Repurposing of berbamine hydrochloride to inhibit Ebola virus by targeting viral glycoprotein

Ebola virus (EBOV) infection leads to staggeringly high mortality rate. Effective and low-cost treatments are urgently needed to control frequent EBOV outbreaks in Africa. In this study, we report that a natural compound called berbamine hydrochloride strongly inhibits EBOV replication in vitro and in vivo. Our work further showed that berbamine hydrochloride acts by directly binding to the cleaved EBOV glycoprotein (GPcl), disrupting GPcl interaction with viral receptor Niemann-Pick C1, thus blocking the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Our data support the probability of developing anti-EBOV small molecule drugs by targeting viral GPcl. More importantly, since berbamine hydrochloride has been used in clinic to treat leukopenia, it holds great promise of being quickly repurposed as an anti-EBOV drug.     

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Review of the Orofacial Implications

Obstructive sleep apnoea is a complex multifactorial condition produced by a combination of anatomical and physiological factors. There is a significant associated mortality and morbidity to obstructive sleep apnoea. There is an at least 25 per cent increased mortality from cardiovascular disease when obstructive sleep apnoea patients are compared to age and gender matched healthy people. Obstructive sleep apnoea sufferers also have a much higher industrial and motor vehicle accident rate. Management of the condition should be undertaken by a multidisciplinary team including respiratory physicians, sleep laboratory technicians, otorhinolaryngologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons and dental specialists. The diagnostic and therapeutic interactions of team members are the key to successful treatment. The treatment regime utilises nasal continuous positive airway pressure devices, mandibular advancement splints and soft and hard tissue surgery. This review provides the dental practitioner with an introduction to obstructive sleep apnoea with particular emphasis on the orofacial aspects.     

使用减压床垫患者翻身间隔时间的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析来探讨使用减压床垫患者有效预防压疮的翻身间隔时间。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、维普、万方、中国知网、CBM等数据库。检索时限从建库至2015年10月15日。由2名评价员按纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献,提取资料并评价文献质量后,采用RevMan5.1软件进行分析。结果最终纳入13篇RCT文献,其中英文文献4篇,中文文献9篇,共3 510例患者纳入研究。Meta分析结果显示,翻身间隔时间2h、3h、4h预防压疮效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);4h与6h翻身1次压疮预防效果比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2h与4h翻身1次在预防肺炎效果方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论使用减压床垫患者翻身间隔时间可延长至4h,4h翻身1次不增加压疮和肺炎发生率,可减轻频繁翻身给患者带来的不适,减少护士工作量,节约医疗卫生资源等。     

森田疗法治疗强迫症的操作技术及其疗效

目的 探讨森田疗法治疗强迫症的操作技术及其疗效。方法 应用住院式森田疗法治疗病程超过2年，经门诊多种治疗疗效不佳或不能耐受药物的患者70例，并于治疗前后测试Y—BOCS、SCL—90以判断疗效。结果 10例因各种原因退出治疗，完成治疗的60例患者Y—BOCS、SCL—90总分及各因子分均下降，患者强迫症状明显改善。结论 住院式森田疗法治疗强迫症有效，具体操作技术对疗效影响显著。     

儿童肱骨髁上骨折治疗中预防肘内翻的探讨

目的:探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折治疗中降低肘内翻的发生率。方法:回顾性总结76例肱骨髁上骨折病例资料,按治疗方法分为手法复位加小夹板固定组(A组)31例,手法复位加石膏外固定组(B组)24例,尺骨鹰嘴牵引组(C组,2周后去除牵引改石膏固定)9例,手术治疗组(D组)12例。对A组与B组以及4组中的Ⅲa型骨折病例的疗效进行分析比较,并作统计学处理,着重对肘内翻的预防加以探讨。结果:所有病例经4~36个月随访,通过摄患侧肘关节标准正侧位X线片,治疗前后测量鲍曼氏角(BA角)、携带角(CA角),参照郭仲华等对肱骨髁上骨折疗效标准的评定。A组与B组的疗效比较(χ2=0·132,P=0·716>0·05),无显著性差异;C、D组与A、B组中的Ⅲa型骨折治疗结果比较(χ2=6·078,P=0·014<0·05),有显著性差异。结论:对于肘内翻的预防应贯穿于骨折复位、固定、复查的全过程。根据骨折类型合理选择治疗方法,正确的复位方法,合理的复位判断及固定方式,手术入路的合理选择无论对保证肘关节的功能还是降低肘内翻的发生率均是关键。     

