心房颤动患者血栓前状态及血栓形成与内皮功能关系的研究进展

心房颤动患者血栓前状态及血栓形成与内皮细胞受损的关系密切,二者常相互加重而形成恶性循环,本文简要综述了近年来对二者关系的研究状况,提出除常规的抗凝治疗之外,积极改善患者内皮功能对于纠治血栓前状态、减少栓塞事件的发生将具有重要临床意义的新思路。     

Role of Micronutrients in Skin Health and Function

Skin is the first line of defense for protecting our bodies against external perturbations, including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, mechanical/chemical stress, and bacterial infection. Nutrition is one of many factors required for the maintenance of overall skin health. An impaired nutritional status alters the structural integrity and biological function of skin, resulting in an abnormal skin barrier. In particular, the importance of micronutrients (such as certain vitamins and minerals) for skin health has been highlighted in cell culture, animal, and clinical studies. These micronutrients are employed not only as active compounds in therapeutic agents for treating certain skin diseases, but also as ingredients in cosmetic products. Here, the author describes the barrier function of the skin and the general nutritional requirements for skin health. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential roles and current knowledge of selected micronutrients in skin health and function.     

姜黄素激活Nrf2抗氧化系统缓解百草枯诱导的胰岛素抵抗

目的：观察姜黄素是否具有改善百草枯（ paraquat,PQ）所致氧化应激诱导的胰岛素抵抗作用并探讨其改善胰岛素抵抗的效应机理。方法将实验小鼠随机分成对照组（ Control组）,百草枯组（ PQ组）以及PQ加姜黄素组（ Cur组）。 PQ和Cur组连续腹腔注射百草枯7天造模成功后。 Cur组继续Cur灌胃干预。7天后,取胰岛素敏感组织肌肉,用蛋白免疫印迹方法（ Western blot,WB）检测蛋白水平和磷酸化变化,并检测脂质过氧化指标MDA。结果在PQ诱导的小鼠胰岛素抵抗模型中,姜黄素可改善小鼠葡萄糖耐量并对抗 PQ 所致的胰岛素信号蛋白 PKB－Ser473磷酸化损害;姜黄素还可明显降低肌肉MDA水平,激活小鼠Nrf2系统,促进Nrf2核转位和NQO－1的表达,同时能增强IкBα的水平,缓解氧化应激及炎症反应。结论姜黄素通过增强内源性Nrf2系统功能和胰岛素信号水平,对抗PQ诱导的氧化应激,是其缓解胰岛素抵抗的重要机理。     

The Impaired Function of Macrophages Induced by Strenuous Exercise Could Not Be Ameliorated by BCAA Supplementation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of strenuous exercise on the functions of peritoneal macrophages in rats and to test the hypothesis that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation will be beneficial to the macrophages of rats from strenuous exercise. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (C) Control, E) Exercise, (E1) Exercise with one week to recover, (ES) Exercise + Supplementation and (ES1) Exercise + Supplementation with 1 week to recover. All rats except those of the sedentary control were subjected to four weeks of strenuous exercise. Blood hemoglobin, serum testosterone and BCAA levels were tested. Peritoneal macrophages functions were also determined at the same time. The data showed that hemoglobin, testosterone, BCAA levels, and body weight in group E decreased significantly as compared with that of group C. Meanwhile, phagocytosis capacity (decreased by 17.07%, p = 0.031), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (decreased by 26%, p = 0.003) and MHC II mRNA (decreased by 22%, p = 0.041) of macrophages decreased in the strenuous exercise group as compared with group C. However, the chemotaxis of macrophages did not change significantly. In addition, BCAA supplementation could slightly increase the serum BCAA levels of rats from strenuous exercise (increased by 6.70%, p > 0.05). Moreover, the body weight, the blood hemoglobin, the serum testosterone and the function of peritoneal macrophages in group ES did not change significantly as compared with group E. These results suggest that long-term intensive exercise impairs the function of macrophages, which is essential for microbicidal capability. This may represent a novel mechanism of immunosuppression induced by strenuous exercise. Moreover, the impaired function of macrophage induced by strenuous exercise could not be ameliorated by BCAA supplementation in the dosing and timing used for this study.     

不同术式治疗小度数集合不足型间歇性外斜视疗效分析

目的探讨不同的手术方式对于小度数集合不足型间歇性外斜视的治疗效果。方法收集2007年1月~2014年2月在我院就诊、符合小度数集合不足型间歇性外斜视诊断的患者158例,根据所行手术方式不同分为三组。其中单眼外直肌后徙术组44例,单眼内直肌缩短术组63例,单眼少量外直肌后徙联合内直肌缩短术组51例。术后随访6~12个月观察眼位及双眼视功能恢复情况。结果三种手术方式术后远期正位率的比较:单眼少量外直肌后徙联合内直肌缩短术组,术后正位率优于单眼外直肌后徙组,χ~2=15.587,P=0.001,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);优于单眼内直肌缩短术组,χ~2=13.063,P=0.001,差异有统计学意义。术后双眼视功能恢复比较:单眼少量外直肌后徙联合内直肌缩短术组,术后视功能恢复优于单眼外直肌后徙组,χ~2=9.633,P=0.022,差异有统计学意义;优于单眼内直肌缩短术组,χ~2=10.270,P=0.016,差异有统计学意义。结论对于小度数集合不足型外斜视的患者手术宜选择单眼少量外直肌退后联合内直肌缩短,有助于改善集合功能,稳定眼位。可以作为治疗小度数集合不足型外斜视的首选术式。     

Efficacy and safety of alfuzosin 10 mg once daily in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disorder in ageing men. Patients with BPH often present with bothersome irritative and obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms -- urgency, frequency, nocturia, feeling of insufficient bladder emptying and weak or intermittent flow. alpha(1)-Blockers are the most frequently prescribed oral medications for the first-line treatment of the symptoms associated with BPH. Alfuzosin is a uroselective alpha(1)-blocker that relaxes the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate gland to alleviate BPH symptoms. A pooled analysis of three phase III trials confirmed that treatment with alfuzosin 10 mg q.d. significantly improves the peak urinary flow rate and symptom severity compared with placebo treatment. Unlike some other alpha(1)-blockers, alfuzosin 10 mg q.d. is associated with a low incidence of sexual and vasodilatory side effects. Based on the clinical trials reviewed, alfuzosin 10 mg q.d. is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for the urinary symptoms associated with BPH.     

哮喘病血清嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白测定及临床意义

目的探讨测定哮喘患者血清嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白( ECP)临床意义及理论根据.方法采用化学发光免疫测定 36例哮喘轻中度发作患者血清 ECP及肺功能最高峰值流速( PEF)和第 1秒用力呼气容量( FEVI),并予以吸入糖皮质激素(丙酸倍氯米松)治疗 3个月后以及停用丙酸倍氯米松 4周后各复查血清 ECP、肺功能.对照组 30例为非哮喘病人,仅测定血清 ECP.结果哮喘病人血清 ECP明显高于非哮喘者,有明显差异( P<0.01).停用吸入激素 4周后,哮喘患者血清 ECP复又升高,肺功能下降( P<0.01).结论血清 ECP是哮喘病一很好的疾病标记物,检测血清 ECP在哮喘病的诊断、疗效评价以及预后估计中有确切的临床意义.