The effect of supervised rehabilitation on strength, postural sway, position sense and re-injury risk after acute ankle ligament sprain

The effect of an early rehabilitation program, including postural training, on ankle joint function after an ankle ligament sprain was investigated prospectively. Ninety-two subjects, matched for age, sex, and level of sports activity, were randomized to a control or training group. All subject received the same standard information regarding early ankle mobilization. In addition, the training group participated in supervised physical therapy rehabilitation (1 h, twice weekly) with emphasis on balance training. Postural sway, position sense and isometric ankle strength were measured 6 weeks and 4 months after the injury, and at 12 months re-injury data were obtained. In the training group, there was a significant difference between the injured and uninjured side for plantar flexion (P < 0.01), eversion (P < 0.01) and inversion (P < 0.05), but not for dorsiflexion at 6 weeks. In the control group, there was a significant difference between the injured and uninjured side for plantar flexion (P < 0.01), eversion (P < 0.01), inversion (P < 0.01), and dorsiflexion (P < 0.05) at 6 weeks. Postural sway, but not position sense, differed between the injured and uninjured side in both groups (P < 0.01) at 6 weeks. The side-to-side percent differences were similar in both groups for all variables (P > 0.05) at 6 weeks, and there were no side-to-side differences at 4 months in either group. In the control group, 11/38 (29%) suffered a re-injury, while this number was only 2/29 (7%) in the training group (P < 0.05). These data showed that an ankle injury resulted in reduced ankle strength and postural control at 6 weeks, but that these variables had normalized at 4 months, independent of the supervised rehabilitation. However, the findings also demonstrated that supervised rehabilitation may reduce the number of re-injuries, and therefore may play a role in injury prevention.     

Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer

Proprioceptive training has been shown to reduce the incidence of ankle sprains in different sports. It can also improve rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries whether treated operatively or nonoperatively. Since ACL injuries lead to long absence from sports and are one of the main causes of permanent sports disability, it is essential to try to prevent them. In a prospective controlled study of 600 soccer players in 40 semiprofessional or amateur teams, we studied the possible preventive effect of a gradually increasing proprioceptive training on four different types of wobble-boards during three soccer seasons. Three hundred players were instructed to train 20 min per day with 5 different phases of increasing difficulty. The first phase consisted of balance training without any balance board; phase 2 of training on a rectangular balance board; phase 3 of training on a round board; phase 4 of training on a combined round and rectangular board; phase 5 of training on a so-called BABS board. A control group of 300 players from other, comparable teams trained normally and received no special balance training. Both groups were observed for three whole soccer seasons, and possible ACL lesions were diagnosed by clinical examination, KT-1000 measurements, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, and arthroscopy. We found an incidence of 1.15 ACL injuries per team per year in the control group and 0.15 injuries per team per year in the proprioceptively trained group (P<0.001). Proprioceptive training can thus significantly reduce the incidence of ACL injuries in soccer players.     

Comparison of augmented and non-augmented anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction combined with high tibial osteotomy

In a follow-up study 27 patients were evaluated after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL-)reconstruction combined with high tibial osteotomy because of chronic rupture of the ACL, cartilaginous lesions of the medial compartment and varus malalignment. They were divided into two groups. In 14 patients (non-LAD group) ACL reconstruction was performed using the central third of the autologous patellar tendon modified according to Eriksson-Trillat. Thirteen patients (LAD group) underwent repair with the same technique, but a Kennedy ligament augmentation device (LAD) in hot dog technique and fixed over the top was added. The postoperative treatment was the same in both groups. All patients were examined according to IKDC criteria. KT-1000 arthrometer testing at maximum manual traction was performed. Although the mean follow-up interval was more than double in the non-LAD group (non-LAD: 127 months vs LAD: 58 months), the subjective and clinical results, IKDC evaluation and KT-1000 arthrometer testing results were similar, showing no statistically significant difference. Further, no complications due to the use of LAD occurred. In this study no evident functional or clinical advantage from the augmentation performed could be shown.Investigation performed at the Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basle, Switzerland. No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. Funds were received in total or partial support of the research or clinical study presented in this article. The funding sources were SUVA Assurance, Lucerne, and the science fund of the University Hospital Basle     

纵断体层摄影在膝关节前后十字韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折诊断中的应用

对膝关节前后十字韧带胫骨止点骨折，常因关节周围骨骼影像重叠使其显影不清而影响诊断。通过11例该类损伤患者的X线平片及纵断作层片的分析比较，认为纵断体层摄影可清晰显示关节内骨折的形状、大小、范围，获得完整的骨折分层像，从而有利于临床分型，对骨折的诊断及指导治疗有较大的应用价值。     

