喉罩在院前心肺复苏中的应用

目的观察喉罩在院前心肺复苏中建立紧急通气道的临床效果。方法将我院急诊科2005年7月至2010年12月140例院前呼吸心跳骤停患者随机分为2组,对照组70例采用简易呼吸器,观察组70例采用喉罩。对比操作的难易程度,操作所需时间,复苏成功率。结果喉罩行机械通气操作简单,一次插管成功率高,复苏成功率14.29%,高于简易呼吸器手控呼吸组(5.71%,P<0.05)。结论喉罩行机械通气操作简单、迅速、有效,气道管理方便、快捷,便于安全转运患者,进一步提高复苏成功率。     

3M~(TM)1860型N95颗粒物医用防护口罩的定性适合性检验

目的检验3MTM1860型N95颗粒物医用防护口罩在医务人员中的适合性,促进医务人员了解N95防护口罩正确的佩戴方法及调节方法。方法通过3MTMFT-30定性适合性检验设备,采用定性的方法,检验3MTM1860型N95颗粒物医用防护口罩对医务人员的适合程度。结果 637名参加测试的医务人员,有13人(2.04%)对苦味剂不敏感;其他人员敏感性级别分级为1级556人(87.28%)、2级49人(7.69%)、3级19人(2.98%)。637名医务人员中611人(95.92%)通过了定性适合性检验,26人(4.08%)未通过适合性检验。结论适合性检验能让医务人员了解正确的口罩佩戴方法,同时可以根据个人脸型等因素选择适合自己使用的防护口罩。     

重症缺血性卒中患者以氧气面罩供应高流量氧气的血氧分析研究

目的 调查在严重的缺血性卒中患者中,一个大气压下连续使用高流量氧气的安全性和血气分析情况。方法 根据我们先前研究的方法学,从2005年8月到2007年2月收集48h内16例严重的缺血性卒中患者;通过2：1（面罩对套管）随机化分配成使用面罩组或者套管组,各使用10d。入组标准为美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）得分≥17分且梗死面积超过大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)分布区2/3的患者。分别在入院初、入组的隔天及第11天上午6点采集患者的动脉血进行血气分析研究。结果 在连续18个月中有57例严重的MCA灌流域梗塞形成的患者,其中16例符合纳入与排除的入组标准,有11例患者被随机分配到氧气口鼻面罩组,5位患者被分配到氧气鼻管组。两组存活患者动脉血气体分析和APACHE II得分在入组最初、入组后隔天及第11天没有统计上的差别;NIHSS得分最初都是22分,出院时均为16分。但研究发现干扰因子如颅骨移除术和插管过度换气,可能对于患者的存活分析有影响。结论 这次小规模研究主要目的是探讨氧气的连续性使用,对于患者安全与存活结果有无影响,并补足先前研究未做血氧分析的缺陷。面罩式给氧与鼻管给氧的前后气体分析与患者存活基本上无统计的差别,可能和干扰因子的影响有关,需要通过更大型的临床研究来验证那些不完全收集的数据。     

无创通气患者经面罩置入鼻胃管行肠内营养期间预防误吸的护理

目的：探讨无创通气患者经面罩置入鼻胃管行肠内营养期间减少误吸发生的方法。方法对11例无创通气患者经面罩置入鼻胃管行肠内营养期间寻找可能发生误吸的原因,通过正确评估病情,正确实施无创通气、合理胃肠营养等措施来避免误吸的发生。结果本组11例急性呼吸衰竭行无创通气患者经面罩置入鼻胃管行肠内营养治疗后均未发生误吸。结论对急性呼吸衰竭行无创通气患者经面罩置入鼻胃管行肠内营养治疗期间,针对其可能发生误吸的原因,采取合理的措施,误吸是可以预防的。     

The detection of motion in chromatic stimuli: pedestals and masks

This study seeks to clarify the reasons for some of the differences in the published data on chromatic motion perception, and to provide further support for the existence of a low-level motion mechanism sensitive to purely chromatic change. Observers discriminated the direction of motion of displaced sinusoidal gratings in the presence of a static grating mask (or pedestal). Each component of the stimulus was independently described in cardinal colour space and calibrated for subjective equiluminance using multiple methods. The motion structure, stimulus size, temporal frequency, contrast, relative phase and chromatic properties were all varied parametrically and the data cast in terms of predictions made by two different theoretical approaches to the test-mask combination. The vast majority of the data were well explained by a low-level motion mechanism sensitive to the motion of foveally-placed chromatic stimuli. Data consistent with either higher-level motion perception or a luminance-like signal were found outside the fovea and when the stimulus properties did not otherwise favour chromatic motion perception. There was some explanation of inconsistencies in previously published data and a strong suggestion that previous results showing pedestal-like behaviour for these stimulus combinations were a special case rather than a general result.     

