经皮介入治疗大动脉炎所致肺动脉狭窄

目的评估经皮介入治疗大动脉炎所致肺动脉狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法10例大动脉炎患者,年龄17～48（36．2±9．1）岁,均有肺动脉显著狭窄和中重度肺动脉高压。其中5例伴有主动脉及其主要分支的受累,5例系单纯性肺动脉受累。评估患者术后超声心动图、动脉血气分析和影像学检查的变化情况。结果10例患者的共13处病变成功行介入治疗,其中9处行单纯球囊扩张术,4处行支架置入术。术后肺动脉狭窄程度变轻、病变处血管直径变宽、肺动脉收缩压和平均压降低,均有极显著统计学差异（P〈0.001）。2例患者术中出现咯血,给予对症处理后症状完全缓解。术后随访5～34（20．4±10.）个月,肺动脉收缩压从（92.4±17.2）mmHg降至（62.7±14.5）mmHg,肺动脉平均压从（45．4±9.2）mmHg降至（27．1±8.3）mmHg,均有极显著统计学差异（P〈0.001）。术后随访动脉血氧饱和度从（92.3±3.）％升至（96.8±1.7,亦有极显著统计学差异（P〈0.001）。结论本研究表明,经皮介入治疗大动脉炎所致肺动脉狭窄安全有效,其远期疗效和再狭窄需进一步调查。     

Rectangular 3-snip punctoplasty versus punch punctoplasty with silicone intubation for acquired external punctal stenosis: a prospective randomized comparative study

Xuan Liao. Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 1 Mao Yuan Nan Road, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China. aleexand@163.com     

Comparison of minimally invasive fusion and instrumentation versus open surgery for severe stenotic spondylolisthesis with high-grade facet joint osteoarthritis

Purpose

The object of this study was to compare minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with open surgery in a severely affected subgroup of degenerative spondylolisthetic patients with severe stenosis (SDS) and high-grade facet osteoarthritis (FJO).

Methods

From January 2009 to February 2010, 49 patients with severe SDS and high-grade FJO were treated using either MIS or open TLIF. Intraoperative and diagnostic data, including perioperative complications and length of hospital stay (LOS), were collected, using retrospective chart review. Surgical short- and long-term outcomes were assessed according to the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain.

Results

Comparing MIS and open surgery, the MIS group had lesser blood loss, significantly lesser need for transfusion (p = 0.02), more rapid improvement of postoperative back pain in the first 6 weeks of follow-up and a shorter LOS. On the other hand, we experienced in the MIS group a longer operative time. The distribution on the postoperative ODI (p = 0.841), VAS leg (p = 0.943) and back pain (p = 0.735) scores after a mean follow-up of 2 years were similar. The overall proportion of complications showed no significant difference between the groups (29 % in the MIS group vs. 28 % in the open group, p = 0.999).

Conclusion

Minimally invasive surgery for severe SDS leads to adequate and safe decompression of lumbar stenosis and results in a faster recovery of symptoms and disability in the early postoperative period.     

Laminarthrectomy as a surgical approach for decompressing the spinal canal: assessment of preoperative versus postoperative dural sac cross-sectional areal (DSCSA)

Introduction

Surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is today the most frequently performed procedure in the adult lumbar spine. Long-term benefit of surgery for LSS is well documented both in randomized and in non-randomized trials. In this paper, we present the results from laminarthrectomy as an alternative surgical approach, which have theoretical advantages over other approaches. In this study, we wanted to study the clinical and radiological results of laminarthrectomy. Dural sac cross-sectional areal (DSCSA) is an objective method to quantify the degree of central stenosis in the spinal canal, and was used to measure whether we were able to achieve an adequate decompression of the spinal canal with laminarthrectomy as a surgical approach.

