后路减压矫形融合治疗上胸椎黄韧带骨化症

目的探讨上胸椎黄韧带骨化症(ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF)及其合并同节段后纵韧带骨化症患者的手术方法及疗效。方法回顾性研究2000年1月至2005年6月手术治疗的27例上胸椎OLF病例,其中11例合并同节段后纵韧带骨化。所有病例均采用"揭盖法"切除椎管后壁进行减压;合并同节段后纵韧带骨化症者中9例在减压的基础上行后路钉棒内固定矫形融合术,利用"弓弦原理"将胸椎生理后凸角度和骨化后凸角度减小,间接解除前方压迫。研究27例的病变分布节段,评估术后疗效,测量行内固定矫形术的9例患者术前、术后即刻、随访时减压段胸椎后凸角度和骨化后凸角度。结果术后27例随访12～78个月,平均35个月。行植骨融合的患者均达到骨性融合,融合时间3～9个月,平均5.4个月。根据Epstein标准评定:优13例,良9例,可4例,差1例,优良率81.5%;伴有同节段脊髓前方压迫并行矫形手术的9例中,优5例,良2例,可2例,优良率77.8%。矫形的9例术后即刻的胸椎平均后凸角度和平均骨化后凸角度与术前比较均有统计学意义(P<0.01),末次随访时无显著的角度丢失。结论采用"揭盖法"进行胸椎管后壁切除减压是安全、有效的方法;在此基础上采用"弓弦原理"矫形融合可减小胸椎后凸角度及骨化后凸角度达到脊髓前方有效减压,避免再行前路手术。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化椎管侵占与神经损害的关系

目的探讨胸椎黄韧带骨化椎管侵占引发脊髓损害的临界值,建立脊柱多节段病变中确定责任节段的影像学诊断标准。方法采用病例对照研究,病例组取2002年1月至2007年4月因胸椎黄韧带骨化症行手术治疗者43例;对照组取2006年6月至2007年4月CT检查发现胸椎黄韧带骨化,而就诊前无明确神经损害者22例。在CT片上测量椎管矢状径、椎管发育性矢状径、椎管面积、椎管发育性面积,计算椎管矢状径残余率、椎管面积残余率。病例组患者的神经损害程度用JOA评分确定。结果影像学上椎管面积残余率与JOA评分相关性最大（r=0.449,P=0.003）。椎管面积残余率临界值取80%时诊断总符合率最高,其诊断灵敏度为93.0%,特异度为95.5%。结论（1）胸椎黄韧带骨化椎管侵占程度与神经损害程度相关,椎管面积残余率可以反映神经损害程度。（2）CT椎管面积残余率小于80%可作为胸椎黄韧带骨化引发脊髓损害的影像学标准。     

Clinical analysis of thoracic ossified ligamentum flavum without ventral compressive lesion

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of thoracic ossified ligamentum flavum (OLF) and to elucidate prognostic factors as well as effective surgical treatment modality. The authors analyzed 106 thoracic OLF cases retrospectively from January 1999 to December 2008. The operative (n = 40) and the non-operative group (n = 66) were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) imaging. We excluded cases exhibiting ventral compressive lesions causing subarachnoid space effacement in thoracic vertebrae as well as those with a coexisting cervical compressive myelopathy. Those in the operative group were treated with decompressive laminectomy as well as resection of OLF. The preoperative neurologic status and postoperative outcomes of patients, as indicated by their modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scores and recovery rate (RR), Modic changes, the axial (fused or non-fused) and sagittal (omega or beak) configurations of OLF, and the ratios of the cross-sectional area (CSA) and anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the most compressed level were studied. The most commonly affected segment was the T10–11 vertebral body level (n = 49, 27.1%) and the least affected segment was the T7–8 level (n = 1, 0.6%). The ratios of the CSA in non-fused and fused types were 77.3 and 59.3% (p < 0.001). When Modic changes were present with OLF, initial mJOA score was found to be significantly lower than those without Modic change (7.62 vs. 9.09, p = 0.033). Neurological status improved after decompressive laminectomy without fusion (preoperative vs. last mJOA; 7.1 ± 2.01 vs. 8.57 ± 1.91, p < 0.001). However, one patient exhibited transient deterioration of her neurological status after surgery. In the axial configuration, fused-type OLF revealed a significant risk for a decreased postoperative mJOA score (0–7, severe and moderate) (Odds ratio: 5.54, χ² = 4.41, p = 0.036, 95% CI: 1.014–30.256). The results indicated that the new categorization of axial-type of OLF is a helpful predictor of postoperative patient outcome and fused type was related with poor prognosis. In OLF cases free from ventral lesions compressing the spinal cord, decompressive laminectomy is enough for successful surgical outcome. Therefore, early surgical treatment will be considered in cases with fused-type OLF compressing spinal cord even though they do not have myelopathic symptoms.     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2诱发黄韧带骨化的实验模型

