不同耳石复位法应用于良性阵发性位置性眩晕的临床效果分析

目的：分析不同耳石复位法治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）的临床效果。方法资料随机选自2012年1月～2014年1月本院诊治的BPPV患者126例,按照完全随机法1∶1分成研究组和对照组各63例,63例对照组患者统一行Epley耳石复位法,45例研究组PC-BPPV患者行改良Epley耳石复位法,18例研究组HC-BPPV患者行Barbecue翻滚法,分析两组患者治疗后的临床效果、症状改善时间与复发次数。结果研究组患者复发率7.94%、PC-BPPV复发率6.67%与PC-BPPV复发率5.56%均比对照组23.81%、23.91%与23.53%低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组的治疗次数（1.27±0.23）次、治疗1月的发作次数（1.28±0.31）次与治疗时间（5.06±3.12）d,均比对照组（2.34±0.46）次、（3.24±4.26）次与（8.87±3.29）d少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组患者的眩晕、恐惧感、恶心呕吐、强迫体位改善时间比对照组低,治疗1月的前庭功能比治疗前与对照组均低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论改良Epley耳石复位法是PC-BPPV患者的临床有效治愈手段,Barbecue翻滚法是治疗HC-BPPV的可靠有效治疗方案,分型治疗可以有效改善BPPV临床疗效。     

Different therapeutic mechanisms of rigid and semi-rigid mandibular repositioning devices in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

To clarify the mechanisms of rigid and semi-rigid mandibular repositioning devices (MRDs) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), seven and 13 patients received rigid and semi-rigid MRDs, respectively. Each patient underwent polysomnographic and computed tomographic examinations at the initial consultation and after symptom improvement. Three-dimensional models of the upper airway (hard palate level to epiglottic base) were reconstructed by image processing software (Mimics version 14.2) to measure airway morphology. The mean age and body mass index were 58.1 years and 24.8 kg/m², respectively, in the rigid MRD group and 57.9 years and 23.2 kg/m², respectively, in the semi-rigid MRD group. The apnea-hypopnea index significantly improved (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) from 22.0 to 8.9 and 20.5 to 11.5 events per hour of sleep in the respective groups. The cross-sectional areas measured at the epiglottic tip (from 2.0 to 2.6 cm²) and hard palate (from 2.6 to 3.3 cm²) levels also increased in the respective groups (P < 0.05). However, airway volume, cross-sectional area measured at the uvular tip level, and anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the airway were not significantly different. In conclusion, both types of MRDs improve respiratory status, but they affect different parts of the airway.     

耳石手法复位治疗后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕

目的比较两种耳石手法复位治疗后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕(PC-BPPV)的疗效和安全性。方法 78例单侧PC-BPPV患者分为Ep ley手法治疗组和B randt手法治疗组。计算治疗后7 d、半个月的缓解率,观察治疗的不良反应。结果 Ep ley手法治疗组首次及2周的缓解率分别为61.9%、76.1%;B randt手法治疗组为66.6%、77.6%,两组比较差异无统计学意义。Ep ley手法治疗组出现不良反应7例,B randt手法治疗组出现不良反应3例。结论耳石手法复位治疗BPPV是一种非常有效的方法,B randt手法治疗操作更简单,容易被患者接受。     

The effect of disc repositioning and post-operative functional splint for the treatment of anterior disc displacement in juvenile patients with Class II malocclusion

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc repositioning and post-operative functional splint for the treatment of anterior disc displacement (ADD) in juvenile patients with Class II malocclusion.

良性阵发性位置眩晕患者临床特征分析

目的分析良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者的临床特征。方法对132例良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 BPPV发病率女性高于男性,50~59岁为高发年龄段,绝大多数患者有明显潜伏期,眩晕持续时间短暂,病变部位受累以单侧为主,右侧发病明显高于左侧,PC-BPPV发病率明显高于HC-BPPV及AC-BPPV;耳石复位法治疗BPPV效果肯定,1次治疗有效率为81.82%,2次治疗总有效率为93.18%,对123例治疗有效患者随访观察半年,复发率为17.89%;PC-BPPV潜伏期明显长于HC-BPPV(P<0.05),无明显潜伏期比例显著少于HC-BPPV(P<0.01)。结论 BPPV患者具有明显的临床特征,应根据实际情况给予合适的治疗方法,以提高临床治疗效果。     

