肝细胞肝癌外科治疗方法的选择

2008年9月底制定了肝细胞肝癌外科治疗方法的选择,全文如下.     

Strecker stent in stenotic hemodialysis Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistulas

Flexible tantalum stents (Strecker) were used as an adjunct to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of stenotic arterial or venous limbs of Brescia-Cimino hemodialysis fistulas. The diagnostic procedure was performed using retrograde fistulography. After PTA with unsatisfactory results, stents were placed in 5 patients with significant residual stenoses and poor fistula function. Within the mean follow-up period of 6.4 months (range 3–10 months) all fistulas were functioning. We conclude that Strecker stent is useful in the treatment of stenotic hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas as an adjunct to PTA.     

髌骨粉碎性骨折的手术治疗

目的:探讨治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折内固定方法的临床疗效。方法:72例髌骨粉碎性骨折患者,男53例,女19例;年龄16~65岁,平均34岁;左侧33例,右侧39例。闭合伤61例,开放伤11例。髌骨下极粉碎45例,髌底粉碎6例,全髌粉碎21例。内固定方式:钢丝环扎固定26例,克氏针张力带固定5例,镍钛聚髌器(NT-PC)固定41例,对其疗效作分析对比。结果:72例患者中有65例获随访,随访时间6个月~5年。所有骨折均临床愈合,以术后不同时期膝关节功能和X线检查综合判断疗效,钢丝环扎固定、克氏针张力带固定、NT-PC固定三组中,术后下地行走平均时间分别为35、18、10d,术后正常步态平均时间分别为48、45、22d,屈膝90°时间分别为50、30、26d,三组优良率分别为79·2%、50·0%、91·9%。结论:NT-PC用于粉碎性骨折的治疗,避免了髌骨部分或全部切除,最大限度保存膝关节功能,是目前理想的内固定方法。     

类风湿关节炎致自发性手指肌腱断裂的临床分析

目的探讨类风湿关节炎致自发性手指肌腱断裂的临床特点和治疗效果。方法对8例自发性手指肌腱断裂的患者（均有3～8年类风湿关节炎的病史），其中2例拇长伸肌腱断裂，采用示指固有伸肌腱转位修复；3例环、小指指伸肌腱断裂，采用环指指伸肌腱与中指指伸肌腱端侧编织缝合，示指固有伸肌腱移位修复小指固有伸肌腱；2例中、环、小指指伸肌腱断裂，采用冷冻异体指伸肌腱移植修复。1例拇长屈肌腱断裂，采用环指指浅屈肌腱转位修复。结果术后局部滑膜和肌腱组织送病理检查均显示为慢性炎症伴局灶性坏死。术后随访6个月～7年，未见肌腱再次断裂，优良率为100％。结论多根肌腱同时断裂是类风湿关节炎致自发性手指肌腱断裂的常见特点，手术采用肌腱转位或异体肌腱移植术，疗效确切。     

Influence of caseload and surgical speciality on outcome following surgery for colorectal cancer: a review of evidence Part 2: Long-term outcome

OBJECTIVE: We reviewed recent literature to assess the impact of hospital caseload, surgeon's caseload and education on long-term outcome following colorectal cancer surgery. METHOD: We searched the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases for relevant literature starting from 1992. We selected hospital caseload, surgeon's caseload and surgeon's education, type of hospital, and surgeon's experience as variables of interest. Measures of outcome were recurrence-free survival and overall survival, and for rectal cancer frequency of permanent stoma. We reviewed the 34 studies according to tumour location: colonic cancer, rectal cancer, or colorectal cancer. We described the studies individually and performed a meta-analysis whenever it was considered appropriate. RESULTS: For colonic cancer, overall survival improved with increasing hospital caseload, odds ratio (OR) 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.28], and surgeon's education. For rectal cancer, overall survival improved with increasing hospital caseload, OR 1.38 (95% CI 1.19-1.60), and, possibly by surgeon' education and experience. Cancer-free survival was strongly influenced by surgeon's education. The colostomy rate was less in high caseload hospitals, OR 0.76 (95% CI 0.68-0.85). For colorectal cancer, overall survival improved with surgeon's education. CONCLUSION: The data have provided evidence that long-term survival following colorectal cancer surgery in general improved significantly with increasing hospital caseload and surgeon's education.     

