5种中草药提取物对大鼠的减肥降脂作用

目的检验5种中草药提取物(5ECH)对大鼠的减肥降脂作用及其机制。方法喂饲高脂饲料制备肥胖高脂大鼠模型，5ECH各设两个剂量为实验组，曲美和血脂康为阳性对照组，羧甲基纤维素钠为阴性对照组，各组均ig相应药物。TACHI-7170A自动生化分析仪测定血浆甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)含量；分光光度法和同位素法测定脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)及脂酰辅酶A合酶(ACS)活性。常规称重法测定各组大鼠体重增长指数(BWI)、脂肪质量(BF)及摄食量(FI)。结果5ECH对大鼠BWI、BF、TG、TC和FI具有剂量依赖性抑制作用；并剂量依赖性地抑制FAS活性，提高ACS活性。BWI与FI具有高度相关性，TG和TC水平与FAS及ACS具有高度相关性，BF与FI及两种酶的活性具有高度相关性。结论5ECH通过抑制食欲、抑制FAS活性和促进ACS活性而对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠具有显著的剂量依赖性减肥降脂作用。     

Quadruplet in vitro fertilization pregnancy complicated by fetal reduction and leiomyoma

A woman had a quadruplet IVF pregnancy with a leiomyomatous uterus. Pregnancy resulted in the birth of one baby after missed abortion of one fetus and selective reduction of two others. The woman had a left deep calf vein thrombosis in the first half of pregnancy.     

Perforation during gas reduction of intussusception

Perforation during attempted gas-enema reduction of intussusception is more common than during a barium enema. In a review of 650 consecutive attempted gas enemas, perforation occurred in 7 infants (1.1%). Gross abdominal distension from the pneumoperitoneum may be rapid and cause splinting of the diaphragm, which leads to acute respiratory distress. This complication is readily recognised at the time of the gas enema, and may require immediate intervention by paracentesis using a 14-gauge needle. A review of 7 children with intussusception in whom perforation occurred revealed that all had radiologic evidence of bowel obstruction (air-fluid levels) prior to the enema, and the patients had had a relatively long history since the onset of symptoms. No perforation occurred during a delayed repeat enema reduction. Perforation during gas enema produces minimal peritoneal contamination. No pathological lesion at the lead point of the intussusception was identified in any of the children in whom perforation occurred.     

Technetium-99m labeling of a molecule bearing easily reducible groups

Chemical stability of the naphthol-azo dye Evans Blue (EB) was examined in the presence of acidic stannous chloride (SnCl₂), with a view to preparing an instant cold kit. EB was found to be reactive toward this reducing agent, yielding the metal-chelating molecule 1,7-diamino-8-naphthol-2,4-disulfonic acid at high acidity and high stannous concentrations. This reduction reaction was undesirable in the cold kit preparation. The conditions were determined where reduction was inhibited, at pH = 5.0 and with a mole ratio of EB to SnCl₂ = [10:1], effecting the facile preparation of stable cold kits. Successful ^99mTc-labeling of an EB cold kit using these conditions resulted in the desired product with 98% radiochemical purity. Based on the radiolabeling efficiencies of chosen model compounds, it was rationalized that ^99mTc metal predominantly coordinated with the 1-amino-8-hydroxy groups in the EB molecule to form ^99mTc-EB.     

孕早期选择性减胎术在多胎妊娠中的临床应用

目的:探讨孕早期选择性减胎术的实施方法、安全性及临床应用的可行性.方法:对 14例孕 7～ 8周三胎及三胎以上 的孕妇,进行经阴道选择性减胎术,观察术后腹痛及阴道流血情况、感染发生率、剩余胚胎安全性等.结果: 14例减 胎均一次性成功,术后有一例出现轻微腹痛,自行缓解,余均无异常情况,剩余胚胎胎心搏动良好.结论:孕早期经 阴道选择性减胎术成功率高,副反应少,对剩余胚胎无明显影响,适用于多胎妊娠的处理.     