Ruptured disc after arthroscopic repositioning in the temporomandibular joint: a retrospective magnetic resonance imaging study

Our aim was to explore the incidence of rupture after arthroscopic repositioning of the disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by reviewing magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the TMJ taken before and after operation, and to investigate correlations retrospectively. We studied 247 patients with anterior disc displacement of the TMJ, and categorised them into 3 groups based on the postoperative MRI. The first group comprised those whose disc ruptured after repositioning, the second those who had a possible rupture of the disc after repositioning, and the third had no rupture of the disc after repositioning. Age, sex, duration of symptoms, maximum incisal mouth opening, whether the anterior disc displacement was unilateral or bilateral, and the Wilkes stage, were included in the analysis. The incidence of rupture (5/247) was 2%. Weak points at the intermediate zone of the disc were found in 4 of the 5 joints. The patients whose discs ruptured were significantly younger than the other 2 groups (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative duration of symptoms and mouth opening among the groups. The proportions of unilateral and bilateral disc displacement (p = 0.047) and Wilkes stage (p = 0.027) differed among the 3 groups. The Wilkes stages was significantly more advanced in the ruptured group than in the other 2 groups (p = 0.027) with 4/5 being bilateral. The weak point in the intermediate zone of the disc on MRI could be a sign of rupture. Teenagers and young adults with anterior disc displacement without reduction, particularly those in whom it is bilateral, are at a higher risk of a rupture after repositioning of the disc by arthroscopy.     

What makes a good head positioner for preventing occipital pressure ulcers

Patients who are stationary endure prolonged soft tissue distortions and deformations at contact areas between their body and the support surface, which may lead to the onset of pressure ulcers (PUs) over time. A novel technology for patient positioning employs innovation in materials science, specifically viscoelastic materials with shape memory properties that compose the Z‐Flo™ head positioner (Mölnlycke Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden). Head positioners are generally known to reduce the occurrence of PUs in scalp tissues and the ears, but quantitative assessments of their biomechanical efficacy are missing in the literature. To determine potential differences in mechanical loads formed in the soft tissues of the back of the head while in contact with 2 head positioner types, Z‐Flo vs flat medical foam, we developed 2 comparable finite element model configurations, both including the same 3‐dimensional adult head. For both model variants, stresses in skin and fat peaked at the occiput. The skin at the back of the resting head is subjected to greater stress values with respect to fat; however, the Z‐Flo positioner reduced the exposure of both skin and fat tissues to elevated stresses considerably (by a factor of 3) compared to the medical foam support. We found the Z‐Flo device effective in reducing tissue loads at the surface of the head as well as internally in scalp tissues, with a particular strength in reducing internal tissue shear. The Z‐Flo device achieves this protective quality through highly effective immersion and envelopment of the back of the head, generated in the process of manual moulding of the device in preparation for use. Additional protection is achieved through the viscoelastic response of the filling material of this positioner, which relaxes promptly and considerably under the weight of the head (by more than 2‐fold within approximately 1 s) as opposed to the elastic recoil of the foam that pushes back on scalp tissues.     

Variables affecting treatment in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

OBJECTIVE: To identify variables affecting outcome in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) treated with canalith repositioning maneuvers. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of patients at a tertiary vestibular rehabilitation center. METHODS: Variables identified for statistical analysis included method of diagnosis, age, sex, onset association with trauma, semicircular canal involvement, presence of bilateral disease, treatment visits, and cycles of canalith repositioning maneuvers per treatment visit. Multivariate statistical analysis using Pearson chi2, likelihood ratio, linear-by-linear association, and cross-tabulation tests were performed. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-nine patients with BPPV who received treatment were identified from 1996 to 1998. Average follow-up time was 16.9 months. 74.8% required one treatment visit, 19.0% required a second treatment visit, and 98.4% were successfully treated after three treatment visits. The remainder required up to seven treatment visits for relief of symptoms. Variables affecting the number of treatment visits included bilateral disease or location of disease other than in the posterior semicircular canal. Patient age, sex, method of diagnosis, and onset association with trauma had no statistically significant impact. CONCLUSION: Patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo not located in a single posterior semicircular canal are more likely to require multiple visits for canalith repositioning.