Influence of caseload and surgical speciality on outcome following surgery for colorectal cancer: a review of evidence. Part 1: short-term outcome

OBJECTIVE: An association between caseload and outcome has been reported for complex surgical procedures. We systematically reviewed recent literature to determine whether caseload and surgical speciality are associated with short-term outcome following colorectal cancer surgery. METHOD: We searched the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases for relevant publications starting in 1992. We selected hospital caseload and type, and surgeon's caseload, education and experience as variables of interest. Measures of outcome were postoperative morbidity, in-hospital and 30-day mortality, and for rectal cancer anastomotic leak. We stratified the 35 reviewed studies by tumor location: colonic cancer, rectal cancer, or colorectal cancer and described the studies individually. A meta-analysis was performed only when it was considered appropriate. RESULTS: For colonic cancer, postoperative morbidity was associated with surgeon's caseload and education. Postoperative mortality was strongly associated with hospital caseload (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.55-0.73), and surgeon's caseload (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.39-0.64). It was also influenced by surgeon's education and experience. For rectal cancer, we found no evidence of an association between the selected variables and short-term outcome, including frequency of anastomotic leak. For colorectal cancer, there was evidence for an association between postoperative morbidity and hospital caseload. CONCLUSION: Our review offers evidence for a positive association between high hospital caseload, surgeon's caseload, sub-speciality and experience and improved short-term outcome in colonic cancer surgery. We failed to find evidence of a relationship for rectal cancer surgery, possibly owing to methodological artifacts. No study reported an inverse relation.     

一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核

目的:评价一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法:采用一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合手术治疗胸、腰椎结核患者17例,按照Frankel分级评定患者手术前后的神经功能,根据X线片评价植骨融合时间,测量术前、术后后凸角度及随访期内的角度丢失。结果:17例患者结核病灶清除彻底,切口均Ⅰ期愈合、无窦道形成,结核治愈无复发。后凸畸形平均矫正19.2°;在随访期内,后凸畸形矫正有1°~4°丢失。X线片示植骨界面骨性融合时间平均5个月。3例出现并发症,对症处理后好转。结论:一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸、腰椎结核的疗效确切,具有迅速缓解症状、早期离床活动和较理想的脊柱矫形等优点,是治疗胸、腰椎结核的有效方法。     

Outcome of surgery in patients with hematological malignancies: A 12-year retrospective analysis

Background: Surgical intervention in patients with malignant hematological disorders is a major undertaking due to the expected risks of bleeding, infection and poor wound healing. Methods and materials: A retrospective study of patients treated at the Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia between January 1991 and December 2002 was conducted. The results of patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma who underwent surgical procedures (study group) were compared with those of a control group composed of patients with the same spectrum of disorders treated over the same period of time and given the same treatment protocols but never required any surgery. Results: No single death occurred intraoperatively or in the immediate postoperative period due to surgical therapy per se. However, follow up of both groups of patients revealed a shorter long‐term survival and higher rates of relapse and severe invasive infections in the surgical group compared to the control group of patients. The mean survival for the study group was 1871 ± 307 days versus 3094 ± 279 days for the control group of patients (P = 0.0027). Thirty (75%) study patients suffered relapses of their malignant hematological disorders versus 23 (37.1%) control patients. Forty‐five relapses were encountered in the study group of patients (1.5 relapses per relapsed patient) versus 26 relapses in the control group (1.13 relapses per relapsed patient). Various infections occurred in 37 (92.5%) study patients and 32 (51.6%) control patients. Recurrent infections developed in 30 (75%) study patients and 22 (35.5%) control patients (P = 0.00008). Infections causing tissue invasion were encountered in 29 (72.5%) study patients and 22 (35.5%) control patients. Conclusion: Even major surgical procedures can be performed in patients with leukemia or lymphoma provided enough preparatory measures are made to minimize bleeding and infectious complications. Surgery may, however, be associated with long‐term complications such as a high incidence of relapse of the primary malignant hematological disorder and an increased rate of severe and invasive infections.     

局限性结节性滑膜炎1例

患者,女,20岁,因右膝痛伴外侧肿物6年余,加重1个月入院。6年前,患者始觉右膝疼痛,时痛时止,曾在本地市人民医院检查诊为“生长痛”,未予处理。2个月后发现右膝外侧有一肿物约0.5cm×1cm×0.8cm,时有时无,疼痛无规律性,与天气变化无关,口服止痛药物效不显。1个月前,疼痛突然加重     

加压空心螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折

股骨颈骨折是骨科常见的创伤,术后常出现骨折不愈合和股骨头坏死,致残率较高,仍是骨折治疗中的一个难题。2004年3月至2006年7月用3枚空心加压螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折52例,效果满意,报告如下。