脾脏原发性恶性肿瘤

报告原发性脾脏恶性肿瘤7例。临床以左上腹不适，左上腹肿块及体重下降、发热、贫血、白细胞减少及血小板减少为主要特点。病理以淋巴系统及血管源性恶性肿瘤多见。治疗以手术和化疗等手段为主。早期发现、早期手术对提高疗效是非常重要的。     

电声门图测试对声带占位性病变的筛查价值

目的 探讨电声门图(electroglottography，EGG)测试在声带占位性病变中的筛查价值。方法 对134例声门型喉癌、167例声带良性病变(包括113例声带息肉、17例声带囊肿和37例声带白斑)及62名健康志愿者进行EGG测试，进行组间和组内比较，分析EGG测试的敏感性和特异性。结果 声带良性病变和喉癌组EGG波形和参数多数异常，与健康组之间有显著性差异，且良恶性病变组间亦有差异。但良性病变组内即息肉、囊肿和白斑之间，以及喉癌组内不同T分期之间EGG波形和参数差异多数无统计学意义。结论 电声门图测试在声带占位性病变的筛查中具有较高的敏感性，对区分良恶性病变亦有一定的特异性，但对病变类型和期别的划分无价值。     

恶性肿瘤放化疗并发带状疱疹27例临床分析

目的　接受放化疗的恶性肿瘤患者并发带状疱疹的临床分析。方法　回顾性分析 1998年 1月至2 0 0 3年 11月的 2 7例恶性肿瘤放化疗并发带状疱疹的住院患者的临床资料、治疗方法、随访结果。结果　全组死亡 16例 (5 9% ) ,其中 11例 (41% )死于发病后 0 .5 a内 ,3例 (11% )死于发病后 1a内 ,2例 (7% )死于发病后 3a内。死亡的 16例患者中 ,播散型患者 7例 ,局限型患者 9例。结论　对恶性肿瘤放化疗并发带状疱疹应有足够的认识 ,以期早发现、早诊断、早治疗 ,减少不必要的并发症的发生     

Recurrent primary vulvovaginal malignant melanoma arising in melanoma in situ– the natural history of lesions followed for 23 years

Multifocal melanoma and melanoma in situ of the vulva and vagina are uncommon lesions, and our understanding of their natural history is limited. Vulvovaginal melanoma appears to be biologically different from cutaneous melanoma and has more in common with mucosal melanoma. A 60-year-old woman presented in 1977 with a pigmented vulvar lesion. Histologic examination revealed melanoma in situ associated with focal invasive melanoma. She re-presented with recurrent primary melanomas arising in melanoma in situ in 1990 and 1998 and died of widespread metastatic melanoma in 2000. Melanoma in situ of the vulva and vagina is rare and appears to have a relatively slow but definite progression to invasive melanoma. All suspicious pigmented lesions in this region should be biopsied, and if multifocal in situ melanoma is identified, vulvo(vagin)ectomy should be considered.     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子对辐射诱发细胞恶性转化的影响

目的研究重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte colony-stimulatingfactor,G-CSF)对60Coγ射线诱发Wistar大鼠肺成纤维细胞恶性转化过程的影响。方法采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法、软琼脂克隆培养、流式细胞术(FCM)同时观察正常Wistar大鼠肺细胞、60Coγ射线照射细胞、经G-CSF预处理后60Coγ射线照射细胞、60Coγ射线照射后G-CSF持续处理细胞的增殖活性,克隆形成率和细胞周期的变化。结果G-CSF有抑制单纯照射细胞增殖的作用,使软琼脂克隆形成延迟,使进入细胞周期的细胞减少,细胞周期进程减慢。结论G-CSF能减缓细胞的恶性转化过程。     

Calpastatin participates in the regulation of cell migration in BAP1-deficient uveal melanoma cells

AIM: To detect how BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1) regulates cell migration in uveal melanoma (UM) cells. METHODS: Wound healing and transwell assays were performed to detect UM cell migration abilities. Protein chip, immunoprecipitations and surface plasmon resonance analyses were applied to identify BAP1 protein partners. Western blot and calpain activity assays were used to test the expression and function of calpastatin (CAST). RESULTS: CAST protein was confirmed as a new BAP1 protein partner, and loss of BAP1 reduced the expression and function of CAST in UM cells. The overexpression of CAST rescued the cell migration phenotype caused by BAP1 loss. CONCLUSION: BAP1 interacts with CAST in UM cells, and CAST and its subsequent calpain pathway may mediate BAP1-related cell migration regulation.     

