兔实验性上颌窦炎模型的制备和扩大上颌窦自然开口的疗效

目的 探讨实验性上颌窦炎动物模型的制备方法，并在此基础上讨论扩大兔上颌窦自然开口对慢性上颌窦炎的治疗效果。方法 40只新西兰大白兔分为6组；空白对照组(5侧)，假手术对照组(10侧)、窦口阻塞组(13侧)，仅注入细菌组(10侧)窦口阻塞加注入金黄色葡萄球菌组(20侧)，窦口阻塞加注入肺炎链球菌组(22侧)；将鼻窦炎模型再分为窦口开放和窦口扩大两组，观察术后不同时间的窦腔脓性分泌物和细菌培养情况。结果 对照组(空白对照组 假手术对照组)细菌培养阳性率为13．3％(2／15侧)，窦口阻塞组为84．6％(1l／13侧)，仅注入细菌组为10．0％(1／10侧)，窦口阻塞加注入金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌组均为100．0％(20／20侧，22／22侧)。扩大上颌窦自然开口对实验性上颌窦炎的有效率达80.8％(21／26侧)，开放上颌窦窦口对实验性上颌窦炎的有效率达50．0％(8／16侧)。结论 窦口阻塞加注入细菌的方法可成功制造实验性上颌窦炎模型，窦口扩大术对实验性上颌窦炎的疗效较窦口开放术好。     

超声心动图对62例房间隔缺损封堵术后心功能变化的评价

目的：应用超声心动图评价房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术前后左、右心室功能的变化。方法：对62例成功施行经皮穿刺ASD封堵术的患者进行研究。所有患者在术前、术后1周及1个月分别进行超声心动图检查．观察心脏大小及功能的改变。结果：ASD封堵术后，左室舒张末期前后径、左室舒张末期容积、左室每搏量及左室射血分数增大，而左室收缩末期容积未见明显改变；右室舒张末期前后径、右室舒张末期容积、右室收缩末期容积、右室每搏量、右室射血分数及右室心肌工作指数均减小。结论：经皮穿刺ASD封堵治疗既可减轻右室容量负荷，改善右室功能，也可改善左室的收缩功能：超声心动图对ASD封堵前后心脏血流动力学评价及疗效的观察起了重要的作用。     

介入治疗34例膜部室间隔缺损

目的：评价介入治疗膜部室间隔缺损的临床效果。方法：经胸超声心动图及临床表现诊断为膜部室间隔缺损的患者34例，在局部或全身麻醉下行经导管室间隔缺损的介入治疗，其中31例应用Amplatzer不对称型膜部室间隔缺损封堵器，3例应用国产室间隔缺损封堵器。术中连续经胸超声心动图和X线监测，术后1天、1月、3月、6月行心电图及超声心动图复查。结果：超声测定膜部室间隔缺损直径为3．0～11．6mm(平均4．5mm)，距离主动脉右冠瓣2．7～7．8mm(平均3．6mm)，左心室造影测定膜部室间隔缺损的直径为3．0～8．8mm(平均5．4mm)，所选膜部室间隔缺损封堵器直径为4．0～16mm(平均7．9mm)。技术成功率100％。超声心动图示术后即刻残余分流为17．6％(6／34)，24h后残余分流为8．8％(3／34)，1个月后残余分流为5．9％(2／34)。34例患者术中均有一过性室性心律失常，1例发生一过性心跳骤停。术后1例出现股静脉血栓形成，3例出现了一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞，2例于术后24h内发生溶血，经内科治疗后完全恢复，未见封堵器脱落、主动脉瓣返流等并发症。结论：经导管关闭膜部室间隔缺损的操作简单、方便、并发症少，残余分流少见，值得在临床全面推广。     

经导管封闭治疗小儿继发孔房间隔缺损

目的探讨应用经导管封闭治疗小儿房间隔缺损的临床效果.方法 16例ASD患儿.男6例,女10例;年龄2～14(8±4)岁,体重10～40(23±9)Kg.先行右心导管用球囊导管测量ASD大小,选择适合的封堵器,在X线及超声引导下释放封堵器堵闭ASD,术后随访疗效,追踪残余分流率和并发症.结果应用此法封闭16例ASD,全部成功.手术时间为(70±30)血n,透视时间(13±8)min,术中无明显并发症.术后随访右房、右室径较术前明显缩小,恢复正常(P＜0.05);无残余分流发生.结论经导管封闭治疗小儿房间隔缺损术具有创伤小,成功率高,安全性好的优点,但其长期疗效需进一步随访观察.     

