肺隔离症手术治疗10例观察

目的探讨肺隔离症的诊断和治疗方法.方法昆明医学院第四附属医院心胸外科6 a间收治了10例肺隔离症患者,采用肺叶切除或隔离肺切除进行治疗.结果 10例患者术前确诊5例,术中探查发现3例,术中异常血管破裂出血而发现2例,无围手术期死亡,1例患者术后因血性胸液量较多而二次开胸,2例患者术后出现心律失常,其余患者均痊愈,随访3月～5 a,复查X线胸片及胸部CT均正常.结论肺隔离症是临床上不多见的肺先天性畸形,加强对该病的认识、提高术前确诊率是避免并发症出现的关键,手术治疗可取得良好效果.     

Hybrid minimally invasive treatment of intralobar pulmonary sequestration: a single-centre experience

Pulmonary sequestrations are rare congenital malformations. They are often located in the lower lobes, and they are supplied by an aberrant systemic vessel arising from the thoracic aorta or abdominal arteries. These pulmonary malformations are divided into intra- and extralobar sequestrations, depending on the respective lack or presence of an independent pleural covering. Pulmonary sequestration can be asymptomatic or lead to recurrent pulmonary infections. The goal of this study was to analyse the feasibility and safety of a hybrid sequential approach. We report a small series of intralobar pulmonary sequestrations, from November 2017 to December 2018, successfully treated with a hybrid minimally invasive approach consisting of endovascular embolization of the aberrant arterial branch followed by video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy the day after. Thoracic pain following endovascular embolization was noted in all cases. Patients were discharged early in the absence of major postoperative complications. Prolonged air leak was observed in only 1 case. Despite the presence of sequestration-related pulmonary inflammation, in our experience, hybrid treatment for intralobar pulmonary sequestration is a safe and reproducible approach in terms of postoperative complications and hospital stay.     

The difference in postoperative pulmonary functional change between upper and lower thoracoscopic lobectomy

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESThrough 3-dimensional lung volumetric and morphological analyses, we aimed to evaluate the difference in postoperative functional changes between upper and lower thoracoscopic lobectomy.METHODSA total of 145 lung cancer patients who underwent thoracoscopic upper lobectomy (UL) were matched with 145 patients with lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic lower lobectomy (LL) between April 2012 and December 2018, based on their sex, age, smoking history, operation side, and pulmonary function. Spirometry and computed tomography were performed before and 6 months after the operation. In addition, the postoperative pulmonary function, volume and morphological changes between the 2 groups were compared.RESULTSThe rate of postoperative decreased and the ratio of actual to predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s were significantly higher after LL than after UL (P < 0.001 for both). The tendency above was similar irrespective of the resected side. The postoperative actual volumes of the ipsilateral residual lobe and contralateral lung were larger than the preoperatively measured volumes in each side lobectomy. Moreover, the increased change was particularly remarkable in the middle lobe after right LL. The change in the D-value, representing the structural complexity of the lung, was better maintained in the left lung after LL than after UL (P = 0.042).CONCLUSIONSPulmonary function after thoracoscopic LL was superior to that after UL because the upward displacement and the pulmonary reserves of the remaining lobe appeared more robust after LL.     

Clinical implication of tumour spread through air spaces in pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma treated with lobectomy

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical implication of tumour spread through air spaces (STAS) as a prognostic factor in pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma treated with lobectomy and to identify related parameters.METHODSMedical records of patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomy for stage I (American Joint Committee on Cancers eighth edition) lung adenocarcinomas between 2012 and February 2018 at our institutions were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with minimally invasive adenocarcinomas and tumours ≥3 cm in size were excluded. Included patients were classified into STAS (+) and STAS (−) groups. Clinical implications of STAS and recurrence in patients were investigated.RESULTSA total of 109 patients was analysed: 41 (37.6%) in the STAS (+) and 68 (62.4%) in the STAS (−) group. STAS was associated with larger consolidation diameter on chest tomography (≥1.5 cm; P = 0.006) or a higher invasive ratio (≥85%; P = 0.012) and presence of a micropapillary pattern in multivariable analysis (P = 0.003) The recurrence-free survival curve showed statistical difference (P = 0.008) with 3-year survival rates of 73.0% (9 patients) and 96.8% (2 patients) in the STAS (+) and STAS (−) group, respectively. However, no statistical significance was observed in the lung cancer-related survival curve (P = 0.648). The presence of STAS was an independent risk factor for recurrence in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio = 5.9, P = 0.031).CONCLUSIONSThe presence of STAS could be an important risk factor for recurrence in patients with early-stage invasive lung adenocarcinoma treated with pulmonary lobectomy.     

