过伸体位复位联合经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折Meta分析

目的:系统评价过伸体位复位联合经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床安全性及有效性。方法:通过检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库中相关中英文文献,检索年限自2000年1月至2020年1月。收集过伸体位复位联合经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的随机对照试验,然后按Cochrane协作网推荐的方法进行系统评价。运用国际Cochrane协作网为系统专用软件RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入15项研究1264例患者,研究质量均存在高度偏倚风险,Meta分析发现,与经皮椎体成形术比较,过伸体位复位联合经皮椎体成形术可以显著缓解疼痛[MD=-0.81,95%CI(-1.27,-0.34),P=0.0007]、明显改善后凸角[MD=-3.80,95%CI(-5.48,-2.21),P<0.00001]、有效恢复椎体高度[MD=4.11,95%CI(2.00,6.23),P<0.00001]、减少骨水泥渗漏[OR=0.25,95%CI(0.10,0.63),P=0.003]。结论:经皮椎体成形术联合过伸体位复位可有效的缓解疼痛、改善椎体后凸角、恢复椎体高度、减少骨水泥渗漏率,提高临床疗效。     

Repurposing Pomalidomide as a Neuroprotective Drug: Efficacy in an Alpha-Synuclein-Based Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Marketed drugs for Parkinson’s disease (PD) treat disease motor symptoms but are ineffective in stopping or slowing disease progression. In the quest of novel pharmacological approaches that may target disease progression, drug-repurposing provides a strategy to accelerate the preclinical and clinical testing of drugs already approved for other medical indications. Here, we targeted the inflammatory component of PD pathology, by testing for the first time the disease-modifying properties of the immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD) pomalidomide in a translational rat model of PD neuropathology based on the intranigral bilateral infusion of toxic preformed oligomers of human α-synuclein (H-αSynOs). The neuroprotective effect of pomalidomide (20 mg/kg; i.p. three times/week 48 h apart) was tested in the first stage of disease progression by means of a chronic two-month administration, starting 1 month after H-αSynOs infusion, when an already ongoing neuroinflammation is observed. The intracerebral infusion of H-αSynOs induced an impairment in motor and coordination performance that was fully rescued by pomalidomide, as assessed via a battery of motor tests three months after infusion. Moreover, H-αSynOs-infused rats displayed a 40–45% cell loss within the bilateral substantia nigra, as measured by stereological counting of TH + and Nissl-stained neurons, that was largely abolished by pomalidomide. The inflammatory response to H-αSynOs infusion and the pomalidomide treatment was evaluated both in CNS affected areas and peripherally in the serum. A reactive microgliosis, measured as the volume occupied by the microglial marker Iba-1, was present in the substantia nigra three months after H-αSynOs infusion as well as after H-αSynOs plus pomalidomide treatment. However, microglia differed for their phenotype among experimental groups. After H-αSynOs infusion, microglia displayed a proinflammatory profile, producing a large amount of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. In contrast, pomalidomide inhibited the TNF-α overproduction and elevated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Moreover, the H-αSynOs infusion induced a systemic inflammation with overproduction of serum proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, that was largely mitigated by pomalidomide. Results provide evidence of the disease modifying potential of pomalidomide in a neuropathological rodent model of PD and support the repurposing of this drug for clinical testing in PD patients.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13311-022-01182-2.     

Identification of anthelmintic parbendazole as a therapeutic molecule for HNSCC through connectivity map-based drug repositioning

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common human cancers; however, its outcome of pharmacotherapy is always very limited. Herein, we performed a batch query in the connectivity map (cMap) based on bioinformatics, queried out 35 compounds with therapeutic potential, and screened out parbendazole as a most promising compound, which had an excellent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HNSCC cell lines. In addition, tubulin was identified as a primary target of parbendazole, and the direct binding between them was further verified. Parbendazole was further proved as an effective tubulin polymerization inhibitor, which can block the cell cycle, cause apoptosis and prevent cell migration, and it exhibited reasonable therapeutic effect and low toxicity in the in vivo and in vitro anti-tumor evaluation. Our study repositioned an anthelmintic parbendazole to treat HNSCC, which revealed a therapeutic utility and provided a new treatment option for human cancers.     

