意识障碍患者间断面罩雾化吸入异丙托溴铵的疗效观察

目的研究氧气雾化吸入器面罩吸入异丙托溴铵的有效性。方法氧气雾化吸入器面罩吸入异丙托溴铵与传统鼻塞吸氧方法进行比较。结果氧气雾化吸入器面罩吸入异丙托溴铵与传统鼻塞吸氧相比,前者吸痰次数、痰液黏稠、刺激性咳嗽、气道出血率、肺部感染率均低于传统鼻塞吸氧对照组;血氧分压则高于对照组。结论氧气雾化吸入器面罩雾化吸入异丙托溴铵是有效降低痰液黏稠,预防吸入性肺炎并发症发生的重要途径。     

肺泡表面活性物质联合气道持续正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征疗效观察

目的:观察及分析采用肺泡表面活性物质联合气道持续正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效。方法:分析66例患有新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的患儿临床资料,救治方式为经鼻气道持续正压通气联合肺泡表面活性物质的37例为观察组和传统面罩通气联合肺泡表面活性物质的29例为对照组,对于两组患儿治疗前后各方面情况进行对比。结果:两组患儿经治疗后大多数临床症状均有明显改善,血气分析治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为78.38%,对照组治疗总有效率为75.86%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。并发症观察组少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿住院时间及治疗费用观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:两种方式治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征均可以有效起到治疗作用,而肺泡表面活性物质联合气道持续正压通气的方式与传统的联合面罩通气相比较,并发症发生率降低,住院时间及治疗费用降低。     

Airway ultrasound for patients anticipated to have a difficult airway: Perspective for personalized medicine

Airway ultrasound allows for precise airway evaluation, particularly for assessing the difficult airway and the potential for front of neck access. Many studies have shown that identification of the cricothyroid membrane by airway ultrasound is more accurate than digital palpation. However, no reports to date have provided clinical evidence that ultrasound identification of the cricothyroid membrane increases the success rate of cricothyroidotomy. This is a narrative review which describes patients with difficult airways for whom airway ultrasound may have been useful for clinical decision making. The role of airway ultrasound for the evaluation of difficult airways is summarized and an approach to the use of ultrasound for airway management is proposed. The goal of this review is to present practical applications of airway ultrasound for patients predicted to have a difficult airway and who undergo cricothyroidotomy.