Assessing the Efficiency of HIV Prevention around the World: Methods of the PANCEA Project

Objective. To develop data collection methods suitable to obtain data to assess the costs, cost-efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of eight types of HIV prevention programs in five countries.
Data Sources/Study Setting. Primary data collection from prevention programs for 2002–2003 and prior years, in Uganda, South Africa, India, Mexico, and Russia.
Study Design. This study consisted of a retrospective review of HIV prevention programs covering one to several years of data. Key variables include services delivered (outputs), quality indicators, and costs.
Data Collection/Extraction Methods. Data were collected by trained in-country teams during week-long site visits, by reviewing service and financial records and interviewing program managers and clients.
Principal Findings. Preliminary data suggest that the unit cost of HIV prevention programs may be both higher and more variable than previous studies suggest.
Conclusions. A mix of standard data collection methods can be successfully implemented across different HIV prevention program types and countries. These methods can provide comprehensive services and cost data, which may carry valuable information for the allocation of HIV prevention resources.     

外固定架复位动力髁钢板固定治疗陈旧性短缩股骨髁间伴髁上骨折

目的:探讨外固定架复位动力髁钢板固定治疗陈旧性短缩股骨髁间伴髁上骨折的治疗方法。方法:自2000年2月～2005年10月采用动力髁钢板治疗陈旧性短缩股骨髁间伴髁上粉碎骨折16例,其中男13例,女3例/年龄21～59岁,平均35.4岁;骨折断端短缩3～8cm,平均5cm。伤后3～8周间手术。术中使用外固定支架牵开恢复肢体长度,复位骨折,同时植骨,动力加压螺钉钢板固定。术后膝关节应屈曲30°放置,早期进行功能锻炼,以HSS评分评价膝关节功能,以优良率表示。结果:随访14例患者,骨折全部愈合,无膝关节内、外翻现象,无断钉、断板、钢板折弯并发症,患肢短缩在0～1.5cm之内。优良率65%。结论:对陈旧性短缩股骨髁间伴髁上粉碎骨折,术中使用外固定支架复位,方法简便,效果满意,动力髁钢板固定可靠,疗效肯定。     

小儿伸直型肱骨髁上骨折的治疗方法分析

目的：探讨伸直位石膏固定治疗伸直型肱骨髁上骨折的方法及并发症的预防。方法：用闭合复位方法治疗52例（1-12岁）伸直型肱骨髁上骨折；介绍伸直位石膏固定的复位固定方法及并发症的预防。结果：本组获2年以上的随访，且无缺血性肌挛缩、肘内翻和关节僵硬等并发症。结论：伸直型肱骨髁上骨折伸直位石膏固定经济方便。并发症少。效果良好。值得推广。     

自制组织芯片检测宫颈上皮内瘤变中p16蛋白的表达

目的:研究p16蛋白在宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)中的表达及探讨其辅助诊断价值.方法:利用自制组织芯片进行184例CIN病变上皮和30例正常上皮HE光镜观察和免疫组化检测p16蛋白表达.结果:①自制组织芯片切片染色满意,达到较大标本量研究要求;②p16蛋白在10例正常对照和20例病变组织中的正常鳞状上皮与腺上皮均阴性表达,在CIN1中为88.1%(52/59),在CIN 2、CIN 3中均为100.0%表达,且表达的强度与CIN分级明显相关,有显著统计学意义(P＜0.001).CIN 1大部分阳性细胞限于上皮层的下1/3,CIN 2限于上皮的下2/3,而CIN 3则较多超过上皮的2/3或全层弥漫阳性,其表达层次与CIN分级明显相关,有显著统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论:在宫颈CIN的诊断及分级中,p16蛋白作为辅助诊断标记物有较好的应用价值;而自制的组织芯片成本低,质量上能达到科研要求,值得基层单位应用.     

桦木酸对人肿瘤细胞的抗癌活性筛选

目的研究桦木酸(betulinic acid,BetA)对9种人肿瘤细胞的作用。方法采用噻唑兰(MTT)比色法测定KB(口腔上皮癌细胞)、OVCAR(卵巢癌细胞)、Bcap-37(乳腺癌细胞)、A2780(卵巢癌细胞)、HT-29(大肠癌细胞)、LS-1747(结肠腺癌细胞)、SMMC-7721(肝癌细胞)、PC-14(肺癌细胞)、K562(白血病细胞)对桦木酸及常用抗癌药cDDP(顺铂)、Taxol(紫杉醇)的敏感性。结果KB细胞对BetA最为敏感(IC50为11.6μmol.L-1),其次为LS-1747(IC50为12.5μmol.L-1)、SMMC-7721(IC50为25.0μmol.L-1)。结论桦木酸可以用作特异性的细胞增殖抑制剂。