跟骨骨折畸形愈合治疗的新进展

跟骨骨折畸形愈合,手术治疗是目前能够确实解决一些问题的惟一方法。手术治疗的关键是恢复后足的对线和后足的高度,而一种手术方式不能解决畸形愈合所产生的所有问题,必须针对每一患者的具体情况采取多种手术术式联合治疗来解决患者的疼痛、畸形等情况,特别应根据患者的具体要求及实际情况来选择一种最适合的手术方案。     

CT virtual reality in the preoperative workup of malunited distal radius fractures: preliminary results

Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of CT virtual preoperative planning in the surgical repositioning of malunited distal radius fracture. Eleven patients with malunited distal radius fracture underwent multislice CT of both wrists. A preoperative workup was performed in a virtual reality environment created from the CT data sets. Virtual planning comprised three main procedures, carrying out the virtual osteotomy of the radius, prediction of the final position of the distal radius after osteotomy and computer-assisted manufacturing of a repositioning device, which was later placed at the surgical osteotomy site to reposition objectively the distal radius fragment before fixation with the osteosynthesis. All patients tolerated the surgical procedure well. During surgery, the orthopedic surgeons were not required in any of the cases to alter the position of the distal radius that was determined by the repositioning device. At postoperative follow-up, the anatomic relationship of the distal radius was restored (radial inclination, 21.4°; volar tilt, 10.3°; ulnar variance, 0.5 mm). Clinically, a significant improvement of pronation (P=0.012), supination (P=0.01), flexion (P=0.001) and extension (P=0.006) was achieved. Pain decreased from 54 to 7 points. CT virtual reality is a valuable adjunct for the preoperative workup and surgical reposition of malunited distal radius fractures.     

尺骨短缩术联合腕关节镜治疗桡骨远端骨折后畸形愈合的疗效分析

目的 探讨采用腕关节镜技术联合尺骨短缩术治疗桡骨远端骨折后畸形愈合的临床效果.方法 2013年9月至2015年9月我院收治桡骨远端骨折后畸形愈合病人67例,根据手术方法分为三组:联合治疗组,35例,采用腕关节镜技术联合尺骨短缩术治疗;尺骨短缩组,21例,采用单一的尺骨短缩术进行治疗;腕关节镜组,11例,采用单一的腕关节镜技术清理关节腔治疗.比较各组治疗后的数字评价量表(numerical rating scale,NRS)疼痛评分和上肢、肩、手功能障碍(disabilities of the arm,shoulder and hand,DASH)腕关节评分.结果 联合治疗组、尺骨短缩组治疗后的NRS疼痛评分分别为(1.32±0.52)分、(1.63±0.71)分,两组的腕关节DASH评分分别为(15.42±6.31)分、(18.03±7.64)分,均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);但腕关节镜组治疗后改善不明显.联合治疗组治疗后的NRS疼痛评分最低,腕关节镜组最高,三组间得分进行两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).联合治疗组、尺骨短缩组治疗后的腕关节DASH评分差异并无统计学意义,但均优于腕关节镜组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 尺骨短缩术联合腕关节镜技术对于桡骨远端骨折后畸形愈合造成的疼痛及功能障碍的改善具有积极的临床意义.     

创伤性跟骨畸形的矫正与重建

目的探讨创伤性跟骨骨折畸形愈合后矫正重建的手术方法及疗效。方法 1999年1月至2008年1月,手术治疗创伤性跟骨骨折畸形愈合患者146例,男114例,女32例,年龄16～56岁,平均39.5岁。单侧跟骨骨折130例,双侧16例。从骨折至本次手术的时间为6～30个月,平均12个月。所有患者均为跟骨闭合性骨折后继发畸形。根据Zwipp提出的跟骨畸形愈合的分型：Ⅰ型22侧足;Ⅱ型38侧足;Ⅲ型32侧足;Ⅳ型15侧足;Ⅴ型7侧足。另有36侧跟骨内、外翻畸形及高度丢失,但距下关节正常或退变较轻。采用的手术方法有跟骨外膨骨突切除及腓骨肌腱松解术。根据距下关节退变的严重程度采用保留距下关节的截骨矫形内固定术,距下关节原位融合术,截骨矫形或丘部重建加距下关节融合术。结果 118例患者获得随访12～48个月,平均20个月。伤口Ⅰ期愈合,无感染。所有患者均牢固愈合,未再次发生跟骨畸形。截骨植骨处愈合时间12～16周,平均13周。患者术后平均13周（12～16周）时可完全负重行走,无明显疼痛不适。采用美国足踝外科协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）踝、后足评分标准,评分由术前的39.7分（27～54分）,上升到术后的87.4分（78～100分）。结论对于创伤性跟骨骨折畸形愈合的患者应积极进行手术治疗,根据跟骨骨折畸形愈合的具体情况采用不同的治疗方案,以达满意疗效。     

Posterior ankle impingement syndrome caused by malunion of joint depressed type calcaneal fracture

Late complications after calcaneal fracture usually resulted in lateral heel pain. Malunion of joint depressed type calcaneal fracture can result in posterior ankle impingement pain. This is caused by the posterior calcaneal bone spike formed just behind the posterior calcaneal facet. We describe a technique to resect the offending posterior calcaneal bone spike to relieve the posterior ankle impingement pain.     

经跗骨窦入路微创治疗跟骨骨折畸形愈合

目的 探讨经跗骨窦入路微创治疗跟骨骨折畸形愈合的临床效果.方法 选取2017年1月至2018年12月本院收治的跟骨骨折畸形愈合患者96例(96足),按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组各48例(48足).对照组予传统外侧L形切口手术治疗,研究组予经跗骨窦入路微创手术治疗.观察比较两组一般手术指标、术后并发症情况及...