喉罩和气管插管全麻用于腹腔镜胆囊手术的比较

目的 比较喉罩和气管插管全麻用于腹腔镜胆囊手术的临床效果.方法 80例ASA为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、血压正常的择期全麻腹腔镜胆囊手术患者,随机分为喉罩组和气管导管组,每组各40例.观察插管(喉罩)前后血压、心率的变化以及术后咽喉疼痛情况.结果 气管插管组导管插入后的血压、心率均较插入前明显升高,喉罩组则没有明显变化.气管插管组咽痛...     

Microbiota profiles on the surface of non-woven fabric masks after wearing

This study aimed to characterize commensal microbiota on the skin before and after wearing masks, and to characterize the microbiota on the surface of used masks after 1 week of drying. From the 13 human subjects (age range, 19–26 years), mean bacterial concentrations of (6.1 ± 11.0) × 10⁵ and (1.0 ± 1.4) × 10⁶ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL were recovered from the skin of the buccal areas wiped with a sterile cotton swab before and after wearing non-woven fabric masks for 8 h, respectively. Furthermore (3.4 ± 4.9) × 10⁴ CFU/mL of bacteria were recovered from the mask surfaces. The bacteria contained in the masks, which consisted mainly of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis/aureus, virtually disappeared after drying the masks indoors for 1 week.     

Quick method of measuring the furrows distribution on skin surface replicas

A fast method of measuring the distribution of furrows can be obtained via the analysis of TV camera images of skin replicas. These replicas are either negative (or direct) or positive. Reflected or transmitted light is used, depending on the type of replica. Each point of the matrix (256×256 pixels) is digitised over 6 bits (64 levels) and treated by a personal computer (IBM AT or PC). With such an image, it is not possible to obtain significant results without eliminating noise and enhancing the furrows. Specific software is written in processor language 8086 to obtain a real time system. The distribution of skin furrows is quantified for several interesting cases such as the ageing of the skin or the effect of stress.     

不同吸入麻醉方式对局灶性大脑中动脉缺血-再灌注模型制作的影响

目的比较保留自主呼吸的面罩全身麻醉和气管插管呼吸机控制呼吸全身麻醉两种吸入麻醉方式对局灶性大脑中动脉缺血-再灌注大鼠模型制作过程中各项生理参数（血压、pH值、动脉血氧分压和二氧化碳分压、血糖、脑温、直肠温度）以及脑梗死病变的影响。方法采用健康雄性成年SD大鼠制作改良ZeaLonga局灶性大脑中动脉缺血-再灌注模型,室温20～22°C,相对湿度60%。先采用面罩吸入诱导麻醉,随后A组大鼠行气管插管吸入全身麻醉,由呼吸机控制呼吸;B组大鼠施以面罩吸入全身麻醉,保留自主呼吸。监测模型制作过程中大鼠平均动脉血压、动脉血氧分压和二氧化碳分压、pH值、血糖、脑温（皮质、纹状体）和直肠温度的变化;观察再灌注前30min、再灌注后24h和48h的神经功能缺损程度评分,以及再灌注后48h两组大鼠存活率和脑梗死范围的差异。结果动物模型制作过程中两组大鼠不同时限动脉血氧分压和二氧化碳分压、pH值及血糖水平的变化,组间差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）,但A组不同时限平均动脉血压高于B组,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;而再灌注前后脑温和直肠温度略低于B组,但差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。两组再灌注前30min、再灌注后24h和48h神经功能缺损程度评分和再灌注后48h存活率差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。再灌注后48h,A组大鼠梗死体积[（56.70±4.20）%]低于B组[（64.30±3.50）%],差异有统计学意义（t=-5.105,P=0.000）。结论吸入麻醉方式不同对局灶性大脑中动脉缺血-再灌注模型大鼠的脑温、直肠温度、pH值、血糖及动脉血氧分压和二氧化碳分压无明显影响,但可造成大鼠在手术过程中平均动脉血压和梗死范围的差异。