关节镜下半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的总结膝关节镜下半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带的方法及疗效,分析其优、缺点。方法2004年1月～2005年10月应用半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建前交叉韧带22例,术前和术后进行Lachman试验评估膝关节的稳定性,用Lysholm评分方法评定膝关节功能。结果随访6～24个月,平均(16.0±10.3)个月,术前Lachman试验均为阳性,术后20例为阴性,2例为阳性,术前、术后比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.50,P<0.01);术前Lysholm评分40～85分,平均(56.36±10.20)分,术后70～100分,平均(92.76±11.20)分。术后膝关节功能有明显改善(t=3.14,P<0.01)。结论半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建前交叉韧带具有移植物强大、操作简单、并发症少、近期疗效满意等优点。     

经阴道骶棘韧带固定术治疗子宫脱垂8例临床分析

目的 初步探讨保留子宫的经阴道骶棘韧带固定术治疗子宫脱垂的可行性及有效性.方法 对2006年7月至2008年12月收治的8例子宫脱垂患者进行了保留子宫的经阴道骶棘韧带固定术,合并有尿失禁者同时行尿道中段无张力悬吊术及尿道后韧带折叠术,合并阴道前后壁膨出者同时行阴道前后壁修补术.分析其临床疗效,并进行随访.结果 所有患者均成功进行该术式,根据POP-Q分度法,8例患者的子宫脱垂,阴道前后壁膨出及尿失禁等症状全部得到纠正,术中无一例发生术中、术后出血或盆腔脏器损伤.8患者术后均恢复好,无术后病率,未观察到其他与手术相关的并发症.术后平均随访18个月,患者子宫颈距离处女膜缘均4 cm,相关症状消失或明显改善.结论 对要求保留子宫的子宫脱垂患者施行经阴道骶棘韧带固定术是一种安全、简单,有效的微创手术.     

软组织贴扎技术对老年膝关节内侧副韧带损伤后的康复疗效观察

目的 观察软组织贴扎技术治疗老年患者膝关节内侧副韧带损伤后膝关节功能障碍的康复疗效果,为治疗该病提供方法.方法 选择2019年5月-2020年12月于上海市仁济医院宝山分院康复治疗科和骨科就诊的老年患者共52例,采用随机数字表随机分为2组:试验组(n=27)和对照组(n=25).对照组采取常规康复治疗,试验组在与对照组...     

后交叉韧带损伤MRI诊断指标的评价

目的评价后交叉韧带(PCL)损伤各种MRI征象的诊断价值。资料与方法分析32例经关节镜或临床诊断的PCL损伤患者MRI资料,并与57例非PCL损伤病例对照,总结PCL损伤直接和间接征象,依据各征象建立回归模型。结果正常PCL可分为"弓"形、"U"形、和"打结"形3种形态。根据PCL损伤征象建立的回归模型,其诊断的重要程度依次为PCL消失、不连续,PCL信号异常,内侧副韧带损伤,PCL增粗,三角间隙积液以及骨挫伤。结论MRI是诊断PCL损伤的重要手段。PCL损伤各征象对诊断的重要性不同,以此建立的回归模型有较强的预测能力。     

前交叉韧带重建术后短期内移植体黏性变化

目的 研究前交叉韧带重建(anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, ACLR)术后短时间内移植体黏性的变化规律。方法 选择6只雄性新西兰兔,以跟腱为移植体制作单侧膝关节ACLR动物模型。ACLR术后15 d将实验兔安乐死,取出移植体、健康的前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)和跟腱。测量移植体的截面积,分别进行0.1、1 MPa平衡条件的蠕变实验,并计算黏性系数,总结移植体的黏性变化规律,与健康ACL进行对比。结果 移植体的截面积在手术后15 d内缓慢上升。ACL与移植体的黏性呈非线性变化。在不同应力下,黏性系数有较大差异。移植体黏性系数随ACLR术后时间呈下降趋势,但在低应力下更明显。结论 本文建议,ACLR术后早期康复过程中,应使用助行器,降低步频,并避免踢、踹等对关节冲击的运动。     

距腓前韧带影响踝关节不稳的生物力学研究

目的 探究踝关节不稳中距腓前韧带(anterior talofibular ligament, ATFL)的厚度与弹性模量对踝关节稳定性的影响,为踝关节不稳患者的诊断提供参考依据。 方法 建立踝关节三维有限元模型,改变 ATFL 的厚度与弹性模量,计算踝关节前后向刚度(ankle anteroposterior stiffness, AAS),并作为量化指标评估踝关节稳定性。 结果 ATFL厚度在 0. 78~ 2. 31 mm 范围内引起 AAS 的大幅度变化,且两者关系呈 S 形曲线;ATFL 弹性模量在 60 ~ 400 MPa 变化范围,AAS 随韧带弹性模量增加快速上升。 结论 ATFL 厚度与弹性模量均会影响踝关节的稳定性。