Histotype-based prognostic classification of gastric cancer

AIM: To test the efficiency of a recently proposed histotype-based grading system in a consecutive series of gastric cancers.METHODS: Two hundred advanced gastric cancers operated upon in 1980-1987 and followed for a median 159 mo were investigated on hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections to identify low-grade [muconodular, well differentiated tubular, diffuse desmoplastic and high lymphoid response (HLR)], high-grade (anaplastic and mucinous invasive) and intermediate-grade (ordinary cohesive, diffuse and mucinous) cancers, in parallel with a previously investigated series of 292 cases. In addition, immunohistochemical analyses for CD8, CD11 and HLA-DR antigens, pancytokeratin and podoplanin, as well as immunohistochemical and molecular tests for microsatellite DNA instability and in situ hybridization for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBER1 gene were performed. Patient survival was assessed with death rates per 100 person-years and with Kaplan-Meier or Cox model estimates.RESULTS: Collectively, the four low-grade histotypes accounted for 22% and the two high-grade histotypes for 7% of the consecutive cancers investigated, while the remaining 71% of cases were intermediate-grade cancers, with highly significant, stage-independent, survival differences among the three tumor grades (P = 0.004 for grade 1 vs 2 and P = 0.0019 for grade 2 vs grade 3), thus confirming the results in the original series. A combined analysis of 492 cases showed an improved prognostic value of histotype-based grading compared with the Lauren classification. In addition, it allowed better characterization of rare histotypes, particularly the three subsets of prognostically different mucinous neoplasms, of which 10 ordinary mucinous cancers showed stage-inclusive survival worse than that of 20 muconodular (P = 0.037) and better than that of 21 high-grade (P < 0.001) cases. Tumors with high-level microsatellite DNA instability (MSI-H) or EBV infection, together with a third subset negative for both conditions, formed the T8 cell-rich HLR group, the largest group among low-grade histotypes. Coexisting HLR proved to be a factor in improved prognosis in tumors with microsatellite instability (P = 0.0015 vs HLR-/MSI-H tumors) or DR type human leukocyte antigen expression (P = 0.033 vs HLR^-/HLA-DR⁺ tumors).CONCLUSION: Identification of low- and high-grade histotypes can improve the prognostic assessment of a substantial proportion of gastric cancers in routine diagnostic practice.     

幕上低级星形细胞瘤术后生存分析

目的 探讨临床及影像学因素与幕上低级星形细胞瘤术后生存时间的关系,了解其对手术疗效的影响。方法 采用单因素Log Rank检验分析性别、年龄等13项临床及影像学因素与幕上低级星形细胞瘤术后生存时间的关系。结果 单因素Log Rank检验分析表明,瘤周脑水肿、肿瘤侵润脑叶的范围、手术切除肿瘤的程度、术前有无脑疝、KPS评分5项因素与术后生存时间相关,对手术疗效有影响。结论 术前支持治疗,提高患者的KPS评分,在不增加新的神经功能缺失的情况下尽量将肿瘤全切或次全切除,甚至将瘤周的水肿组织一并切除是延长低级星形细胞瘤术后生存时间的主要临床因素,是提高疗效的主要手段。     

腹腔镜保留十二指肠胰头切除术的应用价值

目的:探讨腹腔镜保留十二指肠胰头切除术（LDPPHR）的应用价值。方法:采用回顾性描述性研究方法。收集2016年11月至2020年11月河北医科大学第二医院收治的25例行LDPPHR病人的临床病理资料;男7例,女18例;中位年龄为29岁,年龄范围为14~66岁。25例病人均施行LDPPHR。观察指标：（1）手术情况。（...     

Pathogenesis of histologic variations of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms

BackgroundIn order for peritoneal metastases from a primary appendiceal mucinous neoplasm to occur, the wall of the appendix must perforate to allow mucus with tumor cells access to the peritoneal spaces. With progression the peritoneal metastases show a broad spectrum of tumor biology varying from indolent to aggressive activity.MethodsThe histopathology of peritoneal tumor masses was determined from the clinical material resected at the time of cytoreductive surgery (CRS). All groups of patients were treated by a uniform strategy that involved complete CRS and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Overall survival was determined.ResultsFrom a database of 685 patients, four histologic subtypes were identified and long-term survival determined. Four hundred and fifty patients (66.0%) had low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN), 37 patients (5.4%) had mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma of intermediate subtype (MACA-Int), 159 patients (23.2%) had mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma (MACA), and 39 patients (5.4%) had a mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma with positive lymph nodes (MACA-LN). The mean survival of the four groups was 24.5, 14.8, 11.2 and 7.4 years, respectively (p < 0.0001). These four subtypes of mucinous appendiceal neoplasms were shown to have distinct survival estimates.ConclusionsThe estimated survival of these four histologic subtypes in patients having a complete CRS plus HIPEC is of value to the oncologist managing these patients. A mutations and perforations hypothesis was offered in an attempt to explain the broad spectrum of mucinous appendiceal neoplasms that exist. Inclusion of MACA-Int and MACA-LN as standalone subtypes was thought to be necessary.     