Thoracoscopic closure of a congenital partial pericardial defect

We describe our technique for performing direct thoracoscopic closure of a congenital partial pericardial defect, which was successfully employed in a 15-year-old boy. This is the first such report of a procedure that is noninvasive and may therefore become the treatment of choice for patients with a small congenital pericardial defect.     

先天性心脏病与柯萨奇病毒B3,B4感染的关系

采用配对病例对照研究，探讨先心病与柯萨奇病毒B3、B4感染的关系，结果显示：病例组与对照组患儿CVB3、CVB4．IgG抗体阳性率分别为59．3％、54．3％和53．6％、45．7％，差异天显著性（P值均＞0．05）；经单因素和多因素回归分析均未发现CVB3、CVB4感染与先心病有病因学联系（P＞0．05）     

Incremental Value of Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Over Transesophageal Multiplane Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Cardiac Masses and Defects

In the present study, we compared three-dimensionally (3-D) reconstructed images with multiplane two-dimensional (2-D) transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) images in 17 patients with various cardiac masses and defects. To overcome the problem of making measurements from 3-D reconstructed images, we carefully "dissected" the 3-D dataset using paraplane and anyplane 2-D sections, which were then used to obtain the maximum sizes of the cardiac masses and defects. Of the 15 vegetations and 9 abscesses detected by 3-D TEE in 7 patients, only 8 (53%) vegetations and 4 (44%) abscesses were detected by multiplane 2-D TEE (P < 0.02). Also, the exact anatomical location, shape, geometry, and extent of various cardiac masses and defects were more clearly delineated by 3-D than 2-D TEE. The maximum dimensions of cardiac masses and defects were larger by 3-D than by 2-D TEE in 17 (89%) of the 19 lesions available for comparison (P < 0.002). In addition, 3-D TEE correlated more closely than 2-D TEE when compared to surgical measurements in three patients in whom they were available. Thus, it would appear that in several instances, the exact size of the cardiac lesion could only be assessed by analysis of the 3-D volumetric dataset. Out preliminary study has demonstrated the superiority of transesophageal 3-D reconstruction over multiplane 2-D TEE in both qualitative and quantitative assessment of various cardiac mass lesions and pathological defects.     

头皮缺损颅骨外露的修复

我科1980～1991年收治外伤性或颅面部肿瘤切除后头皮缺损颅骨外露9例,分别应用吻合血管的游离大网膜结合中厚皮片移植、游离皮瓣或轴型皮瓣转位结合皮片移植修复。讨论了修复时机、修复方法以及手术注意事项。认为双侧股前外侧游离皮瓣是修复全头皮缺损颅骨外露的可取方法,而吻合血管的游离大网膜移植修复颅骨外露的方法应尽量避免。     

Recurrence risk for major congenital heart defects in Sweden: A registry study

During the period 1981–1986, 1605 infants presenting a major congenital heart defect (CHD) were identified in Sweden. Using the personal identification numbers of the mothers, 1507 of them could be linked to the Medical Birth Registry and two controls were selected for each infant. For this total of 4521 infants, 2686 postoccurrence sibs born during the period 1981–1989 were identified from the Medical Birth Registry. The tendency to have one or more sibs was higher among cases than among controls and was correlated to the life status of the proband. This tendency did not vary according to the type of CHD when controlling for life status. The prevalence at birth of CHD was almost four times higher among sibs of CHD infants than among sibs of normal infants. The tendency to have a sib with an extracardiac malformation did not differ between CHD probands and normal probands. The importance of only including births occurring after the proband when evaluating recurrence risks is stressed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.