58例复杂原发性肺癌的全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术

目的 评价全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术在复杂的原发性肺癌(肿瘤直径≥5 cm、复合肺叶切除、新辅助化疗后及肿瘤侵犯局部胸壁)中的价值和应对处理方法.方法 2006年9月至2011年6月连续开展全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术治疗复杂的原发性肺癌58例,其中男34例,女24例;年龄(59.2±11.4)岁.实体肿瘤最大径(5.50±2.92)cm.具体操作方法与我中心以往报道相同.结果 全组手术顺利,无死亡及严重并发症发生.手术(215.6 ±60.9) min,术后带胸管(8.0±4.7)天,术后住院(11.3±5.9)天;中转开胸14例,中转率24.1％.术中出血(271.0±188.3) ml.术后轻微并发症8例,发生率13.8％.术后病理结果腺癌29例,鳞癌16例,小细胞癌5例,肺泡细胞癌、腺鳞癌、类癌各2例,大细胞、肉瘤样癌各1例.结论 全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术治疗相对复杂的或相对禁忌证的原发性肺癌未延长手术时间,未增加手术出血,未延长术后恢复时间,未增加中转开胸概率.     

左肝外叶切除术治疗肝内胆管结石效果的评价

目的 比较左肝外叶切除术和仅行胆总管切开取石术两种方法治疗肝内胆管结石的效果。方法对中山大学第三医院2000年1月至2004年12月收治的85例肝内胆管结石病人同期分别采用两种手术方法治疗。第1组44例，采用胆总管切开取石、左肝外叶切除和T管引流术的方法，第2组41例病人采用胆总管切开取石、T管引流术的方法。对两组的疗效进行分析总结。结果第1组术后近期效果优良率为90．9％。而第2组为80．5％。第2组在手术时间、术中出血量和输血量方面较第1组有明显的优势。第1组病人在术后残石率、胆道感染率和再手术率方面明显低于第2组。结论左肝外叶切除术治疗肝内胆管结石能取得比较好的临床效果，远期疗效明显好于仅行胆总管切开取石术。对肝内胆管结石较多、病灶较复杂、肝内胆管病变严重的病例，胆总管切开取石、T管流术不是一种“根治性”手术。     

两孔、三孔胸腔镜与开放肺叶切除治疗肺癌的对比研究

目的：分析两孔胸腔镜肺叶切除及系统性淋巴结清扫手术治疗肺癌的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2013年6月～2014年4月我科单一术者两孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺癌47例（两孔组）,同期三孔法胸腔镜手术61例（三孔组）,以及2007～2010年传统开胸手术49例（开放组）的资料。比较3组手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、术中清扫淋巴结数目、站数、术后前3天引流量、胸腔引流时间、术后住院时间及并发症的发生情况等。结果两孔组手术均顺利完成,无需副操作孔或中转开胸。两孔组与三孔组比较,在手术时间、术中出血量、胸腔引流时间、引流量、术后住院时间、并发症等方面差异均无显著性（P＞0．05）;与开放组比较,两孔组术中出血少[（154．0±107．5）ml vs．（254．7±192．2）ml,P＝0．007],术后住院时间短[（8．5±1．9）d vs．（10．9±2．4）d,P＝0．000],输血患者比例小（1／47 vs．8／49,P＝0．017）。3组在淋巴结清扫总数目和站数、N2组淋巴结清扫数目和站数、病理阳性淋巴结数目等方面均无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论两孔胸腔镜肺叶切除手术能够达到三孔胸腔镜手术的治疗效果,并且能避免多余切口对胸壁肌肉、肋间神经或血管的损伤,进一步降低手术创伤,是安全有效的肺癌根治性手术方式之一。