抑肽酶对长期低温保存兔肺的保护作用的研究

目的 :探讨抑肽酶对长期低温保存兔肺保护作用。方法 :应用离体兔肺缺血再灌注模型 ,15只白兔随机分为三组 (抑肽酶组、对照组 1、对照组 2 ) ,抑肽酶组和对照组 1用Euro -Collins液进行肺灌洗和低温保存(10℃ ,2 4h)后 ,以新鲜兔血离体灌注 30min。抑肽酶组在兔血中加入抑肽酶 (2 5万KIU) ;对照组 1不用抑肽酶。对照组 2取自正常兔肺 ,不进行肺灌洗和保存。灌注中测定肺动脉氧差 (△PO2 ) ,肺动脉压 (PAP) ,灌注完毕取肺电镜观察微观结构。应用TUNEL(末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶 (TdT)介导的dUTP缺口末端标记 )技术检测肺细胞凋亡情况。结果 :与对照组 1比较 ,抑肽酶组的动静脉氧差较大 (2 0min时差异显著 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,肺动脉压较低 (P <0 .0 5 )。电镜观察对照组 1肺结构破坏重。细胞凋亡检测显示对照组 1细胞凋亡数目高于抑肽酶组 (P =0 .0 0 18)和对照组 2 (P =0 .0 0 0 1) ,抑肽酶组细胞凋亡数目高于对照组 2 (P =0 .0 0 0 )。结论 :抑肽酶对于长期低温保存的兔肺有保护作用。细胞凋亡可作为评价肺移植后保护效果的指标之一。     

海南省第四次全国结核病流行病学抽样调查分析

目的：评价世行贷款结核病项目实施效果，掌握疫情现状，为制度2001－2010年防治规划提供理论依据。方法：按照《第四次全国结核病流行病学抽样调查工作手册》对2个随机抽样点人群进行流调。结果：活动性肺结核13例，患病率和涂阳患病率434．8／10万，33．4／10万，较1990年流设疫情分别下降了43．4％和27．3％，BCG接种率34．9％，较1996年流调提高了一倍。结论：以控制传染源为目的：以DOTS为核心的结核病控制策略是成功的，可行的，政府的行政干预及保持必要的经费投入，对结核病控制可持续发展具有重要意义。农村儿童及新生儿BCG接种工作亟待改善。     

肺癌脑转移83例临床分析

我所内科１９８８￣１９９３年收治肺癌患者１００６例，脑转移８３例，占８．２５％，由于治疗方法不同，其预后极其不同。手术切除加放疗化疗与单纯放疗化疗的生存率有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），放疗化疗综合组疗效预后好于单一治疗组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。因此在肺癌确诊后应常规作脑影像学检查，可早期诊断，这是提高疗效和生存捏的重要因素。     

原因不明老年咯血患者的纤支镜检查

报告７８例老年咯血患者纤维支气管镜检查结果，７１例获得病因诊断，诊断率９产％。咯血原因中，肺癌４８例，占６１．５％。其它依次是：支气管扩张１２例，肺炎１１例，老年人肺结核发病率低。４１例肺癌的病理分型显示，鳞癌３０例，小细胞癌凶，为５例。     

A study of blood supply of liver tumors using duplex Doppler ultrasound and color Doppler flow imaging

Summary With the use of duplex Doppler ultrasound and color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI), the characteristics of blood supply in neoplasma were studied in 51 cases of 60 liver tumors, and compared with the results of surgery, pathological examination and hepatic anerial angiography. The result showed that: 1. Doppler blood flow signals could be detected in all hepatic carcinomas, and in 10 cases of 18 hemangiomas, significant difference was observed (P<0.001); 2. Doppler blood flow spectra showed pulsatile pattern in 41 of 42 hepatic carcinomas, and in 6 of 10 hemangiomas (P<0.01); and 3. the peak flow velocity was obviously lower in hemangioma group than in hepatic carcinoma group (20.34±23.93 vs 64.74±30.18 cm,P<0.001). The characteristics of CDFI show that hemangiomas and hepatocellular carcinomas are different. It can, therefore, be concluded that the blood supply of hepatic carcinomas mainly comes from hepatic arterial system, and is of value in duplex Doppler ultrasound and CDFI.     

