低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的 观察低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及对出凝血时间、凝血酶原时间、血小板的影响。方法 ６０例急性脑梗死患者,分为治疗组、对照组各３０例。治疗组采用低分子肝素静滴,对照组用低分子右旋糖酐治疗。结果 治疗组总有效率９３．３％,显效率６３．３％,明显优于对照组（７３．３％,４６．６％）。有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）;对出凝血时间、凝血酶原时间、血小板无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,无１例继发出血。结论 低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死是安全有效的。     

Spray-dried fucoidan microparticles for pulmonary delivery of antitubercular drugs

Pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 80% of cases and the delivery of antitubercular drugs into the lungs allows targeting the infected organ and, possibly, reducing systemic drug toxicity. This work aimed at using fucoidan as matrix of inhalable microparticles that associate two first-line antitubercular drugs, for an application in pulmonary tuberculosis therapy. Fucoidan is composed of fucose and sulphated sugar residues, moieties described as being recognised by surface receptors of alveolar macrophages, which host mycobacteria. Inhalable fucoidan microparticles loaded with antitubercular drugs were successfully produced with high association efficiencies of either isoniazid (95%) or rifabutin (81%). The microparticles evidenced no cytotoxicity on lung epithelial cells (A549). However, rifabutin-loaded microparticles showed a certain degree of toxicity on macrophage-like cells (THP-1) at the highest tested concentration (1?mg/mL). Furthermore, microparticles showed favourable aerodynamic properties for deep lung delivery (MMAD 2.0–3.8?µm) and, thus, show potential for an application as inhalable tuberculosis therapy.     

Exploiting biological activities of brown seaweed Ecklonia cava for potential industrial applications: a review

Seaweeds are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibres, proteins, polysaccharides and various functional polyphenols. Many researchers have focused on brown algae as a potential source of bioactive materials in the past few decades. Ecklonia cava is a brown seaweed that is abundant in the subtidal regions of Jeju Island in the Republic of Korea. This seaweed attracted extensive interest due to its multiple biological activities. E. cava has been identified as a potential producer of wide spectrum of natural substances such as carotenoids, fucoidans and phlorotannins showing different biological activities in vital industrial applications including pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and functional food. This review focuses on biological activities of the brown seaweed E. cava based on latest research results, including antioxidant, anticoagulative, antimicrobial, antihuman immunodeficiency virus, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimutagenic, antitumour and anticancer effects. The facts summarized here may provide novel insights into the functions of E. cava and its derivatives and potentially enable their use as functional ingredients in potential industrial applications.     

髋部骨折术后物理措施预防血栓形成的有效性分析

目的探讨髋部骨折围手术期物理措施预防血栓形成的有效性和安全性。方法把96例符合条件的患者分为A和B两组,A组术后应用物理措施预防血栓形成,B组术后应用低分子肝素钙预防血栓形成,通过对比两组深静脉和肺栓塞的发生率及出血性并发症的发生率,比较两组治疗措施的效果。结果 A组48例物理措施预防血栓形成的患者血栓形成的发生率为8.33%,出血性并发症的发生率为2.08%;B组48例应用低分子肝素钙血栓形成的发生率为6.25%,出血性并发症的发生率为4.17%。结论在髋关节骨折术后中单独应用物理措施预防血栓形成的效果并不比单独应用低分子肝素差。     

低分子肝素钙治疗肺心病并呼吸衰竭的临床价值研究

目的探讨肺源性心脏病(肺心病)并呼吸衰竭患者运用低分子肝素钙进行治疗的临床应用价值。方法72例肺心病并呼吸衰竭患者,应用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组36例。对照组患者采取常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组上采用低分子肝素钙治疗。对比两组患者治疗前后动脉血气指标[氧分压(PaO2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)及酸碱度(pH)值]及治疗效果。结果治疗前,两组患者的PaO2、PaCO2、pH值水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的PaO2(9.36±1.02)kPa明显高于对照组的(7.78±0.98)kPa,PaCO2(6.33±0.97)kPa明显低于对照组的(7.65±1.28)kPa,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者pH值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者总有效率为97.22%,显著高于对照组的83.33%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对肺心病并呼吸衰竭患者运用低分子肝素钙进行治疗,可有效改善患者的血气指标,提高治疗效果,具有较高的临床价值。     

