改良外侧入路距下关节植骨融合术在严重跟骨骨折畸形愈合中的应用

目的:分析改良外侧入路距下关节植骨融合术在严重跟骨骨折畸形愈合中的作用。方法:选取严重跟骨骨折畸形愈合患者25例,均予以改良外侧入路距下关节植骨融合术,术后早期适当给予踝关节功能锻炼,观察手术前后患者距骨跟骨角、距骨第1跖骨角及足部功能改善情况;术后定期随访,记录并发症发生情况。结果:术后12个月,患者距骨跟骨角、距骨第1跖骨角、美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)评分均较术前明显改善(P<0.01)。术后随访(19.6±5.7)个月,患者切口均一期愈合,未见切口感染、皮缘坏死、跟骨骨质外露等并发症发生。末次随访时,患者足部功能优13例,良9例,差3例,优良率高达88.0%。结论:改良外侧入路距下关节植骨融合术具有入路安全、显露清晰、愈合率高、并发症少等优点,可作为严重跟骨骨折畸形愈合的良好选择。     

掌指骨骨折微型钢板内固定术后骨不连及畸形愈合的原因分析

目的分析微型钢板治疗掌、指骨骨折过程出现骨不连及骨折畸形愈合的原因,并提出预防措施.方法1989年以来采用微型钢板内固定治疗掌指骨骨折64例78处,所有病例均随访至骨折愈合,或临床及X线证实骨不连或畸形愈合.结果术后发生骨不连及畸形愈合共5例7处,其中内固定失效3例5处,适应证选择不当2例2处.结论微型钢板内固定治疗掌、指骨骨折效果好,但仍需注意规范操作技术及适应证选择.     

Anatomic versus reverse shoulder arthroplasty for post-traumatic sequelae of operatively and nonoperatively treated proximal humerus fractures

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine whether there is a long-term difference in outcomes between anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) performed for proximal humerus fracture (PHF) sequelae. Hypotheses were as follows: (1) patients undergoing aTSA would have improved functional outcomes but a greater incidence of adverse events (AEs) and reoperation than those undergoing rTSA and (2) patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) would have worse outcomes with more AEs and reoperations than those undergoing shoulder arthroplasty for sequelae of nonoperatively managed PHF.MethodsA prospectively collected database was queried for patients with PHF sequelae undergoing aTSA or rTSA between 2007 and 2020 with minimum 2-year follow-up. Baseline demographics, perioperative data, postoperative AEs, functional outcomes, and range of motion (ROM) were compared between aTSA and rTSA groups. A secondary analysis was performed to compare patients treated with prior PHF ORIF vs. those treated nonoperatively.ResultsThere were 17 patients in the aTSA group and 83 patients in the rTSA group. Type I PHF sequelae predominated among patients who underwent aTSA (71% vs. 40%, P = .026). Incidence of total postoperative AEs was greater after aTSA than that after rTSA (12% vs. 5%, P = .277), with a significantly higher rate of glenoid aseptic loosening after aTSA (6% vs. 0%, P = .026). All AEs required reoperation except one in the rTSA group. The mean follow-up was 66 months for aTSA compared with 45 months for rTSA (P = .002). No differences in functional outcomes or ROM between aTSA and rTSA persisted beyond 3 months or at the final follow-up except external rotation, which favored aTSA for 3 years postoperatively. In the secondary analysis, there were 33 patients in the ORIF group and 67 in the non-ORIF group. One (3%) postoperative AE occurred in the ORIF group vs. five (7%) in the non-ORIF group (P = .385). At a mean follow-up of 4 years, there were no differences in functional outcome scores or ROM between ORIF and non-ORIF groups, except for patient-reported shoulder function (6.3 vs. 7.4, respectively, P = .037).ConclusionFor treatment of PHF sequelae, aTSA may result in a higher incidence of postoperative AEs and reoperation than rTSA, particularly due to glenoid aseptic loosening. No difference in functional outcome scores between aTSA and rTSA persists beyond 3 months or at the final follow-up. Although active external rotation is significantly improved after aTSA for the first 3 years postoperatively, no differences in ROM exist beyond 4 years at the final follow-up. Patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty for PHF sequelae have comparable outcomes regardless of prior ORIF or nonoperative management.Level of evidenceLevel III; Retrospective Cohort Design; Treatment Study     

Malunited extra-articular distal radius fractures: corrective osteotomies using volar locking plate

Background

Multiple techniques for corrective osteotomy have been developed in recent years with the same aims: to improve the radiographic parameters and improve motion, pain and grip strength. Volar fixed-angle plates have added a new concept to the treatment of distal radius fractures thanks to the low morbidity of the surgical approach and the strength of the final construct, allowing early mobilization and return to function.

Materials and methods

Between 2005 and 2012, 20 patients with symptomatic dorsally malunited extra-articular fractures of the distal radius underwent corrective osteotomy using a volar locking plate without additional bone graft. At a mean follow-up of 50 months, all the patients were clinically and functionally evaluated.

