重组人生长激素对高龄妇女不同超促排卵方案IVF—ET结局的影响

目的观察高龄妇女（≥35岁）患者不同促排卵方案体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）治疗周期中添加重组人生长激素（GH）辅助超排卵的临床应用效果。方法对2010年1月至2012年12月在我中心行微量长方案及长方案促排卵的IVF—ET高龄患者,随机分为两组,其中研究组加用GH,对照组未用GH,两组患者启动剂量均为福特蒙300U,分析两组获卯数、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）日内膜厚度、HCG日内膜形态、受精率、卵裂率、优胚率及妊娠率的差异。结果两种促排卵方案中研究组与对照组相比较受精率均明显增高,有显著差异（P〈0．05）,妊娠率有增高趋势,但无显著差异,其中长方案促排卯研究组优质胚胎率较对照组明显升高,微量长方案促排卵研究组优质胚胎率无此趋势,两种促排卵方案中研究组与对照组中获卯率、卵裂率、HCG日内膜厚度、HCG日内膜形态、优质胚胎率均无明显差异。结论对高龄患者行IVF—ET治疗中使用GH可以显著提高受精率,并有增加优质胚胎率及妊娠率的趋势;针对不同年龄或卵巢功能状态,个体化调整GH剂量可能更可行。     

Use of vertebroplasty to prevent proximal junctional fractures in adult deformity surgery: a biomechanical cadaveric study

Background contextVertebral compression fractures at the proximal junction are common complications of long spinal fusion surgeries that can contribute to the development of proximal junctional kyphosis or proximal junctional failure. To our knowledge, no biomechanical studies have addressed the effect of vertebral augmentation at the proximal junction.PurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic vertebroplasty in reducing the incidence of vertebral compression fractures at the proximal junction after a long spinal fusion in a cadaveric spine model.Study designBiomechanical cadaveric study.MethodsWe divided 18 cadaveric spine specimens into three groups of six spines each: a control group, a group treated with one-level prophylactic vertebroplasty at the upper instrumented vertebra, and a group treated with two-level prophylactic vertebroplasty at the upper instrumented vertebra and the supra-adjacent vertebra. In all spines, the pedicles were instrumented from L5 to T10. Using eccentric axial loading, the specimens were then compressed until failure. Failure was defined as a precipitous decrease in load with increasing compression. The effect of augmentation on load-to-failure was checked using linear regression. The effect of augmentation on incidence of adjacent fractures was checked using logistic regression. Differences at the level of p<.05 were considered significant. KyphX cement introducer was donated by Kyphon, and the pedicle screws were donated by DePuy.ResultsFractures occurred in 12 of 18 specimens: five in the control group, six in the one-level group, and only one in the two-level group; these differences were statistically significant.ConclusionsProphylactic vertebroplasty at the upper instrumented level and its supra-adjacent vertebra reduced the incidence of junctional fractures after long posterior spinal instrumentation in this axially loaded cadaveric model. Additional studies are necessary to determine if these results are translatable to clinical practice.     

牛津单髁膝关节置换：长期结果

牛津膝置换是使用最广泛的膝关节单髁置换（UKR）。牛津膝在37年前开始应用,拥有一个全匹配的活动衬垫,因而磨损率非常低。牛津膝最主要的使用指征是膝关节前内侧骨关节炎,这种病人至少占所有需要行膝关节置换术患者的50％。由于这一系统的设计特点,传统UKR的反指征,如年龄、活动量、肥胖、髌股关节损害和软骨钙质沉着症等对于牛津膝均不是反指征。与全膝关节置换（TKR）相比,牛津膝提供更快的康复、更好的功能、更大的活动度和更好的术后满意度,发生并发症更少、程度更轻,病残率和死亡率更低。一个持续超过30年的研究显示在90％的病例中,牛津膝为患者终生提供了优或良的临床结果,且不需要翻修。在最近15年,牛津膝通过微创手术入路植入,涉及6000多例使用该入路牛津膝置换的9个研究报道显示,10年生存率约95％。在许多这样的研究中,医生们在拟行膝关节置换的患者中约50％使用了牛津单髁膝置换。     

Long and short passives in Catalan and Spanish

Background: Poor comprehension of verbal passives in agrammatism is well attested; however, short passives have been seldom investigated, only for some Germanic languages.

Aims: Here we investigate long and short passives in two Romance languages, Catalan and Spanish and, consider the implications of our results for our understanding of comprehension deficits in Broca’s aphasia and for the theoretical construal of passive sentences. We test the hypothesis that long and short passives are equally misunderstood because their underlying structures are more similar than their surface form may indicate.

Methods: To that effect, we designed a truth-value judgement task and tested fourteen patients with Broca’s aphasia, seven speakers per language.

Results: We show that long and short passives are equally miscomprehended, consistently across the two languages and speakers: patients performed at chance with both types of passives, while they performed above chance with active sentences.

Conclusion: The results for Romance are in line with those previously found for English (the only formerly investigated Germanic language with the same word order as Spanish and Catalan). The indistinguishable performance with long and short passives provides an argument to be added to those in the linguistic literature for the analysis of short passives as involving a covert external argument. It also provides an argument for structural accounts over processing accounts of the comprehension deficit of Broca’s aphasia.     