利用重定位策略从中药中发现L-型钙离子通道作用降压药

该文以来源于NCBI数据库中对新西兰兔心脏L-型钙离子通道具有抑制作用的12个化合物为研究对象,利用HipHop定性药效团模型构建方法,建立L-型钙离子通道拮抗剂的药效团模型,利用数据库搜索方法对药效团模型进行优劣评价,同时,以所得的最优药效团模型对Drugbank和TCMD进行筛选,通过匹配程度和文献验证分别对从Drugbank中筛选所得的已上市药物进行降压作用重定位和从TCMD中筛选所得中药有效成分进行降压作用评价。结果获得最优药效团模型具有2个氢键受体和4个疏水基团,其综合评价指数CAI为2.78,从Drugbank中筛选的已上市药物93个,从TCMD筛选的中药有效成分285个。该文所构建的定性药效团具有一定的可靠性,可用于活性化合物筛选;Drugbank中筛得化合物,如普伐他汀,具有潜在的L-型钙离子通道抑制作用;TCMD筛选的中药化学成分,如白花前胡素Ⅲ、牛蒡苷元是潜在的降压药物。该策略有助于从中药中开展L-型钙离子通道的药物重定位研究。     

陈旧性鼻骨骨折的治疗

目的：讨论陈旧性鼻骨骨折的诊疗方案。方法：对76例患者鼻骨骨折在2周左右及大于2周行鼻骨骨折手法复位或切开鼻骨成形术。结果：35例患者鼻部外观无塌陷无歪鼻畸形,鼻道通畅,鼻功能恢复良好,无并发症。结论：鼻骨骨折手法复位及鼻骨成形术治疗陈旧性鼻骨骨折效果满意。     

手法复位与手术切开复位内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨折效果评价

目的 比较手法复位与手术内固定治疗肱骨外科颈骨的效果,为今后临床治疗提供依据.方法 比较两组不同治疗方式的患者治疗后的效果评价、愈合时间及并发症发生情况.结果 手法复位组优良率为95.6％,手术内固定组优良率为93.6％,两组疗效的分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);手法复位组的愈合平均为(44.3±15.7)d;手术内固定组愈合时间平均为(60.7±22.1)d,两组的愈合时间差异有统计学意义(t=5.099,P＜ 0.01);经过治疗后随访,手法复位组并发症发生率为2.9％,手术内固定组并发症发生率为9.0％,两组患者治疗后并发症的发生率差异有统计学意义(x2=13.17,P＜0.01).结论 手法复位组治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的效果优于手术内固定.     

不同耳石复位法治疗78例良性阵发性位置性眩晕临床分析

目的：总结李氏复位法、Epley法和Semont法三种手法复位治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）患者的疗效。方法将2011年1月至2013年1月收治的78例BPPV患者随机分为3组,分别采用李氏法、Epley法和Sement法进行治疗,评定其疗效,随访6个月。结果三种方法治疗有效率在治疗后1、2、6个月时差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。患者随访6个月,均无复发。治疗过程中仅3例出现呕吐,休息后好转。结论三种方法治疗有效率相近（P〉0.05）,治疗时可依据患者情况选择不同复位法。     

Impact of Repositioning on Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With a Self-Expandable Valve

ObjectivesThis study sought to compare outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement when valve repositioning was performed (repositioned group) versus procedures without repositioning (nonrepositioned group).BackgroundThe Evolut R and Evolut PRO valves were designed to allow repositioning during deployment, yet the effect of repositioning on clinical outcomes remains unclear.MethodsPatients implanted with the Evolut R or PRO valve from the SURTAVI (Surgical Replacement and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) trial continued access study and the Evolut Low Risk Trial between June 2016 and November 2018 were combined. Baseline multidetector computed tomography data were analyzed for the Evolut Low Risk Trial patients. The primary outcomes were the rate of all-cause mortality and the rate of disabling stroke 30 days. Secondary outcomes were per Valve Academic Research Consortium-2.ResultsThe Evolut R or PRO valve was implanted in 946 patients, and repositioning was performed in 318 (33.6%). Compared with patients in the nonrepositioned group, patients in the repositioned group had lower Society of Thoracic Surgeons score (2.3 ± 1.3% vs. 2.6 ± 1.4%; p < 0.001) and fewer prior percutaneous coronary interventions (11.9% vs. 19.7%; p = 0.003). There were no differences in baseline multidetector computed tomography parameters between groups. There were no differences in the primary outcome of death (0.3% vs. 0.3%; p = 0.99) or disabling stroke (0.3% vs. 0.5%; p = 0.71) at 30 days or 1 year (1.9% vs. 2.9%; p = 0.44; and 0.8% vs. 0.9%%; p = 0.79, respectively).ConclusionsThe utilization of the repositioning feature of the Evolut valves was safe, and no differences in death or disabling stroke were observed at 30 days or 1 year between groups. (Medtronic Evolut Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low Risk Patients; NCT02701283; Safety and Efficacy Study of the Medtronic CoreValve® System In the Treatment of Severe, Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis in Intermediate Risk Subjects Who Need Aortic Valve Replacement [SURTAVI]; NCT01586910)