Effect of DASH diet on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Background and aimsOxidative stress (OS) is one of the main risk factors for several chronic diseases. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) contain many antioxidants and may contribute to managing OS.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impacts of the DASH diet on OS parameters.MethodsA comprehensive electronic search in MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed through September 2020 to find related studies evaluating the impact of the DASH diet on OS parameters. Standardized mean differences were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsEight studies with a total of 317 subjects met our inclusion criteria. Four studies included in meta-analysis model with 200 participants (100 in treatment and 100 in control group). The DASH diet was associated with a statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: −0.53; 95% CI: −0.89, −0.16; I² = 42.1%), and a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) (SMD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.03; I² = 42.1%). Meta-analysis found no statistically significant effect of DASH diet on nitric oxide (NO) (SMD: −1.40; 95% CI: −0.12, 1.93; I² = 92.6%) or total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (SMD: 0.95; 95% CI: −0.10, 1.99; I² = 87.6%).ConclusionOur results demonstrated that a DASH diet could significantly increase GSH and decrease MDA levels. Furthermore, there is a trend to improve TAC, NO, and f2-isoprostanes by the adherence to the DASH diet. However, long-term, large sample size and well-designed randomized clinical trials are still needed to draw concrete conclusions about DASH diet’s effects on OS parameters.     

参松养心胶囊与比索洛尔治疗脑心综合征心律失常的疗效比较

目的比较参松养心胶囊与比索洛尔治疗脑心综合征心律失常的临床疗效。方法选择哈励逊国际和平医院2013年3月—2017年5月脑心综合征心律失常患者92例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各46例。对照组在常规治疗的基础上口服富马酸比索洛尔片,2.5 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上口服参松养心胶囊,1.2 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组的心电图疗效、儿茶酚胺、血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平变化和不良反应情况。结果治疗后,对照组患者的总有效率为78.26%,显著低于治疗组的93.48%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,对照组和治疗组患者心电图疗效分别为56.52%、76.09%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)和多巴胺(DA)水平较治疗前均明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组儿茶酚胺水平均明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组血清MDA水平降低,SOD水平升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组MDA和SOD水平显著优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组的不良反应发生率(6.52%)显著低于对照组(21.73%),两组比较差异具有统计学意义。结论与比索洛尔相比,参松养心胶囊治疗脑心综合征心律失常的效果更优,安全性更高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

地塞米松磷酸钠口服液的制备及其抗大鼠粘连性肠梗阻的初步研究

目的：制备地塞米松磷酸钠口服液并初步考察其抗大鼠粘连性肠梗阻作用。方法：采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定地塞米松磷酸钠的含量、油水分配系数、考察地塞米松磷酸钠稳定性影响因素;采用裘法祖造模法和试剂盒考察其抗大鼠粘连性肠梗阻的作用。结果：在pH 1.0~8.0范围内,地塞米松磷酸钠的油水分配系数均小于零;pH为8.0时药物降解最慢,抗氧剂Na₂SO₃和稳定剂丙二醇联用可增加地塞米松磷酸钠的稳定性。与尾静脉注射给药相比,地塞米松磷酸钠口服液能显著降低粘连性肠梗阻（AIO）大鼠肠道丙二醛（MDA）含量（P<0.05）,显著提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）的活性（P<0.01,P<0.01）。结论：地塞米松磷酸钠口服液具有抗大鼠粘连性肠梗阻作用且其作用强于注射液。     

肝细胞生长因子和丹参对大鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

作者观察了肝细胞生长因子（HGF）、丹参对DDl4所致大鼠急性肝损伤的影响，结果发现，HGF组、丹参组以及西药联用组对急性肝损伤大鼠的血清ALT、α-肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、丙二醛（MDA）以及肝组织匀浆MDA、肝组织钙含量的升高等均有不同程度的降低作用，且能使CCl4所致降低的血清及肝组织匀浆SOD活力明显升高。光镜及电镜下观察，用药组肝细胞病变软CCl4组有明显改善。本文结果表明，HGF、丹参对CCl4所致大鼠急性肝损伤有良好的保护作用，且HGF、丹参联用效果优于单用．     

Silymarin improved 6-OHDA-induced motor impairment in hemi-parkisonian rats: behavioral and molecular study

Background

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress has been shown to be associated with the development of Parkinson disease (PD). In the present study, we investigated the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of silymarin, on 6-OHDA-induced motor-impairment, brain lipid per-oxidation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of inflammatory cytokine in the rats.