Does prenatal nicotine exposure alter the brain's response to nicotine in adolescence? A neuroanatomical analysis

This study examined changes in dendritic morphology and spine density in multiple brain regions [Zilles' areas: (i) the Cg3 region of the anterior cingulate cortex or the medial prefrontal cortex, layer III (Cg3); (ii) the dorsal agranular insular cortex, layer III (AID); (iii) the PAR I region of the parietal cortex, layer III (Par1) and (iv) the nucleus accumbens (NAc)]of Long–Evans rats following exposure to nicotine prenatally, in late adolescence, or both prenatally and in adolescence. Prenatal nicotine exposure induced enduring changes in neuroanatomical organisation that varied between male and female offspring, with males exhibiting increased dendritic complexity of neurons in AID and NAc whereas females experienced increased dendritic complexity in Par1 but decreased dendritic complexity of neurons in NAc. Similarly, nicotine given in late adolescence dramatically reorganised neural circuitry of both male and female offspring, with males exhibiting decreased dendritic complexity of neurons in Par1 and Cg3 but increased dendritic complexity in AID, and females exhibiting decreased dendritic complexity in Cg3 and NAc but increased complexity in AID. Exposure to nicotine both prenatally and in adolescence produced few neuroanatomical parameters that demonstrated a prenatal experience × adolescent drug administration interaction. Females showed additive effects in Par1, Cg3 and NAc whereas males demonstrated additive effects only in AID. Thus, the timing of nicotine exposure produced differential effects on cerebral organisation in a regionally specific manner.     

脑脊液外泌体lncRNA SOCS2-AS1预测脑胶质瘤复发的价值

目的 探讨脑脊液lncRNA SOCS2-AS1预测脑胶质瘤术后复发的价值。方法 选取2017年1月至2018年1月手术治疗的脑胶质瘤84例（高级别胶质瘤46例,低级别胶质瘤38例）,另选取将康体检者30例为对照,腰椎穿刺术取脑脊液并分离外泌体,用RT-PCR检测外泌体lncRNA SOCS2-AS1水平。以lncRNA SOCS2-AS1相对表达量中位数为截断值,将胶质瘤分为高表达组和低表达组。结果 胶质瘤脑脊液外泌体lncRNA SOCS2-AS1相对表达量明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,而且高级别胶质瘤脑脊液lncRNA SOCS2-AS1相对表达量明显高于低级别胶质瘤（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,脑脊液外泌体lncRNA SOCS2-AS1高表达是脑胶质瘤术后复发的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,脑脊液外泌体lncRNA SOCS2-AS1高表达预测脑胶质瘤术后复发的曲线下面积为0.917,灵敏度为85.78%,特异度为93.10%。结论 脑胶质瘤病人脑脊液外泌体lncRNA SOCS2-AS1表达水平升高;脑脊液外泌体lncRNA SOCS2-AS1高表达对脑胶质瘤术后复发有较高的的预测价值。     

长链非编码RNA 在胰腺癌中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNAs)是一类转录本长度超过200nt、不具备蛋白编码功能的RNA分子。LncRNAs能够在表观遗传、基因转录水平以及转录后水平等不同层面发挥作用。此外,新近发现的微小RNA、环状RNA等可与lnc RNAs交互作用,参与恶性肿瘤的发生与发展过程。近年来,研究发现大量的lncRNAs异常表达于胰腺癌组织和细胞中,在胰腺癌的发生发展中也起着重要作用。因此,笔者就多种异常表达的lncRNAs在胰腺癌中的作用及机制进行综述。     

lncRNA在血管疾病中的作用机制研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度200个核苷酸的非编码RNA,他们可以在表观遗传、转录和翻译水平上调节基因的表达,并协调和整合多种信号通路参与细胞的分化、增殖、稳态和器官发育。研究表明,lncRNA可能通过调节血管平滑肌细胞、内皮细胞的增殖、迁移、凋亡等,从而对预防和减少血管系统疾病的发生起到作用。笔者就lncRNA与血管疾病关系及机制研究进展予以综述。     

长脉冲可调脉宽 Gentle-YAG激光治疗血管性皮肤病疗效分析

目的:探讨长脉冲可调脉宽激光技术治疗蜘蛛痣、鲜红斑痣、毛细血管瘤、化脓性肉芽肿、毛细血管扩张症等血管性疾病的疗效及安全性。方法:选取2011年2月至2016年4月本院收治的146例蜘蛛痣患者、45例鲜红斑痣患者、398例单纯性毛细血管瘤患者、106例混合型血管瘤患者、95例化脓性肉芽肿患者及54例毛细血管扩张症患者作为研究对象,所有患者均接受长脉冲可调脉宽激光治疗。结果:1蜘蛛痣、鲜红斑痣、单纯性毛细血管瘤、混合型血管瘤、化脓性肉芽肿、毛细血管扩张症的治疗有效率分别为100.0%、82.2%、100.0%、87.7%、100.0%、100.0%。经疗效评价,6组患者疗效相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),蜘蛛痣组、单纯性毛细血管瘤组、化脓性肉芽肿组患者的疗效均显著优于鲜红斑痣组、混合型血管瘤组、毛细血管扩张症组(P<0.05),毛细血管扩张症组的疗效显著优于鲜红斑痣组、混合型血管瘤组(P<0.05),混合型血管瘤组的疗效显著优于鲜红斑痣组(P<0.05),蜘蛛痣组、单纯性毛细血管瘤组、化脓性肉芽肿组患者治疗效果相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。26组患者萎缩性瘢痕、色素减退、色素沉着等不良反应发生率相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:长脉冲可调脉宽激光技术治疗血管性疾病的疗效确切、安全性好,且以蜘蛛痣、化脓性肉芽肿、单纯性毛细血管瘤的治疗效果最佳。