Hemorrhagic presentation of previously silent brain tumors

Introduction and objectivesAcute presentation with intracranial hemorrhage owing to a previously silent brain tumor (BT) is rare. Although any BT can bleed, the frequency and type of bleeding varies across tumor types.Materials and methodsWe aimed to retrospectively review our experience with 55 patients with BTs presenting with ICH.ResultsSigns of increased intracranial pressure were the most common symptoms. The temporal lobe was the most common lesion site (n = 22). Hemorrhages were mainly confined to the tumor margins (HCTs) (n = 34). Extensive intraparenchymal hemorrhages (EIHs) were mainly associated with moderately/severely decreased levels of consciousness (LOCs) (n = 15/16). High-grade glioma (HGGT) (n = 25) was the leading pathological diagnosis followed by metastasis (MBT) (n = 16/55). The hemorrhage type was associated with the pathological diagnosis of the tumor. Patients with HGGT (n = 19/25) and MBT (n = 9/16) mainly presented with HCTs, whereas low-grade gliomas (LGGT) primarily caused EIHs (n = 6/7).ConclusionsHemorrhagic presentation is a rare occurrence in BTs. Among all, MBT and HGGT are responsible for majority of the cases. Importantly, despite their relatively benign characteristics, LGGTs mainly result in extensive parenchymal destruction once they bleed. Maximum surgical resection of hemorrhagic BTs and decompression of the affected brain regions followed by histological confirmation of the diagnosis should be the main goals of treatment in cases with hemorrhagic BTs.     

HBV相关肝硬化结节演变的多模态MRI研究

目的:通过与病理结果进行对照分析,总结肝硬化再生结节多步演变的多模态MRI影像特征,探讨肝硬化再生结节的早期诊断及鉴别诊断价值.方法:搜集乙肝肝硬化患者50例(85个结节),回顾性分析其MRI平扫及增强扫描资料,对病理证实的多步演变结果与对应的MRI影像表现进行对照研究.结果:MRI检出82个结节,检出率为96.5％,T2 WI和动态增强扫描是检测再生结节较敏感的序列,检出率分别为93.9％和96.3％,磁敏感成像(SWI)的检出率稍低(69.5％);再生结节(RN)与低级不典型增生结节(LGDN)(x2=8.348,P=0.004)、高级不典型增生结节(HGDN)与肝细胞癌(HCC)(x2=4.612,P=0.032)的MRI诊断符合率差异均有统计学意义.T1WI图像上LGDN的信噪比(SNR)值与RN、HGDN、HCC比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);T2 WI图像上HCC的SNR值与RN、LGDN、HGDN比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论:MRI是目前检测肝硬化结节最敏感的无创性检查方法,通过MRI与病理的对照分析,多模态序列从不同角度反映了肝硬化再生结节的影像学特征及演变规律,对肝硬化再生结节的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定价值.     

To fuse or not to fuse: The elderly patient with lumbar stenosis and low-grade spondylolisthesis. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

BackgroundThe optimum surgical intervention for elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and low-grade degenerative-spondylolisthesis (LGDS) has been extensively debated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled-trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of decompression-alone against the gold-standard approach of decompression-with-fusion (D + F) in elderly patients with LSS and LGDS.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed on published databases from inception to October-2021. English-language RCTs of elderly patients (mean age over-65) with LSS and LGDS, who had undergone DA or D + F were included. The quality and weight of evidence was assessed, and a meta-analysis performed.ResultsSix RCTs (n = 531; mean age: 66.2 years; 57.8% female) were included. There was no difference in visual-analogue-scale (VAS) scores of back-pain (BP) or leg-pain (LP) at mean follow-up of 27.4 months between both DA and D + F groups (BP: mean-difference (MD)0.24, 95%CI: ?0.38–0.85; LP MD:0.39, 95%CI: ?0.34–1.11). No difference in disability, measured by Oswestry-Disability-Index scores, was found between both groups (MD:0.50, 95%CI: ?3.31–4.31). However, patients in DA group had less hospital complications and fewer adverse events (total-surgical-complications OR:0.57, 95%CI: 0.36–0.90), despite a higher rate of worsening DS (OR:3.49, 95%CI: 1.05–11.65). No difference in BP or LP was found in subgroup-analysis of open-laminectomy compared to posterolateral-fusion (PLF) (BP: MD: ?0.24, 95%CI: ?1.80–1.32; LP MD:0.80, 95%CI: ?0.95–2.55).ConclusionsDA is not inferior to D + F in elderly patients with LSS and LGDS. DA carries a lower risk of hospital complications and fewer adverse events, however, surgeons should weigh these findings with the increased risk of DS progressing post-operatively.     

基于“阴火”理论试析动脉粥样硬化炎症机制的中医内涵＊

动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性低度炎症反应，这种炎症以气虚为基础，火热为重要致病因素，气虚之火即李东垣所说的“阴火”。因此，本研究以慢性低度炎症为切入点，探讨阴火的基本证候要素与动脉粥样硬化炎症机制的关系，气虚是动脉粥样硬化低度炎症发生的基础，火热是动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的关键，气虚又是动脉粥样硬化火热之邪形成和缠绵难愈的重要基础，甘温除热法可能是防治动脉粥样硬化的新途径。并结合自噬相关研究，探讨了气虚之火与自噬功能异常引起的免疫炎症级联反应之间的关联性，进一步对甘温除热法的可能物质靶标展开分析。