Endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastrointestinal neoplasms

Endoscopic submucosal dissection （ESD） is an advanced technique of therapeutic endoscopy for superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms. Three steps characterize it：injecting fluid into the submucosa to elevate the lesion, cutting the surrounding mucosa of the lesion, and dissecting the submucosa beneath the lesion. The ESD technique has rapidly permeated in Japan for treatment of early gastric cancer, due to its excellent results of en- bloc resection compared to endoscopic mucosal resection （EMR）. Although there is still room for improvement to lessen its technical difficulty, ESD has recently been applied to esophageal and colorectal neoplasms. Favorable short-term results have been reported, but the application of ESD should be well considered by three aspects：（1） the possibility of nodal metastases of the lesion, （2） technical difficulty such as location, ulceration and operator＇s skill, and （3） organ characteristics.     

主动脉夹层20例临床分析

本文报告了我院 1994～ 2 0 0 3年收治的 2 0例主动脉夹层 （AD）患者。对AD的诊断和治疗有如下体会 :胸片可提示诊断 ;超声检查简便易行、敏感性和特异性均高 ;CT、MRI、动脉造影均是确诊本病的重要影像检查手段 ,主要阳性表现有双腔征、内膜撕裂口、内膜飘浮片等 ,螺旋CT动脉造影三维重建 （3D CTA）对诊断本病有独特价值 ,可非常清晰地显示内膜的原发撕裂口和继发撕裂口、夹层的部位、范围、走行、主动脉分支的受累情况 ,价值比MRI更高。内科保守治疗可为外科手术和 （或 ）介入治疗赢得时间 ,抗血小板和抗凝治疗可增加早期病死率 ,应慎用或禁用。     

Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis of Acute Aortic Dissection

The management of patients with acute aortic dissection requires a rapid diagnosis and precise information about the localization and extent of the dissection. Four imaging techniques are currently available to diagnose aortic dissection: aortography; contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CECT); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). All of these techniques have their specific advantages and inherent limitations. Recent studies have demonstrated that MRI may best provide a comprehensive and detailed evaluation of the thoracic aorta, therefore proposing this technique as a "new gold standard" in the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection. TEE, however, may be the best alternative technique, as it combines high sensitivity and specificity with high practicality. The practicality is particularly important in hemodynamically unstable patients in whom a rapid bedside imaging modality is required. CECT might be necessary in selected cases in whom TEE fails to provide a definite diagnosis. Aortography may be necessary in patients in whom clinical signs are suggestive of organ ischemia and in whom coronary anatomy needs to be delineated before operation.     

A novel <Emphasis Type="Italic">COL3A1</Emphasis> gene mutation in patient with aortic dissected aneurysm and cervical artery dissections

A considerable proportion of aortic aneurysms are shown to have genetic backgrounds. The COL3A1 gene, which encodes type III procollagen and causes Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV, is one of the candidate genes associated with aortic aneurysms. The COL3A1 gene is also associated with cervical artery dissections (CAD) mostly as a part of manifestations of EDS type IV. We describe a 34-year-old Korean woman with both abdominal dissected aortic aneurysm and CAD accompanying atrial septal defect and multiple cysts in ovary and thyroid glands. She lacked cardinal manifestations of EDS type IV other than the vascular abnormalities, but molecular analyses of the COL3A1 gene confirmed a de novo heterozygous missense mutation that has not been reported before (c. 781G > A; Gly261Ser). This case suggested that the COL3A1 gene could be one of etiologically linked genes in isolated vasculopathies such as aortic dissected aneurysm or CAD, although being rare.     

Cardiac catheterization and selective coronary angiography in ascending aortic aneurysm or dissection

Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography can be technically demanding and is potentially risky in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm or dissection. We describe our approach to and results in catheterizing 63 patients with ascending aortic pathology. © 1994 Wiley-Liss,Inc..     

Predicting Periprocedural Complications in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The PROGRESS-CTO Complication Scores

BackgroundChronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with increased risk of periprocedural complications. Estimating the risk of complications facilitates risk-benefit assessment and procedural planning.ObjectivesThis study sought to develop risk scores for in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), mortality, pericardiocentesis, and acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients undergoing CTO PCI.MethodsThe study analyzed the PROGRESS-CTO (Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention; NCT02061436) and created risk scores for MACE, mortality, pericardiocentesis, and acute MI. Logistic regression prediction modeling was used to identify independently associated variables, and models were internally validated with bootstrapping.ResultsThe incidence of periprocedural complications among 10,480 CTO PCIs was as follows: MACE 215 (2.05%), mortality 47 (0.45%), pericardiocentesis 83 (1.08%), and acute MI 66 (0.63%). The final model for MACE included ≥65 years of age (1 point), moderate-severe calcification (1 point), blunt stump (1 point), antegrade dissection and re-entry (ADR) (1 point), female (2 points), and retrograde (2 points); the final model for mortality included ≥65 years of age (1 point), left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45% (1 point), moderate-severe calcification (1 point), ADR (1 point), and retrograde (1 point); the final model for pericardiocentesis included ≥65 years of age (1 point), female (1 point), moderate-severe calcification (1 point), ADR (1 point), and retrograde (2 points); the final model for acute MI included prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (1 point), atrial fibrillation (1 point), and blunt stump (1 point). The C-statistics of the models were 0.74, 0.80, 0.78, 0.72 for MACE, mortality, pericardiocentesis, and acute MI, respectively.ConclusionsThe PROGRESS-CTO complication risk scores can facilitate estimation of the periprocedural complication risk in patients undergoing CTO PCI.     