目的 :建立脊柱黄韧带骨化的实验模型。方法 :以中国大白兔为实验对象 ,采用重组人骨形态发生蛋白 2(rhBMP 2 )作为诱导物 ,分别将rhBMP 2 /明胶海绵植入双侧黄韧带腹侧的硬膜外腔 (E1组 ) ,或直接将rhBMP 2注射到双侧的黄韧带内 (E2组 ) ,每一侧植入物中含rhBMP 2 10 0 μg。设立相应的对照组 (C1组、C2组 )。对手术节段进行X线、CT扫描及病理组织学检查。结果 :脊柱CT扫描发现E1组 4周时手术节段后正中椎板前方出现结节状高密度增高影 ,8周时密度进一步增高。病理组织学检查发现E1组手术节段韧带细胞分化为软骨细胞并发生骨化。E2组仅见黄韧带轻度增生肥厚及少量散在的软骨细胞。C1组和C2组黄韧带组织均未见明显异常改变。结论 :rhBMP 2可诱导脊柱黄韧带骨化 ;明胶海绵可作为BMP诱导成骨的载体。     

胸椎黄韧带骨化症手术并发硬脊膜损伤或脑脊液漏的原因分析及防治

目的：分析胸椎黄韧带骨化症(ossification of ligamentum flavum,OLF)手术并发硬脊膜损伤或脑脊液漏的原因，并探讨其防治方法。方法：对103例手术治疗的胸椎OLF患者中并发硬脊膜损伤或脑脊液漏病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：30例发生硬脊膜损伤，发生率为29．13％；22例术后发生脑脊液漏，发生率为21．36％，其中21例患者经以俯卧位为主的综合治疗后痊愈，1例发生伤口全层裂开，二次手术后痊愈。结论：硬脊膜损伤或脑脊液漏是胸椎OLF手术易发生的并发症；俯卧位为主的综合治疗是治疗术后脑脊液漏的有效方案，但患者较痛苦，有待改进。     

人黄韧带糖胺多糖含量和成分的测定及其临床意义

作者对３２例国人黄韧带糖胺多糖（ＧＡＧ）含量进行了测定，确定了正常值范围，对研究病变黄韧带蛋白多糖代谢提供了正常参考。对三个年龄组黄韧带ＧＡＧ进行醋酸纤维素膜电泳和光密度扫描发现，黄韧带ＧＡＧ组成成分中硫酸软骨素所占比例随年龄增长而增高，文中对其临床意义进行了讨论。     

Morphological changes of the ligamentum flavum as a cause of nerve root compression

The ligamentum flavum is considered to be one of the important causes of radiculopathy in lumbar degenerative disease. Although there have been several reports anatomically examining the positional relationship between the ligamentum flavum and nerve root, there are few reports on ventral observation. The purpose of this study is to clarify the shape of the ligamentum flavum seen ventrally, and to obtain anatomic findings related to nerve root compression. The subjects were 18 adult embalmed cadavers, with an average age of 78 years at the time of death. The ventral shapes of the ligamentum flavum were observed. The relationships between the morphological change of the ligamentum flavum and nerve root compression or radiographic findings were statistically evaluated. Among the shapes of the ligamentum flavum, bulging of the ligament was most frequently observed. Proximal bulging indicates the type with the cranial portion bulging from the subarticular zone to the foraminal zone of the ligamentum flavum. In this type associated with a decrease in disc height, nerve root compression was frequently observed. Thus, we could more realistically grasp the relationship between bulging morphology of the ligamentum flavum and nerve root compression.     

棘突截骨椎管成形术治疗腰椎黄韧带骨化症

目的 :观察棘突截骨椎管成形术治疗腰椎黄韧带骨化症的临床疗效和影像学。方法 :单侧椎板显露后行棘突基底截骨、中央椎管潜式扩大治疗 13例腰椎黄韧带骨化症患者 ,术前和术后进行腰椎功能Oswestry问卷调查和椎管直径测量。结果 :本组术后随访 2～ 4年 ,腰腿痛较术前平均改善 76 %～ 74% ,术后腰椎CT显示椎管中矢径平均增加2 1.6 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,椎管横径平均增加 18.5 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :棘突截骨椎管成形术治疗腰椎黄韧带骨化症 ,具有操作简单、椎管中央和侧方减压充分、对腰椎后方张力带结构影响小等优点 ,术后近期和中期临床疗效和影像学评估满意     

胸腰段黄韧带肥厚、骨化的早期诊断与治疗

目的：探讨胸腰段黄韧带肥厚、骨化的早期诊断与治疗。方法：对早期诊断和手术治疗的病人临床资料进行回顾性总结分析。蛄果：62例病人行保留棘上，棘间韧带，改良椎板开窗，整块切除法。采用JOA评分及Hirabayashil恢复率评价手术效果，术前评分3～7分，平均5分；术后评分为8～11分，平均9．5分；功能恢复率为95．05％。结论：详细病史厦全面、细致的神经系统检查是早期诊断的关键，加之相关的影像学检查，能最大限度减少漏诊、误诊。早期行改良开窗法手术是唯一有效的方法。术后效果满意。     

单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧关节突螺钉固定黄韧带保留治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效

目的：观察单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧关节突螺钉固定黄韧带保留治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效。方法对45例退变性腰椎间盘突出、椎管狭窄、下腰椎失稳患者采用单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧关节突螺钉固定黄韧带保留手术治疗,采用日本骨科协会（ Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA）评分对手术疗效进行评估。通过影像学评价椎板关节突螺钉位置,并观察术后和末次随访时内固定位置、融合情况以及病变节段椎间隙高度情况。结果本组患者术后症状明显缓解,JOA评分较术前有显著改善,影像评价椎板关节突螺钉位置良好,未发现内固定松动和断裂,椎间融合率100%。结论单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧关节突螺钉固定黄韧带保留治疗腰椎退变性疾病手术创伤小,术后融合率高,有效预防了手术后神经粘连,疗效肯定。