Patients réfractaires aux soins : quelle évolution après le suivi intensif d’une équipe mobile de psychiatrie ?

ObjectivesBeneficial effects of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) programs on patients with severe mental disorders are well established over short or medium term. However, studies that investigate long term clinical and psychosocial outcomes are remarkably scarce, and it is not known whether the support and intensive care delivered by these programs maintain their benefits over time, especially after discharge. Thus, the present study sought further understanding on this issue by evaluating long term clinical and psychosocial evolution of patients who had been treated by an ACT team in 2007. We investigated the nature of treatment interventions and the level of care since discharge from ACT, especially in terms of adherence to care and number of psychiatric hospitalizations. We also examined factors, at inclusion in the ACT program and after six months of treatment, that could predict better long-term outcomes.MethodsTwenty-nine patients with severe mental disorders, characterized by the heavy use of inpatient facilities and refusal of care, were treated by an ACT team which was implmented between 2007 and 2009. They participated at that time in an initial study on the effect of the program and were therefore assessed at inclusion and again after six months of treatment. Between 2016 and 2017, the present follow up took place and patients were assessed again on their current psychosocial functioning, quality of life and intensity of symptoms, using the same scales as those administered in the initial study. This design allowed us to compare baseline with “early” (after six months) and “late” (after a mean of 8.7 years) effects of ACT program on patients. In order to assess adherence to care since discharge from ACT, data on nature and level of psychiatric treatment was systematically reviewed, including all public and private inpatient and outpatient treatments since the end of the ACT program.ResultsDetailed tables on hospitalizations before, during and after ACT treatment are reported, as well as tables summarizing the level of care and nature of treatment since discharge from ACT. During the mean of 8.7 years of evolution and 6.3 years after discharge from ACT, these patients, characterized by severe mental disorders, heavy use of inpatient facilities and refusal of care, sustained a reduced rate of hospitalizations and a minor rate of disengagement from outpatient care (6.9 %). Both severity of symptoms, poorer quality of life and worst functioning in the community at inclusion (baseline) as well as early improvements (after six month of ACT treatment) of the same outcomes were significantly associated with long term improvements. Results also show other baseline predictors of long term improvement: fewer years since disorder onset was associated with improvement of functioning in the community; further advancement in the recovery process predicted better enhancement in quality of life, and a better initial functioning in the community was associated with a better improvement of symptomatology.ConclusionsThis study provides insight on the sustainability of the benefits of ACT programs, suggesting that these interventions can help patients who are refractory to care to gain clinical and psychosocial improvement in the long term. Our results also suggest that baseline severity as well as early improvements after six months of treatment were associated with larger improvement at follow up. These clinical predictors provide some help to distinguish which patients are more likely to benefit from an ACT approach.     

Thoracic imaging outcomes in COVID-19 survivors

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a significant global public health challenge. One in five individuals with COVID-19 presents with symptoms that last for weeks after hospital discharge, a condition termed “long COVID”. Thus, efficient follow-up of patients is needed to assess the resolution of lung pathologies and systemic involvement. Thoracic imaging is multimodal and involves using different forms of waves to produce images of the organs within the thorax. In general, it includes chest X-ray, computed tomography, lung ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Such modalities have been useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19. These tools have also allowed for the follow-up and assessment of long COVID. This review provides insights on the effectiveness of thoracic imaging techniques in the follow-up of COVID-19 survivors who had long COVID.     

LncRNA Gm15621通过调控miR-133a/SOCS2轴抑制类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞炎症

目的探讨lncRNA Gm15621和miR-133a在类风湿关节炎滑膜组织中的表达及其与滑膜组织中成纤维样滑膜细胞炎症调控的关系。方法于2018年1月到2018年12月收集53例类风湿关节炎滑膜组织和20例正常滑膜组织,通过qPCR技术检测不同患者滑膜组织Gm15621和miR-133a的表达情况,免疫印迹法检测滑膜成纤维细胞SOCS2等蛋白的表达情况。结果类风湿关节炎患者滑膜组织Gm15461表达水平是正常滑膜组织的(43.06±2.48)%,miR-133a表达水平是正常组织的(2.94±0.13)倍;类风湿关节炎患者滑膜组织Gm15621表达水平与血清TNF-α(r=-0.441,P=0.001 1),IL-6(r=-0.442,P=0.0017)和IL-1β(r=-0.532,P<0.001)呈负相关,与滑膜组织中miR-133a(r=-0.629,P<0.001)表达呈负相关。荧光素酶报告基因显示:Gm15621和SOCS2都是miR-133a的靶基因,且miR-133a靶向抑制成纤维样滑膜细胞Gm15621和SOCS2,Gm15621抑制成纤维样滑膜细胞中miR-133a的表达。在体外,SOCS2敲低可以显著上调成纤维样滑膜细胞中TNF-α,IL-6和IL-1β的表达。结论类风湿关节炎患者滑膜组织中Gm15621低表达,miR-133a高表达,并且Gm15621通过抑制成纤维样滑膜细胞中miR-133a的表达促进SOCS2的表达,最终发挥抑制炎症因子表达的效果。     