Inadvertent thrombolytic therapy for cardiovascular diseases masquerading as acute coronary thrombosis

We report three cases of inadvertent thrombolytic administration to patients with cardiovascular diagnoses masquerading as acute coronary thrombosis presenting to a tertiary care private hospital. Despite a final diagnosis of myocarditis, aortic dissection, and pericarditis, the initial presentation and electrocardiogram were believed to indicate an acute myocardial infarction due to coronary thrombosis. Intravenous thrombolytic agents were administered early in their presentation. Cardiac catheterization in two of the patients revealed normal coronary arteriography and in the third patient confirmed an aortic dissection. The patient with an aortic dissection died while the other two recovered without adverse consequences of the thrombolytic agents. Prior reports of five patients, treated with intravenous thrombolytic agents for suspected coronary thrombosis, who proved to have a final diagnosis of pericarditis or aortic dissection are reviewed. Death or tamponade occurred in four of five. The consequences of inadvertently administering intravenous thrombolytic agents to patients with nonthrombotic cardiac disorders can be serious. If the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction due to coronary thrombosis is uncertain, serial electrocardiograms, bedside echocardiography, or urgent cardiac catheterization may be appropriate before administering these agents.     

The risks and characteristics of the delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric carcinoma in cases with anticoagulants

Abstract

Background

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive treatment for early gastric carcinoma. Vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) were reported to increase the risk of delayed bleeding after ESD. However, the evaluation of ESD cases taking anticoagulants is scarce. We analyzed the risk and characteristics of delayed bleeding after gastric ESD in patients on anticoagulants.     

主动脉夹层合并急性肺栓塞五例临床分析

目的:总结主动脉夹层(AD)合并急性肺栓塞(PTE)的发病情况,分析AD合并PTE的临床特点及治疗的合理性。方法:我院2002～2006年共收治AD患者1094例,其中5例合并PTE。除临床症状、体征和常规检查外,AD和PTE均经计算机断层摄影术(CT)确诊。结果:5例AD合并PTE患者发病年龄为44～67岁,3例初诊误诊,AD合并PTE占AD患者的4.6‰。5例均为多发PTE,皆累及右肺动脉主干或其分支,其中4例同时累及左肺动脉或其分支。3例给予低分子肝素和(或)华法林抗凝治疗。5例患者出院后(1～45个月)电话随访,3例日常活动无明显不适,两例失访。结论:AD误诊率较高,AD合并PTE比较罕见,占AD患者的4.6‰。AD患者出现呼吸困难或低氧血症时应警惕PTE,但需与夹层血肿或者夹层内血栓压迫右肺动脉等情况鉴别。对于夹层病情相对稳定、无外科手术指征或其他合并症的情况下,可给予抗凝治疗,推荐控制INR1.8～2.0之间。     

A case report of type I acute aortic intramural hematoma with localized dissection as a complication of renal artery stenting.

Percutaneous renal artery stenting has been demonstrated as an effective procedure to improve blood pressure control and preserve renal function of patients with artherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Although it is a relatively safe procedure, some serious complications, including retroperitoneal hemorrhage, atheroembolism, and arterial dissection, can occur. However, development of aortic intramural hematoma (AIH), a different clinical disease entity from the aortic dissection, has not been reported as a complication of the procedure. We report a unique case with AIH that was successfully treated with medication. A 71-year-old woman with uncontrolled hypertension underwent percutaneous renal artery stenting for treatment of the ostial stenosis of the right renal artery. Immediately after implantation of the stent, she complained of severe back pain and her systolic blood pressure dropped from 170 to 80 mm Hg. Aortography showed about 5 cm-sized localized dissection arising from the ostium of the right renal artery; however, computerized tomography (CT) scans taken immediately after the procedure revealed DeBakey type I AIH with a localized dissection from the right renal artery and pericardial effusion. Because of her refusal to take surgical intervention, which is a standard treatment, she was stabilized with intensive medical treatment. After 14 days of stabilization, AIH and pericardial effusion resolved on the follow-up CT scans. Her blood pressure was well controlled with oral antihypertensive medications and she was discharged without other complication.