男性新生儿红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性中度缺乏的探讨

目的探讨男性新生儿红细胞葡萄糖6磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)活性中度缺乏的原因。方法根据遗传规律,把G6PD活性分为正常、中度缺乏和显著缺乏,并对我院2000年至2005年10月出生的10733名新生儿的资料与各地检测G6PD活性报道的资料进行比较、分析和研究。结果男性新生儿G6PD活性中度缺乏发生率约为1.5%～2.5%(约占男性新生儿G6PD活性总缺乏率的15%～25%)。结论本研究发现男性新生儿G6PD活性中度缺乏是客观存在的并和孟德尔遗传定律矛盾,它与G6PD变异型的酶活性表现、统计学方法、糖尿病和溶血等多种因素等有关。     

男性海洛因依赖者性机能研究

目的 研究海洛因对男性性机能的影响。方法 对91例男性海洛因依赖者进行了性机能调查研究，并做性激素测定和分析。结果 男性海洛因依赖者性机能明显障碍，表现为性幻想减少，性欲减退，性高潮减退，性交频率降低。男性睾酮（T）及催乳素（PRL）均低于正常对照组（Z=8．118，P〈0．01；Z=4．444，P〈0．01），促黄体生成素（LH）及促卵泡刺激素（FSH）均高于正常对照组（Z=2．094，P〈0．05；Z=2．086，P〈0．05），雌二醇（E2）与正常对照组无统计学意义。结论 海洛因可致机体下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能紊乱，影响性机能，并且性问题在海洛因依赖性形成机制和戒断上的意义值得进一步探讨。     

针挑治疗精索静脉曲张不育术后的临床观察

目的:观察针挑疗法对精索静脉曲张不育手术后的临床疗效.方法:将122例患者随机分为两组,治疗组(62例)针挑骶丛神经点、腰2神经点,对照组(60例)肌肉注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素.结果:配偶受孕率治疗组为79.0%,对照组为41.7%,两组比较差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01);两组生殖内分泌激素治疗后均有改善(P<0.01);治疗组治疗后精浆超氧化物歧化酶、微量元素锌显著增加,与治疗前比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论:针挑治疗精索静脉曲张不育术后有显著改善和调节内分泌功能、提高精浆与精子质量、增加妊娠率的作用.     

试论岳甫嘉医案中不育的诊治思维

岳甫嘉诊病重视脉症合参,尤以诊脉见长;处方多用中和之剂,收固真阴,反对过用热药,耗散精血。诊治思维贯穿其著作《妙一斋医学正印种子编》上卷所载验案。此卷专门论述男性不育的诊治,虽仅载验案八则,但八者皆奇,诊治结合,涵盖多法,可归纳为“先清热毒,再施温补”“药用滑涩,当辨标本”“先治脾,后治肾”“脾肾同治”“先祛痰火,再滋肾阴”及“交通心肾”6类,诸法之中的诊治思维,蕴含奥妙,颇具特色,特作探析。     

Scrotal abnormalities and infertility in west African men: A comparison of fertile and sub-fertile men using scrotal ultrasonography

ObjectiveTo determine and compare the spectrum of scrotal abnormalities in fertile and sub-fertile west African men using scrotal US.Subjects and methodsThe study examined 249 subjects over a period of 13 months. The subjects comprised 149 patients with diagnosis of male infertility, as well as 100 healthy individuals for comparison. The relevant clinical history of each patient was extracted from their case notes. All the subjects had their testes examined using a high frequency (7.5 MHz) linear transducer of an ultrasound scanner. Images in B-mode ultrasound scan and color Doppler were acquired in the supine and upright position. The results were expressed as percentages and tests of significance were done using the chi-square and Fisher's t-test. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of abnormal scrotal findings in the sub-fertile and fertile men was 65.1% and 23% respectively (P < 0.01). Varicocele was the commonest and was found in 55% and 12% of the fertile and sub-fertile men respectively (P < 0.01). Hydrocele and epididymal abnormalities were the next common with higher prevalence in the sub-fertile men (P > 0.05), while testicular tumor was confirmed in one sub-fertile patient. With the exclusion of varicocele, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the other abnormalities between the sub-fertile and fertile groups.ConclusionMale sub-fertility was associated with a higher prevalence of scrotal abnormalities. Apart from the diagnoses of the possible causes of the sub-fertility, routine scrotal US was able to diagnose other abnormalities of clinical relevance in the sub-fertile male. Scrotal US is a valuable tool in the evaluation of the sub-fertile west African man and should be considered in the routine evaluation of the sub-fertile west African man.     

Pathological characterisation of male breast cancer: Results of the EORTC 10085/TBCRC/BIG/NABCG International Male Breast Cancer Program

AimSeveral prognostic histological features have been established in female breast cancer (BC), but it is unknown whether these can be extrapolated to male BC patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of several histological features in a large series of male BC.MethodsCentral pathology review was performed for 1483 male BCs collected through part 1 of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) International Male BC Program. Pathology review included histological subtype, grade, mitotic activity index (MAI), presence of a fibrotic focus and density of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). These features were correlated with clinical outcome. The relationship between these features and surrogate molecular subtypes using immunohistochemistry was also assessed.ResultsMedian follow-up for overall survival (OS) was 7.1 years. Overall histological grade was not significantly associated with OS (p = 0.129). MAI, the presence of a fibrotic focus and a low TIL density however were correlated with unfavourable OS (p = 0.023, p = 0.004 and p = 0.011, respectively). BC subtype correlated with TIL density (p = 0.015), as we observed a higher density for human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) positive BC compared to luminal HER2-negative subtype. No association was observed between subtype and fibrotic focus.ConclusionsHistologic grade was not significantly correlated with clinical outcome in this series, unlike what is seen in female patients. These results contribute to our understanding of male BC and indicate the importance of further research on the optimisation of risk stratification and treatment decisions for male BC patients.     

线粒体介导的细胞凋亡与男性不育的研究进展

随着世界工业化进程的加快,环境污染逐渐加重,男性不育的发病率呈全球性的增高趋势。疾病、毒物接触、电磁辐射、环境雌激素都可能是造成生育能力下降的诱因,但造成男性不育的机制尚不明确。精子质量低下是男性不育的根本原因,主要包括精子DNA损伤、精子活动力下降、精子密度降低等。线粒体损伤与精子细胞凋亡率升高常伴随以上原因出现。该文对线粒体介导的细胞凋亡与男性不育之间的关系进行简要综述。     

本科男护生实习后期思想现状调查及分析

目的调查男性护理本科生实习后期思想现状,探讨男护生实习培养存在问题及解决方向。方法采用自制调查问卷,对进入临床实习后期45名本科男护生进行调查。结果男护生实习前后对护理工作思想认识、择业态度有较大差异,实习后仍愿从事护理人数比例由实习前56.25%下降到43.75%。结论实习后期男护生思想认识、择业态度比实习前有较大差异,部分学生思想动摇,考虑改行,教育工作者应考虑男护生培养存在问题,思考应对方法。