针刀配合针灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效观察

目的:分析针刀与针灸配合应用于腰椎间盘突出症患者中的临床治疗效果。方法:在我院针灸康复科2017年12月-2018年12月治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者中选取64例,并严格按照系统随机分配原则分为对照组和观察组,各32例。其中对照组采用针灸进行治疗,观察组采用针刀与针灸配合治疗,观察对比两组患者治疗后临床效果和治疗前后运动功能评分(Fugl-Meyer)、腰椎日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分、视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分以及临床症状改善情况。结果:两组患者治疗前Fugl-Meyer、VAS、JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后对照组VAS评分高于观察组,Fugl-Meyer、JOA评分低于观察组,且对照组总有效率低于观察组,对照组腰骶疼痛评分和腿疼痛评分均低于观察组,直腿抬高度高于观察组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:予以腰椎间盘突出症患者针刀与针灸配合治疗效果显著,效果优于单一使用针灸治疗,可有效缓解患者疼痛感,改善临床症状,值得推广。     

腰椎间盘突出症疗效不佳的临床观察

目的 分析腰椎间盘突出症手术疗效不佳的原因，探讨提高疗效的方法。方法 随访本院1993-2003年腰椎间盘突出症行后路髓核摘除术病例236例，对术后腰腿痛症状未缓解或症状消失后再复发者复查X片、CT或MRI了解病因。结果手术疗效不佳者25例。疗效不佳的主要原因为残留髓核再突出、术后脊柱不稳倾向增加、对侧隐窝狭窄认识不足、神经根损伤、极外侧型椎问盘突出漏切、感染、术后椎管内瘢痕黏连等。全椎板切除术较椎板问开窗术更易发生椎管内瘢痕黏连（P＜0．01）。结论首次手术时应尽可能取净髓核组织，对动力位摄片发现有椎问不稳倾向者行后外侧植骨或椎体问植骨融合，常规探查并妥善处理侧隐窝，牵拉神经根时间不应过长且用力轻柔。行腰椎间盘CT和MRI扫描时，应注意包括椎间盘相邻上下椎体的1／3部，以防止遗漏极外侧型椎问盘突出，尽量采用椎板间开窗术式以减少脊柱创伤，术中间断冲洗，术毕持续负压引流，以减少术后黏连，术中应严格无菌操作。     

Subdental synchondrosis and anatomy of the axis in aging: a histomorphometric study on 30 autopsy cases

During skeletal development the two ossification centers of the odontoid process are separated from the corpus of the axis by a subdental synchondrosis. This synchondrosis is thought to close and disappear spontaneously in adolescence although this has never been studied in detail. The basis of the dens is of clinical relevance as type II dens fractures are located here. To characterize the morphological architecture of the axis with particular attention to the subdental synchondrosis, the complete axis was harvested from thirty age-matched and gender-matched patients of the three different age groups at autopsy. The subdental synchondrosis and the bone structure of the dens, the basis of the dens and the body of C2 were analyzed by radiography, histology and quantitative histomorphometry. At the macroscopic level the persistency of the subdental synchondrosis in the adult cervical spine was detected in 87% (26 of 30) of the specimens. Histomorphometry revealed a residual disc blastema with an average size of 25.8% of the sagittal depth of the basis of the dens at this level. Bony integration of the synchondrosis was poor throughout all ages. Histologically a cartilaginous matrix composition of the subdental synchondrosis persisted throughout all groups. The trabecular microarchitecture demonstrated a significant reduction of bone volume and trabecular number as well as an increased trabecular separation within the basis of the dens as compared to the corpus or the dens of C2. This histomorphometric data regarding a poor integration of the synchondrosis into the trabecular network and the reduced bone mass within the basis of the dens might offer a previously underestimated explanation for the occurrence of type II dens fractures and their association with pseudoarthrosis, respectively.Matthias Gebauer and Christian Lohse contributed equally to this study and therefore share first authorship.     

