游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉治疗前臂复合组织缺损

目的 探讨应用游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉治疗前臂复合组织缺损的可行性与疗效.方法 对5例前臂骨(尺骨和/或桡骨)和软组织缺损的患者,应用同侧/对侧游离腓骨皮瓣移植,同时应用Smith-Nephew交锁髓内钉对游离腓骨进行固定.供区植皮.结果 5例皮瓣全部存活.根据Anderson评分标准评定:优1例,良3例,可1例.骨折愈合时间为12～17周,平均14.6周,术后无骨不连与感染发生.结论 游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉是治疗前臂复合组织缺损的可行方法.     

凹槽交锁髓内钉治疗股骨多段骨折(附18例报告)

目的探讨一种新型交锁髓内钉-凹槽交锁股骨髓内钉(Biorigid nail femur，简称BNF)治疗股骨多段骨折的方法。方法自2002年3月～2003年10月应用德国aap公司生产的BNF治疗骨折多段骨折18例。结果本组经过3～18个月、平均9个月的随访。骨折均愈合，膝、髋关节恢复良好。结论BNF具有设计独特、内固定可靠、主钉全程均可交锁的特点，能满足自股骨转子下到股骨髁之间一处或多处骨折内固定需要。     

肱骨近端骨折手术与非手术治疗方法疗效分析

目的分析肱骨近端骨折手术及非手术治疗方法的疗效。方法2002～2003年对43例肱骨近端骨折分别采用切开复位解剖钢板、拉力螺钉、克氏针固定及手法复位夹板固定治疗。采用Constant-murley评分方法评定疗效。结果所有患者随访10～19个月,平均11.5个月。24例手术患者中优11例,良8例,可4例,差1例,优良率为79.2%;19例非手术患者中优6例,良7例,可6例,优良率为68.4%;手术疗效明显优于非手术疗效,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。X线片示无骨折不愈合及肱骨头坏死发生。结论对Neer分型中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型中部分患者应采用非手术手法复位夹板固定治疗。而Ⅲ、Ⅳ型应采用手术方法治疗,主要采用解剖钢板固定。拉力螺钉、克氏针作为一种辅助手段,在手术中不宜过多使用。     

Arthroscopic Double-Row Suture Anchor Fixation of Minimally Displaced Greater Tuberosity Fractures

In cases of displaced greater tuberosity fractures, treatments by arthroscopic-assisted reduction and percutaneous screw fixation have been reported. However, in cases in which there is a comminuted fracture or a minimally displaced fracture combined with concomitant lesions such as rotator cuff tear or labral pathology, it is difficult to reduce the fracture and to treat other pathologies by use of a percutaneous screw. Recently, many surgeons have used the double-row repair method in rotator cuff repair, which provides a tendon-bone interface better suited for biologic healing and restoring normal anatomy. In accordance with this method, we used the arthroscopic technique of double-row suture anchor fixation for a minimally displaced greater tuberosity fracture without additional incision. Initially, debridement was performed on the fracture surface by use of a shaver, and the medial-row anchor was inserted through the anterior portal or the intact cuff. Two lateral-row anchors were inserted just anterior and posterior to the lower margin of the fractured fragment under C-arm guidance. The medial-row sutures and lateral-row sutures were then placed. Arthroscopic double-row suture anchor fixation of a displaced greater tuberosity fracture restores the original footprint of the rotator cuff and normal tendon-bone interface of the displaced greater tuberosity fracture.     

经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板治疗肱骨髁间骨折

[目的]探讨经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路应用肱骨内、外髁解剖钢板治疗肱骨髁间骨折的方法和临床疗效。[方法]2002年7月-2006年3月采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路结合肱骨内、外髁解剖钢板治疗肱骨髁间骨折26例，男19例，女7例；年龄15-46岁，平均35岁。按照Riseborough和Radin的分类方法，Ⅱ型6例，Ⅲ型18例，Ⅳ型2例。[结果]术后25例骨折复位满意，1例复位稍差，无切口感染，1例术中牵拉损伤尺神经，22例获得随访，时间6～19个月，平均13．5个月。尺神经损伤恢复，骨折全部愈合，无内固定松动及断裂，愈合时间14～24周，平均17周。根据改良的Cassebaum评分系统评价肘关节功能，其中优5例，良13例，可3例，差1例，优良率81．8％。[结论]经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路显露骨折充分，肱骨内、外髁解剖钢板固定肱骨髁间骨折牢固可靠，能有效的防止骨折不愈合，并可满足患者早期进行关节功能锻炼。     

小切口动力髋螺钉治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折

[目的]探讨应用小切口动力髋螺钉(DHS)微创固定治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的方法及临床效果.[方法]回顾性分析2001年8月～2006年1月应用闭合复位、小切口DHS固定治疗37例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者,其中男15例,女22例;年龄72～92岁,平均81.5岁.在C型臂X线机监视下,先将1～2枚克氏针经皮通过大转子打入股骨头上部.另将1枚导针按135°颈干角打入股骨头中央,在导针下做一长约4～5.5 cm纵切口,经导针拧入粗拉力螺纹钉.拔出导针将带套管接骨板沿肌层下插入,并将接骨板的套管套入螺纹钉的尾端.[结果]手术时间40～75 min,平均60 min.术中平均出血55 ml.术后与术前血红蛋白值比较无明显变化.37例均获11～18个月随访,骨折愈合时间10～15周.轻度髋内翻2例,无切口感染、内固定失效及旋转畸形.按董纪元疗效评定标准,优良率94.6%.[结论]小切口DHS微创技术具有手术时间短、出血少、创伤小、并发症少、康复快的特点,是治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折较理想的方法.     