Chronic modifications of lung and heart development in glucocorticoid-treated newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia or room air

We assessed the mechanics and morphology of the lung in 165 rats treated neonatally with either room air (RA), O₂, RA + steroids, or O₂, + steroids. Newborn Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to these groups. O₂,-exposure (0.96-1.0 FiO₂ lasted 5 days, and dexamethasone treatment consisted of eight daily S.C. injections of drug or buffer in successive doses of 0.5,0.4.0.3,0.2,0.1, 0.1. 0.1. and 0.1 mg/kg. At 58 days, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVP) was measured. At 60 days, all rats were sacrificed for obtaining lung weight and DNA, saline pressure-volume (P-V) curves, and morphometry. We weighed right ventricles (RV) and left ventricles + septa (LV). Hyperoxia alone did not, but steroid decreased survival rate to 79.4% (95.3% in RA rats, P < 0.02). Only 21 of 40 (52%) O₂ + steroids rats survived, less than in both RA groups (P < 0.001). RV weight, RVP and muscularization of alveolar duct arteries were significantly increased in O₂ vs. RA rats. In RA + steroids rats, weight of the LV was decreased but RV, RVP, and lung vasculature were not affected. These effects were additive in the O₂ + steroid group. Wet lung weights and DNA were increased for RA + steroid rats over all others. O₂ and steroids shifted the P-V curve to the left and O₂+ steroids still further. Maximal lung volume increased significantly with RA + steroids and still further in O₂ + steroids but not in O₂ alone. O₂ and steroids significantly increased the mean linear intercept and O₂ + steroids even more so. In O₂- and steroid-treated rats, the parenchymal air space increased. In conclusion, both neonatal hyperoxia and steroid administration caused aberrations in the growth of lung and connective tissue. The effects of the two were additive. The vascular system, maximal lung volume, and DNA responded differently, presumably by different modes of action. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:81–88. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A pharmacokinetic comparison of cyclosporin oral solution and cyclosporin capsules in heart and lung transplant recipients

Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained for 16 heart or lung recipients following the administration of identical doses of cyclosporin as oral solution and capsules on consecutive days. A comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, C_max, C_min and t_max) showed that there were no significant differences between the two formulations except for the t_max, which was significantly longer for the capsules. The mean variation in day-to-day trough levels produced by the two different forms was 25.6%. A retrospective study was carried out of consecutive cyclosporin levels in patients at steady state on oral solution. The mean variation in day-to-day trough levels was 32.3%. This was not significantly different from the variation in consecutive trough levels seen in the oral solution/capsule comparison. This study shows that cyclosporin capsules can be substituted for oral solution without causing acute changes in cyclosporin blood levels, and that the pharmacokinetics of the two formulations are similar.This work was carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Clinical Pharmacy, University of London     

双光气对大鼠肺损伤的研究

研究了双光气染毒后不同时间大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）成分及肺形态学改变。结果表明，双光气染毒后，ＢＡＬＦ成分的变化程度与肺形态改变密切相关ＢＡＬＦ成分分析可作为动物实验中探测双光气所致肺损伤的有力手段。     

高龄低肺功能肺癌患者手术治疗的麻醉处理

目的 总结高龄低肺功能肺癌患者的术前肺功能、手术和麻醉方式、术中和术后并发症以及术后呼吸机的应用。方法 回顾性分析和总结了112例70岁以上低肺功能肺癌患者的麻醉处理经验，并重点观察了19例重度呼吸功能障碍及全肺切除的病人术后经呼吸机辅助通气的预后。结果 全部病例安全渡过手术麻醉难关，无住院死亡。结论 由于手术和麻醉技术的提高，术后呼吸机的应用，对高龄低肺功能肺癌患者可相对扩大手术适应证，得到手术治疗的机会。     

高频超声检测颈动脉内膜-中层厚度及外周血管内皮功能评价动脉粥样硬化

目的 探讨高频超声检测颈动脉内膜-中层厚度与肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能在动脉粥样硬化中的诊断价值.方法 冠状动脉造影的老年患者69例及青年志愿者20例,分别行颈动脉超声检查,同时采用充气加压法测定肱动脉血流介导的内径扩张值,超声测值与冠脉造影结果对照分析.结果 ①颈动脉内膜-中层厚度值随粥样硬化斑块的增多、冠脉狭窄程度的加重而增高;②动脉粥样硬化患者在内膜-中层厚度值增高之前即可出现内皮功能损伤,肱动脉内径扩张值降低早于内膜-中层厚度值增高之前出现,内径扩张值随冠脉狭窄程度加重而下降.结论 高频超声检测颈动脉内膜-中层厚度、内径扩张值诊断早期动脉粥样硬化敏感性高,并且有助于对冠脉狭窄程度作出判断.