40L是术后再狭窄独立预测因子,OR=1.92(95%CI=1.39～2.64,P=0.013)。结论:再狭窄患者支架术前、术后血清sCD40L水平增加提示sCD40L可能与支架内再狭窄有关。支架术前血清sCD40L是术后再狭窄的独立预测因子,术前sCD40L有可能用于临床支架放置前危险分层的评价。