Spontaneous regression of residual low-grade cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas in children

Background: Cerebellar low-grade astrocytomas (CLGAs) of childhood are benign tumours and are usually curable by surgical resection alone or combined with adjuvant radiotherapy. Objective: To undertake a retrospective study of our children with CLGA to determine the optimum schedule for surveillance imaging following initial surgery. In this report we describe the phenomenon of spontaneous regression of residual tumour and discuss its prognostic significance regarding future imaging. Materials and methods: A retrospective review was conducted of children treated for histologically proven CLGA at Great Ormond Street Hospital from 1988 to 1998. Results: Of 83 children with CLGA identified, 13 (15.7%) had incomplete resections. Two children with large residual tumours associated with persistent symptoms underwent additional treatment. Eleven children were followed by surveillance imaging alone for a mean of 6.83 years (range 2–13.25 years). Spontaneous tumour regression was seen in 5 (45.5%) of the 11 children. There were no differences in age, gender, symptomatology, histological grade or Ki-67 fractions between those with spontaneous tumour regression and those with progression. There was a non-significant trend that larger volume residual tumours progressed. Conclusions: Residual tumour followed by surveillance imaging may either regress or progress. For children with residual disease we recommend surveillance imaging every 6 months for the first 2 years, every year for years 3, 4 and 5, then every second year if residual tumour is still present 5 years after initial surgery. This would detect not only progressive or recurrent disease, but also spontaneous regression which can occur later than disease progression.     

Proton MRS imaging in the follow-up of patients with suspected low-grade gliomas

We compared the value of changes in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (¹H-MRSI) with changes in clinical status and/or contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the monitoring of patients with suspected low-grade glioma (LGG). From June 1, 1999 till May 31, 2002, we included consecutive, neurologically intact adult patients suspected of having an LGG, demonstrating non-enhancing supratentorial lesions without edema or mass effect on MRI, and in whom all treatment (including a diagnostic biopsy) was deferred. Till January 1, 2003, patients were surveyed clinically and radiologically (contrast-enhanced MRI and ¹H-MRSI). Patients who showed progression on clinical examination and/or MRI were denoted as progressive disease. Other patients were denoted as stable disease. A decrease in NAA/CHO ratio of 20% compared to the baseline value was considered as indicative for progression on ¹H-MRSI. We included 14 patients with suspected LGG. Seven patients demonstrated progressive disease during the follow-up period, preceded or accompanied by concomitant ¹H-MRSI changes in five patients. Four of these five patients were operated on within the follow-up interval. The histological diagnosis demonstrated high-grade glioma in three and LGG in one patient. In the other two patients with progressive disease, no progression was found on ¹H-MRSI. The other seven patients demonstrated stable disease, but four of them showed progression on ¹H-MRSI. Our data do not show convincing evidence that ¹H-MRSI contributes to adequate monitoring and follow-up of patients with suspected LGG. Future research should preferably include pathological data at the time of ¹H-MRSI changes.     

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma recurring with multiple bone and lung metastases: report of a case

BACKGROUND: Approximately 50% of patients with low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) develop recurrent disease, mainly in lung or pelvis. Bone metastasis of low-grade ESS is an extremely rare phenomenon. CASE: A 63-year-old Japanese female developed multiple bone and lung metastases 18 years after initial treatment for low-grade ESS. Bone scintigram showed a high uptake area at thoracic spine (Th6, Th8-9 and Th12), right 9th rib, iliac bone, and sacrum. Radiation therapy with Liniac of 4500cGy to the Th6 vertebra and Liniac of 4200cGy to sacrum was performed for the palliation of the pain. Radiotherapy was effective for the pain relief, although the size of recurrent tumor was unchanged. CONCLUSION: This is the first detailed reported case of multiple bone recurrence in a patient with low-grade ESS. The long-term follow-up after treatment is recommended.     