Results

The results showed that silymarin is able to improve motor coordination significantly (p < 0.001) in a dose dependent manner. There was a significant (p < 0.001) increase in MDA levels of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats whereas; in silymarin (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, i.p. for 5 days) pre-treated hemi-parkinsonian rats MDA levels was decreased markedly (p < 0.001). Furthermore the CSF levels of IL-1β was decreased (p < 0.001) in silymarin (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) pre-treated rats up to the range of normal non-parkinsonian animals.

Conclusion

We found that pre-treatment with silymarin could improve 6-OHDA-induced motor imbalance by attenuating brain lipid per-oxidation as well as CSF level of IL-1β as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. We suggest a potential prophylactic effect for silymarin in PD. However, further clinical trial studies should be carried out to prove this hypothesis.     

稳恒磁场对小鼠肾脏组织GSH-Px活性及MDA含量的影响

目的　研究稳恒磁场对小鼠肾组织中丙二醛 (MDA)含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活性的影响。方法　采用磁感应强度 (B)为 2 4 6± 4 2mT ,42 0± 2 1mT ,63 5± 3 0mT ,85 1± 2 9mT的稳恒磁场分别作用于小鼠 ,每天平均 4h ,1 5d后处死小鼠检测肾脏组织中MDA的含量及GSH Px活性。结果　B为 2 4 6± 4 2mT ,42 0± 2 1mT ,63 5± 3 0mT ,85 1± 2 9mT磁场暴露的小鼠 ,其肾组织中MDA含量较对照组明显减少 (P <0 0 1 ) ,B为 42 0± 2 1mT ,63 5± 3 0mT的磁场暴露的小鼠 ,其肾组织中GSH Px活性明显增加 (P <0 0 1 ) ,但B为 2 4 6±4 2mT ,85 1± 2 9mT时的GSH Px活性没有明显的变化。结论　提示一定磁感应强度的稳恒磁场对小鼠的肾组织的脂质过氧化代谢产生影响 ,降低了氧化物的生成 ,对延缓衰老有积极作用     

Lutein extends the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster

Lutein is one of the major carotenoids in most fruits and vegetables. The effect of lutein on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster was investigated. Results revealed that 0.1 mg lutein/ml diet could prolong their mean lifespan from 49.0 to 54.6 days. This was consistent with a significant reduction in malonyldialdehyde (MDA) level and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities of the flies fed with lutein-treated diet compared with those fed with basal diet. Paraquat (PQ) and H₂O₂ treatment tests demonstrated that lutein could prolong the survival time of the flies. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated the gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD; SOD1 and SOD2), and catalase (CAT) in the lutein-treated group was up-regulated relative to that of the control group. It was concluded that the lifespan-prolonging activity of lutein was partially by up-regulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.     

Protective effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A in rats

Objective: This study aims to explore the protective effect mechanism of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin A in vivo. Method: Renal toxicity of SD rats model induced by CsA was established. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine NAG, GSH and MDA were determined and the histopathological changes of rat renal cortex were observed to explore the protective effects of 2-DG on CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. Results: Serum creatinine, BUN and urinary NAG of rats were significantly changed in experimental groups. Pathological results showed that there was obvious renal tubular injury in model group, however, the renal injury was significantly reduced in pre-treated with 2-DG. Conclusions: 2-DG had obvious protective effect on nephrotoxicity especially with high dose. This protective effect could be related to the reduction of ROS induced by CsA. However, 2-DG had no effect on the expression of RIP3.     

罗格列酮对apoE基因敲除小鼠血浆高敏C反应蛋白水平的影响

目的探讨罗格列酮对apoE基因敲除小鼠血浆炎症因子水平的影响。方法20只8周龄apoE基因敲除小鼠随机分为动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)模型组和罗格列酮干预组,另取10只8周龄野生型C57/BL小鼠作为正常对照组。3组均饲喂普通饮食,罗格列酮组给予10mg.kg-1.d-1,12周后获取静脉血和主动脉标本。分别用胶乳凝聚法、微量快速测定法及XO法测定高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、丙二醛(MDA)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。HE染色后镜下观察主动脉病变。结果AS模型组主动脉形成明显的动脉粥样硬化斑块,罗格列酮干预组病变较AS组轻;AS组血浆MDA、hs-CRP含量均显著高于正常对照组,罗格列酮干预组MDA、hs-CRP含量均显著低于模型组。模型组血浆SOD含量活性明显低于正常对照组,而罗格列酮干预组活性显著高于模型组。结论罗格列酮具有抗AS作用,且其抗AS作用可能与其抗炎症相关。针对炎症有望控制AS的发生发展。