三叶草钢板治疗肱骨近端3、4部分骨折

我院于2003-2006年运用三叶草钢板对32例肱骨近端3、4部分骨折进行手术治疗取得满意结果,现报告如下。1临床资料32例肱骨近端骨折,男21例,女11例;年龄25~82岁,平均54·4岁。根据Neer分型[1],其中Ⅳ型3部分11例,4部分4例;Ⅴ型3部分12例,4部分3例;Ⅵ型3部分1例,4部分1例。病程1~10 d,平均4·5 d。损伤原因:跌伤22例,交通伤7例,高处坠落伤3例。2治疗方法选用臂丛麻醉或全麻,患者取“沙滩椅”位,采用改良Thompson切口。将上臂外展以利切口暴露,以肱二头肌肌间沟作为解剖标记。如有肱骨头脱位应先复位,将钢板根据肱骨外形塑形,精确匹配肱骨近端…     

肱骨髁间骨折的手术治疗及疗效评价

目的 探讨肱骨髁间骨折的手术方式并评价疗效。方法 1998年1月～2004年12月共手术治疗肱骨髁间骨折28例，进行随访分析。结果 28例中26例获随访，时间6个月～4年7个月，其中22例获2年以上随访。疗效评价参照casse‰。评分系统，优良率为65％。结论 骨折类型及手术方式直接影响预后。关节良好的复位和牢固的固定，以及术后早期积极的功能锻炼是得到良好疗效的保证。     

Surgical treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures by closed reduction and external fixation. A review of 32 consecutive cases operated

Abstract Complex tibial plateau fractures are a challenge in trauma surgery. In these fractures it is necessary to anatomically reduce the articular part of the fracture and to obtain stable fixation. The aim of this study is to review the results of a surgical technique consisting of fluoroscopic closed reduction and combined percutaneous internal and external fixation. Thirty-two complex tibial plateau fractures in 32 patients were included. Twenty-one fractures were closed, 4 were open Gustilo grade I, 3 were Gustilo grade II and 4 were Gustilo grade III. The mean age was 37.8 years (range 21–64 years). Surgery was performed with patients in transcalcaneal traction and the knee flexed at 30° was used. Through a 1-cm incision centred over the tibial metaphysis of the tibia, a 3.2-mm hole was drilled in the antero-medial tibial aspect. The tibial plateau fracture fragments were elevated using either 1 or 2 curved Kirschner wires under fluoroscopy to control the reduction. Then the fragments were fixed with 2 cannulated AO screws inserted through small incisions into the medial aspect of the tibial plateau. Knee rehabilitation started postoperatively. Weight bearing started after 8–12 weeks depending upon the radiographic appearance. All external fixators were removed in outpatient facilities. All patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated at a mean follow-up of 48 months (range 38–57 months). Clinical results were evaluated according to the Knee Society clinical score. Average healing time was 24 weeks (range 18–29 weeks). In 1 patient a non-union occurred. This patient was treated with open reduction and plate fixation. In 2 patients a varus knee deformity occurred and a surgical correction was performed. There were no surgical complications. Mean knee range of motion was 105° (range 75–125°) and mean Knee Society clinical score was 89. Twenty-five results were scored as excellent, 4 good, 2 fair and 1 poor. Using this technique there is limited soft tissue damage and virtually no periosteum damage to the fracture fragments. However anatomical reconstruction of the joint can be obtained. Furthermore knee rehabilitation can be started immediately after surgery. We think that these factors were responsible for the optimal clinical long-term results.     

Prevention of venous thromboembolism in orthopedic surgery with vitamin K antagonists: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The benefit-to-risk ratio of vitamin K antagonists (VKA), relative to active comparators, especially low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery is debated. OBJECTIVES: We performed a meta-analysis of all randomized trials in orthopedic surgery comparing adjusted doses of VKA to control treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An exhaustive literature search, both manual and computer-assisted, was performed. Studies were selected on the basis of randomization procedure (VKA vs. a control group). At least one of the following outcome measures was to be evaluated: deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), death, major hemorrhage or wound hematoma. Four reviewers assessed each article to determine eligibility for inclusion and outcome measures. RESULTS: VKAs were more effective than placebo or no treatment in reducing DVT [567 patients, relative risk (RR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37, 0.84, P < 0.01] and clinical PE (651 patients, RR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.09, 0.59, P < 0.01). These results were obtained at the cost of a higher rate of wound hematoma (162 patients, RR = 2.91, 95% CI 1.09, 7.75, P = 0.03). VKAs were also more effective than intermittent pneumatic compression (534 patients, RR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.25, 0.82, P = 0.009) in preventing proximal DVT. In contrast, VKAs were less effective than LMWH in preventing total DVT and proximal DVT (9822 patients, RR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.27, 1.79, P < 0.001; and 6131 patients, RR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.04, 2.17, P = 0.028, respectively). The differences between VKA and LMWH in major hemorrhage and wound hematoma were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery, VKAs are less effective than LMWH, without any significant difference in the bleeding risk.