低级别宫颈上皮内瘤变LEEP锥切术与期待治疗的效果观察

目的:比较LEEP锥切术和药物期待治疗低级别宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床效果,分析病变进展危险因素,探讨CINⅠ的最佳治疗方式,防止病情进展。方法:选取160例CINⅠ患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用LEEP锥切术治疗,对照组采用药物期待治疗,比较两组病变转归及HR-HPV阳性转阴情况,分析病情进展危险因素。结果:观察组进展率为2.4%(2/82),持续率8.5%(7/82),逆转率89.1%(73/82);对照组进展率2.6%(2/78),持续率12.8%(10/78),逆转率84.6%(66/78),两组逆转率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组随访期间HR-HPV持续阳性38.0%(19/50),转阴率62.0%(31/50);对照组HR-HPV持续阳性30.2%(13/40),转阴69.8%(30/40),两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);持续HR-HPV阳性是CINⅠ病变转归独立危险因素。结论:采用期待治疗低级别宫颈上皮内瘤变安全有效,对于持续HR-HPV阳性患者应密切随访观察,防止病变进展。     

Central and peripheral body fat distribution: Different associations with low-grade inflammation in young adults?

Background and aimsEvidence regarding the impact of regional body fat distribution on low-grade inflammation is limited. The current study examined the association of central and peripheral body fat distribution and low-grade inflammation levels in young adults, considering collinearity between variables.Methods and resultsA cross-sectional analysis of 809 adults (aged 27 years) was conducted as part of the EPITeen cohort, Porto, Portugal. Regional body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured in a fasting blood sample. OLS (ordinary least squares) and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression models were fitted to estimate the association of trunk and peripheral fat with hsCRP, stratified by sex. Using OLS regression, trunk fat in females was positively associated with ln(hsCRP) (β₁ = 0.064, 95% CI 0.018; 0.109). The effect of peripheral fat on ln(hsCRP) was shown not to be significantly different from trunk fat (β₂ = −0.011, 95% CI −0.110; 0.089), but no statistically significant association was observed (β₃ = 0.053, 95% CI −0.004; 0.110) between peripheral fat and ln(hsCRP). In males, trunk fat also showed a positive association with ln(hsCRP) (β₁ = 0.104, 95% CI 0.055; 0.154), and the effect of peripheral fat on ln(hsCRP) was shown to be significantly different from trunk fat (β₂ = −0.124, 95% CI −0.237;−0.011). However, the association between peripheral fat and ln(hsCRP) did not reach statistical significance (β₃ = −0.020, 95% CI −0.086; 0.046). The results of OLS were confirmed by LASSO regression.ConclusionA higher fat deposited in the trunk was positively associated with hsCRP, whereas no statistically significant effect was observed for peripheral fat.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗意外发现的低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤一例体会

回顾总结1例经2次经脐单孔腹腔镜手术（transumbilical laparoendoscople single-site surgery,TULESS）治疗意外发现低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤（low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma,LG-ESS）的病例资料。患者初次手术术前诊断子宫肌瘤,通过行TU-LESS将子宫肌瘤剥除装袋冷刀旋切取出,术后病理确诊为LG-ESS,30 d后再次行TU-LESS全面分期手术见腹膜少许种植,术后给予孕激素治疗,随访20个月查肿瘤标志物正常,脐部切口及阴道断端愈合好。TU-LESS具有疼痛轻、伤口美观、术后恢复快等特点,最重要的是可安全有效取出肌瘤标本,避免了使用电动旋切器造成的肉瘤全腹广泛播散。但术中仍需警惕肌瘤剥除过程中肿瘤组织飞溅发生的腹膜种植,各操作环节均应注意严格遵循无瘤原则。     