海参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对巨噬细胞的调节作用及信号通路研究

目的研究海参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(SC-FUC)对巨噬细胞的调节作用及相关信号通路,探究其调节机体免疫的作用机制。方法噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测巨噬细胞的增殖情况;中性红法检测吞噬活性;Griess试剂法测定培养上清液中NO含量;RT-PCR检测巨噬细胞下游细胞因子IL-6、IL-10、Toll样受体和相关信号分子My D88、TRIF、NF-κB的mRNA表达量。结果 SC-FUC对巨噬细胞增殖、吞噬能力和NO分泌均有促进作用,在作用前期(6h和12h)效果更为明显。SC-FUC能上调细胞因子IL-6和IL-10的mRNA表达量,上调TLR4、TLR5、TLR9的表达量,促进信号分子My D88、TRIF和NF-κB的mRNA表达量。结论 SC-FUC能够激活巨噬细胞,促进其分泌NO、IL-6、IL-10等细胞因子,从而发挥免疫调节作用。SC-FUC激活巨噬细胞的信号通路与细胞表面TLR4、TLR5、TLR9及NF-κB通路相关。     

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯FV对大鼠的抗血栓作用研究

目的探讨岩藻聚糖硫酸酯FV对大鼠的抗血栓作用。方法将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、岩藻聚糖硫酸酯FV 20、10、5、2.5 mg/kg组和低分子肝素钙注射液(LMWHC)213 IU/kg组,每组各10只。分别在下腔静脉血栓模型、体外血栓模型和动静脉旁路血栓模型中研究FV的抗血栓作用,比较血栓干湿质量并计算血栓抑制率。结果 FV 20、10、5、2.5mg/kg能够显著降低大鼠下腔静脉血栓、体外形成的血栓、动静脉旁路中血栓的干湿质量,对血栓湿质量的抑制率最高可达97.4%、94.3%、51.2%,对血栓干质量的抑制率最高可达91.8%、96.6%、64.0%,有明显的抑制血栓形成作用。结论 FV能够抑制血栓形成,量效关系好,具有开发为抗血栓药的良好前景。     

褐藻糖胶促进小鼠巨噬细胞免疫活性及机制初探

目的 探讨褐藻糖胶(Fucoidan)对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7免疫活性的影响及初步探讨作用机制。方法 采用体外细胞培养方法,比色分析检测不同浓度Fucoidan(0、100、200、300、400、500 μg/mL)作用下RAW264.7吞噬中性红的能力,噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同浓度Fucoidan(0、50、250、500 μg/mL)作用下RAW264.7增殖,Western Blotting检测Fucoidan诱导的RAW264.7的MAPK/ERK1/2的磷酸化。结果 Fucoidan剂量依赖性地促进RAW264.7吞噬功能和增殖功能。200 μg/mL Fucoidan作用10min即使ERK1/2发生磷酸化,30min时ERK1/2磷酸化达到最大值。结论 Fucoidan可提高小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬活性和增殖能力,其机制可能与Fucoidan直接激活RAW264.7的MAPK/ERK1/2信号转导通路有关。     

Assessment of immunotoxicity induced by chemicals in human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS)

Occupational asthma can be induced by a number of chemicals at the workplace. Risk assessment of potential sensitizers is mostly performed in animal experiments. With increasing public demand for alternative methods, human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) have been developed as an ex vivo model.Human PCLS were exposed to increasing concentrations of 20 industrial chemicals including 4 respiratory allergens, 11 contact allergens, and 5 non-sensitizing irritants. Local respiratory irritation was characterized and expressed as 75% (EC₂₅) and 50% (EC₅₀) cell viability with respect to controls. Dose–response curves of all chemicals except for phenol were generated. Local respiratory inflammation was quantified by measuring the production of cytokines and chemokines. TNF-α and IL-1α were increased significantly in human PCLS after exposure to the respiratory sensitizers trimellitic anhydride (TMA) and ammonium hexachloroplatinate (HClPt) at subtoxic concentrations, while contact sensitizers and non-sensitizing irritants failed to induce the release of these cytokines to the same extent. Interestingly, significant increases in T_H1/T_H2 cytokines could be detected only after exposure to HClPt at a subtoxic concentration.In conclusion, allergen-induced cytokines were observed but not considered as biomarkers for the differentiation between respiratory and contact sensitizers. Our preliminary results show an ex vivo model which might be used for prediction of chemical-induced toxicity, but is due to its complex three-dimensional structure not applicable for a simple screening of functional and behavior changes of certain cell populations such as dendritic cells and T-cells in response to allergens.     

HILIC-ELSD法测定岩藻聚糖硫酸酯中岩藻糖

目的 建立一种简便、高效、准确的测定岩藻聚糖硫酸酯中岩藻糖的方法。方法 采用超声处理(300 W 100%,20 ℃,20 min);三氟乙酸(4 mol/mL)水解(110 ℃、2 h);亲水作用色谱-蒸发光检测(HILIC-ELSD)法检测,Waters XBridge^TM Amide(150 mm×4.6 mm,3.5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水-氨水(90:10:0.2),体积流量1 mL/min,柱温60 ℃。结果 岩藻糖的线性范围为0.100 4~1.004 mg/mL(r=0.999 4),平均加样回收率95.22%(n=6,RSD=1.16%)。结论 该方法简便、快速、准确,为岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的定量分析和质量评价研究提供了依据。