HIE新生儿血清食欲素、生长激素及瘦素水平变化

目的：探讨缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）新生儿食欲素、生长激素及瘦素水平变化。方法选择HIE患儿58例为研究对象,其中轻度28例,中度22例,重度8例。另设对照组30例。检测各新生儿出生后24h食欲素、生长激素以及瘦素水平,分析HIE对患儿食欲素、生长激素以及瘦素的影响。结果轻度HIE患儿食欲素较对照组轻度升高,生长激素和瘦素较对照组轻度下降,无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。随着病情加重,中度HIE患儿和重度HIE患儿食欲素显著升高,生长激素和瘦素显著下降,与对照组比较,有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。结论 HIE患儿血清食欲素水平显著升高,瘦素和生长激素水平显著下降。     

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori increases the incidence of hyperlipidaemia and obesity in peptic ulcer patients

BACKGROUND: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori improves clinical symptoms and quality of life in patients with peptic ulcer. AIM: To investigate the effect of eradication of H. pylori on body mass index and incidence of hyperlipidaemia in patients with peptic ulcer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 50 patients (42 men, 8 women; mean age, 51 years; 28 gastric ulcer, 22 duodenal ulcer) who underwent physical and blood examination before and 1 year after undergoing eradication therapy and 100 sex- and age-matched control subjects. Body mass index, total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured before and 1 year after therapy. RESULTS: The eradication therapy group showed a significant increase in body mass index (22.7+/-2.5 kg/m2 before eradication versus 23.6+/-2.6 kg/m2 after eradication, p < 0.01), serum total cholesterol (204.1+/-33.2 mg/dL versus 221.2+/-38.8 mg/dL, p < 0.01), and triglyceride. Additionally, the eradication therapy group showed a significant increase in the incidence of hypercholesterolemia (30% versus 58%, p<0.01), hypertriglyceridaemia (28% versus 44%, p < 0.01) and obesity (12% versus 22%, p <0.05) 12 months after therapy. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that eradication of H. pylori significantly increases the incidence of hyperlipidaemia and obesity in patients with peptic ulcer.     

Appetite loss may be induced by lower serum ghrelin and higher serum leptin concentrations in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients

Background

Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) typically develop appetite loss. However, the mechanisms regulating appetite are not understood. Ghrelin and leptin, both of which signal nutritional status and energy storage levels to the hypothalamus, are essential elements of the appetite system. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between appetite and ghrelin and leptin concentrations in patients with SAH.

Methods

Blood plasma or serum profiles and appetite status were measured in 19 patients with SAH who underwent aneurysmal clipping within 48 hours of SAH onset. Appetite status was measured using dietary oral calorie intake. All outcome variables were measured at an early (day 3) and late (day 8) time point after SAH onset (day 0).

Results

Of the 19 patients studied, 6 (31.6%) showed lower dietary oral calorie intake at the late time point than at the early time point. In these patients with appetite loss, plasma hemoglobin (P < 0.02), albumin (P < 0.01), glucose (P < 0.01), plasma insulin (P < 0.04), and serum ghrelin (P < 0.03) concentrations were lower at the late time point than at the early time point. Serum leptin was higher at the late time point than at the early time point (P < 0.02).

Conclusion

In SAH patients, appetite loss may be induced by lower serum ghrelin and higher serum leptin concentrations resulting from high plasma glucose and insulin levels due to a catecholamine surge following SAH.     

Hypothalamic expression of anorexigenic and orexigenic hormone receptors in obese females Neotomodon alstoni: Effect of fasting

Obesity is a world problem that requires a better understanding of its physiological and genetic basis, as well as the mechanisms by which the hypothalamus controls feeding behavior. The volcano mouse Neotomodon alstoni develops obesity in captivity when fed with regular chow diet, providing a novel model for the study of obesity. Females develop obesity more often than males; therefore, in this study, we analysed in females, in proestrous lean and obese, the differences in hypothalamus expression of receptors for leptin, ghrelin (growth hormone secretagogue receptor GHS-R), and VPAC, and correlates for plasma levels of total ghrelin. The main comparisons are between mice fed ad libitum and mice after 24 hours of fasting. Mice above 65 g body weight were considered obese, based on behavioral and physiological parameters such as food intake, plasma free fatty acids, and glucose tolerance. Hypothalamic tissue from obese and lean mice was analysed by western blot. Our results indicate that after ad libitum food access, obese mice show no significant differences in hypothalamic leptin receptors, but a significant increase of 60% in the GHS-R, and a nearly 62% decrease in VPAC2 was noted. After a 24-hour fast, plasma ghrelin increased nearly two fold in both lean and obese mice; increases of hypothalamic leptin receptors and GHS-R were also noted, while VPAC2 did not change significantly; levels of plasma free fatty acids were 50% less after fasting in obese than in lean animals. Our results indicate that in obese N. alstoni mice, the levels of orexigenic receptors in the hypothalamus correlate with overfeeding, and the fact that lean and obese females respond in different ways to a metabolic demand such as a 24-hour fast.     