Materials and methods

All patients operated on with this approach consecutively in the period 1 January 2008 to 31 March 2009 were included in the study. All perioperative complications were noted. Clinical results were measured by means of a questionnaire. The patients that agreed to attend the study had an MRI taken of the operated level. DSCSA before and after surgery of the actual level were measured by three observers. We then performed a correlation test between increase of area and clinical results. We also tested for inter- and intra-observer reability.

Results

Fifty-six laminarthrectomy were performed. There were 17 % complications, none of them were life-threatening or disabling. 46 patients attended the study and answered the questionnaire. Thirty-four patients (83 %) reported clinical improvement, whereas six (13 %) patients reported no improvement, and two (4 %) patients reported that they were worse. Mean ODI was 23.0. Mean EQ-5D was 0.77. Mean VAS-score for back-pain was 3.1 and mean VAS-score for leg-pain was 2.8. Mean DSCSA were measured to 80 mm² before surgery and 161 mm² after surgery. That gave an increase of DSCSA of 81 mm² (101 %). We found a significant positive correlation between increase of area and clinical results. We also found consistent inter- and intra-observer reability.

Discussion

In this study, the clinical results of laminarthrectomy were good, and comparable with other reports for LSS. The rates of complications are also comparable with other reports in spinal surgery. A significant increase in the spinal canal diameter was achieved. Within the limitations a retrospective study gives, we conclude that laminarthrectomy seems to be a safe and effective surgical approach for significant decompressing the adult central spinal canal, and measurement of DSCSA, before and after surgery seems to be a good way to quantify the degree of decompression.     

Can decompression surgery relieve low back pain in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with degenerative lumbar scoliosis?

Introduction

Decompression with fusion is usually recommended in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) combined with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS). However, elderly patients with LSS and DLS often have other comorbidities, and surgical treatment must be both safe and effective. The aim of this study was to investigate whether decompression surgery alone alleviates low back pain (LBP) in patients with LSS and DLS, and to identify the predictors of postoperative residual LBP.

Materials and methods

A total of 75 patients (33 males and 42 females) with a mean age of 71.8 years (range 53–86 years) who underwent decompression surgery for LSS with DLS (Cobb angle ≥ 10°) and had a minimum follow-up period of 1 year, were retrospectively reviewed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system for the assessment of lumbar spinal diseases (JOA score). Radiographic measurements included coronal and sagittal Cobb angles, apical vertebral rotation (Nash-Moe method), and anteroposterior and lateral spondylolisthesis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the predictors of residual LBP after surgery.

Results

Forty-nine patients had preoperative LBP, of which 29 (59.1 %) experienced postoperative relief of LBP. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the degree of apical vertebral rotation on preoperative radiography was significantly associated with postoperative residual LBP (odds ratio, 8.16, 95 % confidence interval, 1.55–83.81, p = 0.011).

Conclusion

A higher degree of apical vertebral rotation may therefore be an indicator of mechanical LBP in patients with LSS and DLS. Decompression with fusion should be recommended in these patients.     

经肌间隙入路或后正中入路行腰椎融合术的效果及其对椎旁肌损伤的影响

【摘要】 目的：比较经后正中入路与经肌间隙入路行腰椎融合术的效果及其对椎旁肌损伤的影响程度。方法：选择2010年6月～2011年8月收治的行单节段腰椎融合术患者40例,根据手术入路不同分为肌间隙入路组（A组）和后正中入路组（B组）,每组20例。测量两组患者术前、术后24h外周血中肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）浓度,在肌肉暴露后即刻、术后（松开牵开器后）提取肌肉标本,测定组织内CK浓度,记录术中肌肉牵拉时长、手术时间、手术出血量、术后引流量,采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）评价术前、术后1个月及术后6个月腰痛及腿痛评分。术后进行1年以上的随访,观测椎间隙植骨融合情况。结果：两组患者全部完成术后1个月、6个月的定期随访,随访时间为14～25个月,平均18个月。末次随访时所有患者均达到骨性融合。A组与B组比较,术中出血量、术后引流量少（P<0.01）, 患者手术时间、术中肌肉牵拉时间无明显差异（P>0.05）。两组患者椎旁肌及外周血CK水平术前无明显差异（P>0.05）;术前与术后比较,均有显著性差异（P<0.01）;术后A组椎旁肌组织内CK降低幅度小于B组（P<0.05）, 术后外周血CK升高幅度A组与B组比较无明显差异（P>0.05）。两组患者腰痛及腿痛VAS评分术后1个月、6个月较术前比较均有显著性差异（P<0.01）,A组腰痛VAS评分术后1个月、6个月较术前缓解程度大于B组（P<0.01）,腿痛VAS评分术后1个月、6个月较术前缓解程度与B组比较无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：经肌间隙入路行腰椎融合术有着对椎旁肌损伤小、术中及术后出血少、术后恢复快的优点,较经后正中入路手术有着明显的优势。     

Correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin and carotid intima-media thickness in non-diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and carotid intima?media thickness (CIMT) in non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods Forty?two non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis adult patients were enrolled in this study [mean age was (48.2±12.3) years, 50% was male]. CIMT was determined by carotid ultrasound. Patients were divided into two groups according to CIMT: CIMT normal group (CIMT＜0.9 mm) and CIMT thickening group (CIMT≥0.9 mm). HbA1c, 2?hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) and other factors of the patients were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression. Results CIMT was correlated with age, 2hPBG, LDL?C, TG, TC, HbA1c in non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients (r＝0.355, 0.373, 0.416, 0.345, 0.351, 0.456, all P＜0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that HbA1c was the most powerful influence factor of CIMT（β＝0.459）. Conclusion HbA1c level is positively correlated with CIMT and may be a predictor of carotid atherosclerosis in non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients.     

改良腰椎板截骨回植治疗失稳性腰椎间盘突出症

目的：评价改良腰椎板截骨回植在失稳性腰椎间盘突出症中的疗效。方法：2009年3月至2011年8月对63例失稳性腰椎间盘突出症的患者行髓核摘除＋椎间融合＋椎弓根螺钉内固定＋改良腰椎板截骨回植手术,男33例,女30例;年龄22～68岁,平均48．4岁;病程3个月～13年,平均38．8个月。患者均有不同程度的腰腿疼痛,x线片、CT及MR检查诊断为失稳性腰椎间盘突出症。观测手术前后ODI和JOA评分、并发症发生率、影像学回植椎板愈合率及腰腿痛复发率。结果：62例患者切口I期愈合,1例11期愈合,无下肢深静脉血栓及椎间隙感染等并发症出现。61倒获1年或以上随访,平均随访时间33个月。术中神经损伤发生2例,硬膜囊损伤发生1例;术后1年回植椎板愈合58例：腰痛复发4例,腿痛复发1例。术后2周、6、12个月的ODI及JOA评分显著优于术前（P〈0．05）。结论：改良椎板截骨回植术治疗失稳性腰椎间盘突出症具有较低的术中神经硬膜囊损伤率和腰腿痛复发率、较高的椎板愈合率和较好的临床评分,是一种安全、有效的新方法,为临床失稳性腰椎间盘突出症手术开辟了一种新的术式。     

动态中和固定系统治疗腰椎退行性疾病的研究进展

动态固定技术治疗腰椎退行性疾病日益成为基础和临床研究的热点。动态中和固定系统(dynamic neutralization system,Dynesys)作为动态固定技术的一种,既能保持脊柱的活动能力,改善患者的临床症状,还在延缓邻近节段退变方面表现出一定的优势。Dynesys技术可作为腰椎融合之外治疗腰椎退行性疾病的另一最佳选择,主要适用于轻至中度的腰椎退变性疾病,但它缺乏保持和恢复腰椎前凸的机制需要患者主动伸展实现前凸。如何延长使用寿命、预防并发症发生等问题有待解决,其远期疗效及延缓邻近节段退变作用机制需进一步明确。