What's wrong with osteopathy?

This commentary critically examines the foundational assumptions, practices and claimed distinctiveness upon which osteopathy was built and continues to be structured. Five areas which are considered to be highly problematic for osteopathy, namely its weak theoretical basis, inherent biomedicalism, monointerventionism, default practitioner-centredness and predilection for implausible mechanisms. It is argued that these areas require considerable reflection and action as if not remedied, they constitute a major threat to the development, unity and legitimacy of the osteopathic profession. Ongoing reconceptualisation of underpinning theories, assumptions and associated skills informed by current evidence and knowledge from disciplines outside of the osteopathic domain is necessary for professional maturation.Implications for practice

• •Osteopathy's weak theoretical basis, biomedicalism, monointerventionism, practitioner-centredness and implausible mechanisms are problematic.
• •These constitute a major threat to the development, unity and legitimacy of osteopathy.
• •Ongoing critical reflection, practice reconceptualisation and research are needed for professional maturation.
• •Osteopaths should draw on theory and evidence from outside the osteopathic domain.

     

闭合折顶整复手法结合夹板固定治疗儿童尺桡骨远端双骨折

目的:探讨闭合折顶整复手法结合杉树皮外固定夹板治疗儿童尺桡骨远端双骨折的手法操作及其临床疗效.方法:自2017 年1 月至2019 年12 月,采用闭合折顶整复手法治疗儿童尺桡骨远端双骨折患者17 例,男13 例,女4 例;年龄4～11(7.29±2.34)岁.整复后予以杉树皮夹板固定并随访6 个月,根据末次随访复查的...     

Descripción de la afectación de la destreza y función manual en pacientes con distonía focal de la mano

IntroductionFocal hand dystonia is a movement disorder whose symptoms cause alterations in the performance of tasks requiring a high level of dexterity. Currently, there is no model for interpreting the disease and few studies have identified the difficulties of patients with dystonia in carrying out activities of daily living (ADL). This study aims to describe manipulative dexterity and its influence on ADLs in patients with focal hand dystonia.Materials and methodsWe performed an observational, cross-sectional, case-control study including 24 participants (12 patients with focal hand dystonia and 12 controls). The patients were referred by the neurology department of Hospital Ramón y Cajal. We gathered sociodemographic data, as well as retrospective clinical data for patients. We subsequently administered evaluation tests, in the following order: Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Box and Blocks Test (BBT), Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), and Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF).ResultsThe study sample included a total of 24 participants, 7 women and 17 men, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 50.79 (14.40) years. In the patient group, neuromuscular involvement or psycho-emotional problems were not detected in half of cases; smaller numbers of patients presented difficulties associated with the right shoulder (25%) and anxious state (33.3%).ConclusionsOur results indicate that focal hand dystonia affects manipulative dexterity in these patients, who showed poorer performance and required more time to complete the tasks.     

改良手法复位配合功能训练治疗急性不可复性盘前移位的疗效分析

目的评价改良手法复位配合功能训练对急性不可复性盘前移位的疗效。方法按照纳入标准选取年龄19～55岁的急性不可复性盘前移位患者60例, 随机分为试验组(采用改良手法复位)和对照组(采用传统手法复位), 每组30例。2组手法复位后均配合3个月的功能训练。采用疼痛目测类比法(VAS)、最大主动开口度、下颌运动指数及MRI复查等指标评估2组患者治疗前、复位后即刻及3个月治疗结束后(治疗后)的疗效;通过口腔健康相关生活质量量表评估治疗前后的生活质量, 并比较2组患者的复位成功率以及成功复位的操作次数。结果①2组患者治疗后的VAS评分、最大主动开口度、下颌运动指数、口腔健康相关生活质量指数均较组内治疗前有明显改善(P<0.05)。②复位后即刻, 试验组的最大主动开口度[(31.81±3.82)mm]和下颌运动指数[(6.89±1.51)分]显著优于对照组[(28.49±3.01)mm和(8.01±2.00)分], 且组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗结束后, 试验组和对照组最大主动开口度[(40.31±3.91)mm、(41.05±3.22)mm]及下颌运动功能指数[(2.43...