基于有限元模型的下肢长骨动态试验的仿真研究

目的研究在动态载荷下下肢长骨的损伤极限。方法基于中国人体下肢有限元模型,分别对股骨、胫骨、大腿和小腿进行动态三点弯曲仿真,并借助尸体试验验证该模型的有效性。结果仿真所得撞锤的撞击力-位移曲线走势与尸体试验结的基本吻合。裸股骨、裸胫骨、大腿和小腿失效时的撞击力分别为4.29、3.94、4.81和4.086 kN,位移分别为17.78、34.00、52.10和47.06 mm,与尸体试验结果也较为相符。结论本研究验证了模型的有效性,为后续对膝关节以及对整个下肢模型的验证奠定基础,为碰撞事故中对行人进行保护提供了科学的理论依据。     

四肢长骨骨缺损治疗的进展

鉴于临床骨科常见病四肢长骨骨缺损的治疗尚有不足之处,本文概括的描述了近年来长骨骨折治疗的一些研究进展,包括有自体,异体,胚胎骨移植和最新的基因治疗,最后提出对长骨骨缺损治疗领域的展望,希望能有一定的帮助作用。     

Comparison of selective left ventriculograms with levophase ("forward") ventriculograms in patients with coronary artery disease.

In order to compare levophase ("forward") ventriculograms to standard (selective) LV cineangiography, 10 patients with coronary artery disease were studied by (1) selective injection of contrast medium into the LV cavity followed by (2) injection into the right ventricle and filming the levophase. Biplane cineangiograms were used to calculate the end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), end-systolic volume index (ESVI), stroke volume index (SVI), and ejection fraction (EF). Values for the two respective techniques were then compared. Not only were correlation coefficients for the two methods low, but there was also a statistically significant difference between the two SVI (66 +/- 26 ml. for selective and 53 +/- 25 ml. for levophase injection; p less than 0.02) and the two EF (67 +/- 7 per cent for selective and 52 +/- 12 per cent for levophase injection; p less than 0.01). Levophase cineangiograms therefore significantly underestimate the LV ejection fraction when compared to standard (selective) LV cineangiography. These differences must be considered when evaluating greatly divergent interinstitutional survival rates for patients with low EF who undergo coronary artery bypass surgery, and when selecting candidates for bypass surgery on the basis of the angiographic data.     

Clinical aspects of the three major genetic forms of long QT syndrome (LQT1, LQT2, LQT3)

Background

A comprehensive report on the clinical course of the three major genotypes of the long QT syndrome (LQTS) in a large U.S. patient cohort is lacking.

Methods

Our study consisted of 1,923 U.S. subjects from the Rochester‐based LQTS Registry with genotype‐positive LQT1 (n = 879), LQT2 (n = 807), and LQT3 (n = 237). We evaluated the risk of a first cardiac event (syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, or sudden cardiac death, whichever occurred first) from birth through age 50 years. Cox proportional hazards regression models incorporating clinical covariates were used to assess genotype‐specific risk of cardiac events.

Results

For all three genotypes, the cumulative probability of a first cardiac event increased most markedly during adolescence. Multivariate analysis identified proband status and QTc > 500 ms as predictors of cardiac events in all three genotypes, and males <14 years and females >14 years as predictors of cardiac events in LQT1 and LQT2 only. Beta‐blockers significantly reduced the risk of cardiac events in LQT1 (HR: 0.49, p = .002) and LQT2 patients (HR: 0.48, p = .001). A trend toward beta‐blocker benefit in reducing cardiac events was found in LQT3 females (HR: 0.32, p = .078), but not in LQT3 males (HR: 1.37, p = .611).

Conclusion

Risk factors and outcomes in LQTS patients varied by genotype. In all three genotypes, proband status and prolonged QTc were risk factors for cardiac events. Younger males and older females experienced increased risk in LQT1 and LQT2 only. Beta‐blockers were most effective in reducing cardiac events in LQT1 and LQT2, with a potential benefit in LQT3 females.