Circulating leptin levels are associated with physical activity or physical fitness in Japanese

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the link between circulating leptin levels and physical activity and/or physical fitness in apparently healthy Japanese.

Methods

A total of 85 men and 111 women who were not taking any medication were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Circulating leptin levels, physical activity measured by tri-axial accelerometers and peak oxygen uptake were evaluated. We also assessed anthropometric data, blood pressure, blood examinations and energy intake.

Results

Circulating leptin levels were 3.2 ± 2.3 ng/mL in men and 5.9 ± 3.8 ng/mL in women. Circulating leptin levels were significantly and positively correlated with body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, insulin and the homeostasis model assessment index, and significantly and negatively correlated with peak oxygen uptake in both sexes. Stepwise multiple regression showed that peak oxygen uptake in men and physical activity evaluated by \(\sum {\left[ {{\text{metabolic equivalents }} \times \rm h {\text{ per week}}({\text{METs}}\;\;h/w)} \right]}\) in women were determinant factors for circulating leptin levels after adjusting for confounding factors.     

雄性生殖系统中瘦素表达及功能的研究进展

男性生育力呈下降趋势,阐明其发生机制有助于男性不育症的精准医疗.瘦素是一种主要由脂肪组织产生的激素,在调节机体能量代谢、参与炎性反应、促进生殖系统发育及维持其正常功能等方面具有重要的作用.瘦素及其受体在哺乳动物下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴的内分泌器官、睾丸、生殖道、附属生殖腺以及精子中均有广泛表达,其表达异常与雄性生...     

BDE-153对胰岛素抵抗和脂肪因子的影响及机制初探

目的 研究2,2',4,4',5,5'-六溴联苯醚(2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether,BDE-153)对C57BL/6小鼠胰岛素抵抗和脂肪因子的影响,并初步探讨其可能的机制.方法 雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、BDE-153染毒高、中和低剂量组.利用腹腔注射葡萄糖耐量...     

睡眠障碍与脂质代谢关系的研究进展

睡眠是人类必不可少的生物过程,在多种人体代谢调节中起关键作用。睡眠时间减少与糖尿病、肥胖症、代谢综合征和心血管疾病等相关。睡眠障碍引起多种代谢物的改变,多与脂质或脂肪酸产物相关。近年来睡眠与脂代谢的关系逐渐受到临床重视。现综述睡眠障碍与脂质代谢关系的研究进展,以及睡眠障碍引起脂质代谢异常的可能机制,为睡眠障碍的诊疗和多种代谢疾病的诊疗提供思路。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性加重期饮食摄入与血清瘦素及全身炎症状态关系的研究

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者急性加重期饮食摄入与血清瘦素水平及全身炎症状态的相关关系,探讨血清瘦素和全身炎症在COPD营养不良发生中的作用。方法观察40例COPD急性加重期患者治疗前,治疗第7天、第12天的饮食摄入量、血清瘦素及可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体(sTNFR)的水平变化;测定患者治疗第12天的营养状态参数。12例正常健康者的血清瘦素、sTNFR水平作为正常对照。分析各参数相关性。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清瘦素、sTNFR水平,饮食摄入量由24小时膳食记录,经营养分析软件计算获得。结果①患者治疗前饮食摄入量低于日常习惯饮食,随着治疗时间的延长,饮食摄入量逐渐恢复至日常水平。在治疗第7天,饮食摄入量与瘦素的自然对数、sTNFR55均呈显著负相关(r=-0.536,P<0.01;r=-0.729,P<0.001);治疗第12天此相关关系仍存在。②治疗第7天和第12天,排除体重指数(BMI)影响后,血清瘦素与sTNFR55均呈显著正相关(r=0.53,P<0.05;r=0.512,P<0.05)。③治疗第12天,血清瘦素与BMI、理想体重百分比、三头肌皮皱厚度、肩胛下皮皱厚度、上臂中部周径等营养参数均呈显著正相关(P均<0.05)。结论COPD患者急性加重期存在短暂的饮食摄入减少,这与提高的血清瘦素水平及全身炎症反应有关。“细胞因子瘦素”作用机制可能参与了COPD营养不良的发生。