A multi-institutional review of outcomes of endometrial stromal sarcoma

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical behavior and outcomes of low- and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (LGESS and HGESS), respectively. METHODS: Patients with endometrial stromal sarcoma from five different institutions were identified and reviewed for clinicopathologic variables, surgical management and outcomes. Statistical calculations including Chi-square, t-test and survival using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log rank test were performed. RESULTS: One hundred and five patients were identified with 72 having LGESS, 31 with HGESS and 2 having unclassified tumors. The mean age was 50 years for patients with LGESS and 64 years for those with HGESS (p<0.0001). In patients with LGESS, 68% (49 patients) had disease confined to the uterine corpus or cervix compared to 39% (12 patients) in HGESS (p=0.002). The median overall survival was 53 months for HGESS and had not yet been reached in LGESS with 87.8% alive at 80 months (p<0.0001). In HGESS patients with extrauterine disease, the presence of residual disease greater than 2 cm had a significant effect on median survival. Median survival was 52 months for those who underwent optimal cytoreduction versus 2 months for those with suboptimal residual disease (p=0.007). The impact of cytoreduction was not seen in LGESS patients with extrauterine disease with 82.1% alive at 78 months. CONCLUSIONS: Low-grade and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas represent two distinct clinical entities and should be treated as such. Survival in patients with high-grade tumors appears to be related to amount of residual disease at the completion of initial surgery and would suggest the need for aggressive cytoreduction. The role of surgical staging and optimal adjuvant therapy remains unclear.     

功能区低级别胶质瘤患者生存影响因素分析

目的 探讨功能区低级别胶质瘤（LGGs）患者生存影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2015年6月安徽医科大学第一附属医院神经外科新诊断的62例功能区LGGs患者的临床资料,统计分析患者生存影响因素。结果 单因素分析发现年龄＜40岁、术前KPS≥70分、肿瘤全切、少突胶质细胞瘤、术后进行联合放化疗的功能区LGGs患者无进展生存期（PFS）和总生存期（OS）优于年龄≥40岁、术前KPS＜70分、非全切、星形细胞瘤或混合性少突-星形细胞瘤、术后不放化疗或单独放疗/化疗患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;多因素分析示年龄、术前KPS评分、手术切除程度、病理类型是影响生存的独立因素（P＜0.05）。结论 年龄较轻、术前高KPS评分及含有少突胶质细胞成分的功能区LGGs患者预后较佳,手术全切及术后放化疗能延长患者生存期。     

高危型HPV感染状态下阴道微环境因子联合检测对低度宫颈上皮内瘤变诊断的优化模式研究

目的 探讨高危型HPV（HR-HPV）感染状态下阴道微环境因子联合检测对低度宫颈上皮内瘤变（CINⅠ）的诊断价值,并确定最优检测组合模式。方法 从课题组前期建立的社区队列中选取正常宫颈（NC）女性623人和CINⅠ患者303人作为研究对象,应用需氧菌性阴道炎/细菌性阴道病联合检测方法检测阴道微环境因子,采用导流杂交法进行HPV分型检测。采用SAS 9.2及SPSS 23.0软件进行资料分析。结果 在经主成分分析获得阴道清洁度、pH值、唾液酸苷酶和白细胞酯酶为阴道微环境主要代表性因子的基础上,对以上4种因子基于logistic回归原理进行受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）分析,结果显示,单项检测灵敏度以pH值最高（76.2%）,特异度以唾液酸苷酶最高（90.9%）,联合检测以唾液酸苷酶+白细胞酯酶、pH值+唾液酸苷酶+白细胞酯酶、阴道清洁度+唾液酸苷酶+白细胞酯酶和pH值+阴道清洁度+唾液酸苷酶+白细胞酯酶4种组合的ROC曲线下的面积较高,分别为0.714、0.719、0.713和0.709。进一步结合HR-HPV感染状况,通过逼近理想排序法对4种组合模式的诊断效果进行优化分析后显示,HR-HPV阳性组以pH值+唾液酸苷酶+白细胞酯酶的联合检测最佳（C_i=0.585）,而HR-HPV阴性组则为阴道清洁度+唾液酸苷酶+白细胞酯酶（C_i=0.641）。结论 阴道微环境因子的联合检测可用于CIN Ⅰ的辅助诊断,pH值、唾液酸苷酶、白细胞酯酶联合检测对HR-HPV阳性女性CIN Ⅰ的诊断价值较大,而阴道清洁度、唾液酸苷酶和白细胞酯酶的联合检测对HR-HPV阴性的CIN Ⅰ诊断意义更大。