Results

All measurements of pain, final range of motion and grip strength significantly improved compared with preoperative measurements. The mean preoperative DASH score reduced from 54 points preoperatively to 25 postoperatively. Based on the modified Mayo wrist score, we obtained 14 excellent and six good results. Palmar tilt improved from an average of 23° to 11°. Radial inclination improved from an average of 29° to 22°, and ulnar variance decreased from an average of 3.6 mm to 0.9 mm. There were two cases of transient median neuroapraxia that resolved before the 6-week follow-up appointment. No other major complications, including non-union and infection, were observed.

Conclusion

The volar approach and locking plate, without necessarily the use of bone grafting, proved to be an effective approach for addressing symptomatic and even severe deformities of the distal radius.

Type of study/level of evidence

Therapeutic IV     

Open wedge osteotomy of medial tibial condyle gives good results in management of neglected diagonal lesions of proximal tibia

BackgroundDepressed fractures of anteromedial tibial plateau are often underappreciated and treated inadequately. When these fractures are accompanied by injuries of posterior cruciate ligament and postero-lateral corner, they are called as diagonal lesions. There are very few publications on the management of such injuries in chronic stage. The purpose of our study is to describe our results in management of these neglected fractures using open wedge osteotomy of medial tibial condyle (OWOMTC).MethodsThis is a retrospective study of ten patients. KOOS score and Tegner and Lysholm score were recorded preoperatively and at three, six, twelve and twenty four months after surgery to assess the functional outcome. Medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and tibial slope were recorded before and after surgery.ResultsAll cases had posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries. There was no anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. MPTA was corrected from mean 76.2° ± 3.7° to mean 86.4° ± 3.2°. Mean tibial slope was increased from −4° ± 3° to mean tibial slope of 7.6° ± 2.2°.Tegner and Lyshom score improved from mean of 38–88 (p < .05) at final follow-up. KOOS score improved from mean of 32–86 (p < .05) at final follow-up. Union was achieved in all the cases. None of the cases required ligament reconstruction.ConclusionsWe conclude that OWOMTC is a useful method to manage neglected depressed fractures of anteromedial tibial plateau accompanied by PCL and PLC injury (diagonal injury). This procedure can restore limb alignment, congruency and stability of knee joint without any soft tissue reconstruction and change in the patellofemoral kinematics.     

Malunion in displaced intracapsular fracture of femoral neck: A rare case

Intracapsular fracture of femoral neck is treated by anatomical reduction (preferably closed) and cannulated cancellous lag screw fixation. Malunion of these fractures have been described in the coronal plane (coxa valga or coxa vara). We reported a case of young adult patient with displaced intracapsular fracture of femoral neck that had malunited in sagittal plane with callus formation with excellent functional outcome. The radiographs revealed intracapsular fracture of femoral neck right side (Garden type 4 and Pauwel type 3). The patient was operated and closed reduction and internal fixation with three cannulated cancellous screws was performed. The postoperative radiograph revealed a loss of reduction in the lateral view. Due to this technical error, the patient was counselled for revision fixation for which he refused. At 9 months we observed union of the fracture in the displaced position by callus formation. Harris hip score at 2 years was 96 that indicate excellent functional outcome and the radiographs did not reveal any evidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head. We advised revision surgery to our patient as he had increased chances of implant failure and nonunion. However he refused the revision surgery and was continued with the suboptimal reduction. However, the fracture united and that too with callus formation, which is not a described phenomenon in neck of femur fracture.     

Femoral shaft osteotomy for malunited femoral fractures presenting with varus OA of the knee

Seven patients presenting between 1992 and 1999 with osteoarthritic knee symptoms in consequence of old malunited femoral shaft fractures, were treated by open femoral shaft osteotomy. The osteotomies were sited at the apex of the deformity and were fixed by locked intramedullary nailing. The patients were followed up until osteotomy union and reviewed clinically and radiologically with particular emphasis on symptoms and function. The mean age at presentation was 48 years and the mean time from fracture was 28 years. The mean time to osteotomy union was 28 months. Five of the seven patients reported excellent pain relief and functional improvement. These patients presented a difficult management problem at an age that would be worryingly young for total knee replacement. Arthroplasty has been avoided in all but one of this cohort, and is still far from imminent in the remainder, after a mean follow-up period of 5 years.     

Acetabular reduction osteotomy using surgical dislocation of the hip joint for treatment of a malunited acetabular fracture

Introduction Acetabular fractures remain a challenge for the orthopedic and trauma surgeon, with frequently poor outcome in terms of pain and lack of motion and high rate of posttraumatic arthritis especially in badly reconstructed fractures where the anatomy was not restored. Surgical treatment of malunited acetabular fractures is often necessary, although it can be very complex.Case presentation We report a young woman who sustained both column fracture with central dislocation of the femoral head in which the posterior wall fragment was initially not fixed anatomically.Conclusions Surgical dislocation of malunited acetabular fractures is a relatively new therapeutic option that provides full access to the femoral head and acetabulum without compromising the blood supply to the femoral head. Our results show that it can also be of great help in restoring malunited acetabular fractures.