Salvage of a failed valgus osteotomy for non-union of an unstable pertrochanteric fracture

Salvage of a failed valgus osteotomy for nonunion of an unstable pertrochanteric fracture is reported. A valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy was performed for a failed sliding hip screw fixation of an unstable pertrochanteric fracture at another institution. Four months following osteotomy, the fracture was still un-united with two distal screws of the hip plate broken and a coxa vara deformity. Reconstruction was performed with a nine-hole 95° angle blade plate and cancellous bone graft, because the insufficient fixation of the distal fragment was considered to be the main reason for failure. The osteotomy was healed at six months post-surgery and the patient reported complete resolution of symptoms. Intertrochanteric valgus osteotomy is an effective procedure for mal-union and non-union of pertrochanteric fracture but stable fixation is required for a good result. The blade of the angle plate offers good purchase of the proximal fragment and secures it under rotational and bending stresses. We recommend that distal fragments should be fixed with at least seven cortices for this type of osteotomy.     

脊椎转移瘤增强减影MR成像

目的评估增强减影在脊椎转移瘤MR I中的应用价值。方法50例脊椎转移瘤病人进行MR I增强扫描,对比剂采用Gd-DTPA(0.1 mmol/kg),然后用T1W I增强后的图像与增强前的图像进行减影。通过对比噪声比(CNR)、信噪比(SNR)以及肿瘤边界清晰程度的比较,对MR I减影与否进行评估。结果MR I对比增强减影图像比传统的T1W I增强图像显示更清晰、更直观。所有脊椎转移瘤图像MR I减影的CNR和SNR比常规T1W I增强图像的CNR和SNR高。MR I减影CNR为155.05±24.73(x±SD),常规T1W I增强图像的CNR为11.11±14.26(t=35.65,Ρ<0.001)。MR I减影SNR为192.82±32.89(x±SD),常规T1W I增强图像的SNR为46.03±28.22(t=23.95,Ρ<0.001))。MR I对比增强减影图像比传统的T1W I增强图像能更好地显示脊椎转移瘤的边界和侵犯情况(2χ=29.34,Ρ<0.005)。结论MR I增强减影为探查和评估脊椎转移瘤提供了一个新的诊断方法。     

经皮椎弓根技术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床探讨

目的:探讨微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性及其疗效。方法:20例胸腰椎骨折病例,男13例,女7例;年龄28~65岁,平均48·2岁。其中16例损伤平面以下无神经功能损害、无双下肢和大小便障碍;4例有不同程度的脊髓损伤,按Frankel分级:C级1例,D级3例。在C形臂X线的定位下确定需要固定的椎弓根根部,做4个1·5cm长的切口,固定与复位均在4个小切口内完成。结果:所有病例均获随访,时间9~18个月,平均15个月。术后患者椎体高度均有不同程度恢复,椎体后凸畸形获得不同程度矫正。手术时间约1·5h,出血量约80ml。结论:微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定手术操作简便、安全可靠,具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点。     

AO钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折

目的 探讨复杂跟骨骨折治疗方法及AO钢板内固定价值.方法 应用AO钢板治疗累及距下关节的跟骨骨折24例,术中注意关节面复位和Bohler角的恢复.结果 24例病人经12～24个月随访,按照Fernandez评定标准:24例跟骨SandersⅡ-Ⅳ型骨折病人有18足评为优良.结论 距下关节面的复位和Bohler角的恢复,牢固的内固定和术后足够长时间的负重限制是成功的关键.     

椎管扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄

目的：探讨椎管扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄的效果。方法：椎板减压后复位，用棘突或髂骨植于一侧开槽处扩大椎管，并进行椎板及关节突关节植骨，对54例随访病人的手术前后临床表现及X线和CT进行比较。结果：随访6—39个月，临床优良率为81．1％。随访X线片显示椎板明显后移，CT测量与术前对比显示椎管内径扩大明显。结论：椎管扩大成形术操作简单，效果满意，术后并发症少，是治疗腰椎管狭窄的又一选择。