Immunotherapy as a treatment modality for mucosal melanoma of the head and neck: A systematic review

Introduction:Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare disease, accounting for approximately 1.4% of all melanomas and only 0.03% of all new cancer diagnoses. Traditionally, it has been associated with a poor prognosis, with an overall 5-year survival rate of <25%. Progress in treatment has been hindered by its rarity and lack of evidence. However, studies on the treatment of subcutaneous melanoma with immunotherapy have demonstrated significant improvement in survival rates and have become a core part of oncological strategies. This paper discusses the revision of the evidence for the use of immunotherapy in the head and neck.Methods:This systematic review was conducted on January 19, 2019. The Medline and Embase databases were searched. In total, 509 articles were collated and screened. Inclusion criteria for the study included treatment-naive cohorts, cohorts with recurrent disease, primary outcomes with overall survival and disease-free survival at 5 years and at the longest follow-up, and studies of adults with MM in whom immunotherapy was reported as a treatment strategy. The exclusion criteria included duplicate papers, anatomical sites other than the head and neck, case reports, and those not published in English.Results:Fifty-two papers out of the 509 collated papers met the inclusion criteria. The results are shown as a comparison of yearly survival rates following different treatment modalities (immunotherapy vs nonimmunotherapy) at 2, 3, and 5 years. It was found that, with immunotherapy, survival rates at all intervals were higher than those without immunotherapy.Discussion:Immunotherapy outcomes in small studies have shown good data for increasing survival rates at yearly intervals in MM of the head and neck. Larger clinical trials are needed to accurately distinguish the efficacy and survival outcomes of immunotherapy when compared with treatment modalities, excluding immunotherapy. However, the ability to perform larger trials is limited by the rarity of MM of the head and neck.     

Cutaneous malignant melanoma incidence is strongly associated with European depigmented skin type regardless of ambient ultraviolet radiation levels: evidence from Worldwide population-based data

Current public health advice is that high ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the primary cause of Malignant Melanoma of skin (CMM), however, despite the use of sun-blocking products incidence of melanoma is increasing. To investigate the UVR influence on CMM incidence worldwide WHO, United Nations, World Bank databases and literature provided 182 country-specific melanoma incidence estimates, daily UVR levels, skin colour (EEL), socioeconomic status (GDP PPP), magnitude of reduced natural selection (Ibs), ageing, urbanization, percentage of European descendants (Eu%), and depigmentation (blonde hair colour), for parametric and non-parametric correlations, multivariate regressions and analyses of variance. Worldwide, UVR levels showed negative correlation with melanoma incidence (“rho” = −0.515, p < 0.001), remaining significant and negative in parametric partial correlation (r = −0.513, p < 0.001) with other variables kept constant. After standardising melanoma incidence for Eu%, melanoma correlation with UVR disappeared completely (“rho” = 0.004, p = 0.967, n = 127). The results question classical views that UVR causes melanoma. No correlation between UVR level and melanoma incidence was present when Eu% (depigmented or light skin type) was kept statistically constant, even after adjusting for other known variables. Countries with lower UVR levels and more Eu% (depigmented or light skin people) have higher melanoma incidence. Critically, this means that individual genetic low skin pigmentation factors predict melanoma risk regardless of UVR exposure levels, and even at low-UVR levels.     

深圳市2017年-2019年常住居民恶性肿瘤死因分析

目的 分析深圳市恶性肿瘤死亡特征和分布情况,为政府制定恶性肿瘤的防控策略提供参考依据.方法 采用国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10)进行编码分类,运用描述流行病学研究,对2017年1月1日-2019年12月31日深圳市常住居民恶性肿瘤10 612例死亡病例进行分析,分别计算死亡率、死因顺位等.结果 2017年-2019年间...     

异黄酮genistein对小鼠恶性黑色瘤转移的实验性治疗

目的:研究异黄酮genistein 对肿瘤转移的治疗作用。方法:B16-BL6 细胞由尾静脉注入C57BL/6 小鼠体内,于d 15 观察动物肺转移灶。genistein 混悬于2% 卵磷脂中,从接种瘤细胞前1 天开始ip,剂量为100 和200mg·kg^-1·d^-1 。结果:genistein 可抑制肺转移灶形成,200 mg·kg^-1 用药组小鼠转移灶数目明显减少;作为对照,腹腔给予环磷酰胺100 mg·kg^-1 后,形成的转移灶数目无明显变化,但形成的转移瘤灶体积减小。当genistein 和环磷酰胺合用时,转移小鼠的存活时间明显延长。结论:genistein 可抑制肿瘤转移,其作用与细胞毒药物不同, 与细胞毒药物合用可提高其抗肿瘤转移的作用。