A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing guided with nonguided implant placement: A 3-year follow-up of implant-centered outcomes

Statement of problemImplant-based prosthetic solutions can be time consuming. If implants can be placed successfully with a guide, surgery time can be reduced.PurposeThe purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to assess implant outcomes, both clinical and radiological, comparing guided with nonguided implant placement after 3 years of follow-up.Material and methodsA total of 314 implants were placed in 72 jaws (60 participants). The jaws were randomly assigned to 1 of the 6 treatment groups: Materialise Universal/mucosa (Mat Mu), Materialise Universal/bone (Mat Bo), Facilitate/mucosa (Fac Mu), Facilitate/bone (Fac Bo), freehand navigation (Freehand), and a pilot-drill template (Templ). Radiographic and clinical parameters (bone loss, pocket probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque scores) were recorded at the time of implant placement, prosthesis installment (baseline), and 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year follow-up. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed model, and correction for simultaneous hypothesis was made according to Sidak (α=.05).ResultsThree participants left the study before the 3-year follow-up; hence, 302 implants in 69 jaws were included in this study. None of the implants failed. The mean marginal bone loss after the third year of loading was 0.7 ±1.3 mm for the guided surgery group and 0.5 ±0.6 mm for the control group. No significant intergroup or follow-up period differences were observed (P>.05). In the guided surgery groups, the mean number of surfaces with bleeding on probing and plaque at 3-year follow-up was 1.7 ±1.5 and 1.7 ±1.7, respectively; for the control groups, this was 1.6 ±1.4 and 1.6 ±1.6, respectively. The mean pocket probing depth was 3.0 ±1.3 mm for the guided group and 2.6 ±1.0 mm for the control group. No significant differences were found (P>.1).ConclusionsWithin the limitation of this study, no statistically significant differences could be found between the guided group and the control group at the 3-year follow-up.     

Comparison of endoscopic gastritis based on Kyoto classification between diffuse and intestinal gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Gastric cancers can be categorized into diffuse-and intestinal-type cancers based on the Lauren histopathological classification. These two subtypes show distinct differences in metastasis frequency, treatment application, and prognosis. Therefore, accurately assessing the Lauren classification before treatment is crucial. However, studies on the gastritis endoscopy-based Kyoto classification have recently shown that endoscopic diagnosis has improved.AIM To investigate patient characteristics including endoscopic gastritis associated with diffuse-and intestinal-type gastric cancers in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-infected patients.METHODS Patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic were enrolled. The Kyoto classification included atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, enlarged folds, nodularity, and diffuse redness. The effects of age, sex, and Kyoto classification score on gastric cancer according to the Lauren classification were analyzed. We developed the Lauren predictive background score based on the coefficients of a logistic regression model using variables independently associated with the Lauren classification. Area under the receiver operative characteristic curve and diagnostic accuracy of this score were examined.RESULTS A total of 499 H. pylori-infected patients(49.6% males; average age: 54.9 years) were enrolled; 132 patients with gastric cancer(39 diffuse-and 93 intestinal-type cancers) and 367 cancer-free controls were eligible. Gastric cancer was independently associated with age ≥ 65 years, high atrophy score, high intestinal metaplasia score, and low nodularity score when compared to the control. Factors independently associated with intestinal-type cancer were age ≥ 65 years(coefficient: 1.98), male sex(coefficient: 1.02), high intestinal metaplasia score(coefficient: 0.68), and low enlarged folds score(coefficient:-1.31) when compared to diffuse-type cancer. The Lauren predictive background score was defined as the sum of +2(age ≥ 65 years), +1(male sex), +1(endoscopic intestinal metaplasia), and-1(endoscopic enlarged folds) points. Area under the receiver operative characteristic curve of the Lauren predictive background score was 0.828 for predicting intestinal-type cancer. With a cut-off value of +2, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the Lauren predictive background score were 81.7%, 71.8%, and 78.8%, respectively.CONCLUSION Patient backgrounds, such as age, sex, endoscopic intestinal metaplasia, and endoscopic enlarged folds are useful for predicting the Lauren type of gastric cancer.     

Correlation of Primary Tumor FDG Uptake with Histopathologic Features of Advanced Gastric Cancer

Purpose

Histopathologic features could affect the FDG uptake of primary gastric cancer and detection rate on FDG PET/CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FDG uptake of primary gastric cancer by correlating it with the histopathologic features of the tumors.

Methods

Fifty patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma who were referred for preoperative FDG-PET/CT scans were enrolled in this study. The detection rate of PET/CT and maximum standardized uptake values (SUV_max) of the primary tumor were compared using the WHO, Lauren, Ming and Borrmann classifications and tumor size and location.

Results

In 45 of the 50 patients (90 %), the primary gastric tumors were detected by FDG PET/CT. On comparison using the WHO classification, the detection rate and SUV_max of the tubular type were significantly higher than those of the poorly cohesive type. On comparison using the Lauren and Ming classifications, the SUV_maxs of the intestinal type and expanding type were significantly higher than those of the diffuse and infiltrative type, respectively. On comparison using the Borrmann classification and tumor size and location, there was no significant difference in the detection rate and SUV_max of primary gastric tumors.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the poorly cohesive type according to the WHO classification, diffuse type according to the Lauren classification and infiltrative type according to the Ming classification have low FDG uptake in patients with locally advanced gastric carcinoma. Understanding the relationship between primary tumor FDG uptake and histopathologic features would be helpful in detecting the primary tumor by FDG PET/CT in patients with gastric cancer.     

血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶与外伤性脑损伤患者及临床特征的关系

目的 通过检测外伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injuries,TBI)患者血清中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)的浓度及动态变化,探讨其在TBI患者早期诊断、分型、病情变化及预后评估的意义。方法 选取北京市延庆区医院收治的TBI患者106例为病例组,根据入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Score,GCS),按照病情严重程度分为轻、中、重三组;根据电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)诊断的损伤类型将其分为硬膜下血肿组、硬膜外血肿组、蛛网膜下腔出血组(简称血肿出血肿组)、脑挫裂伤组、弥漫性轴索损伤组及未见明显异常组;通过3个月的回访,根据格拉斯哥预后评分(Glasgow Outcome Score,GOS),分为预后不良组和预后良好组;同时选取本院健康体检者100例作为对照组。通过比较病例组第1、3、5天血清NSE的浓度,分析血清NSE浓度与外伤性脑损伤及其主要临床特征的关系;制作受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线评价血清NSE浓度作为患者预后评估标准的诊断效能。结果 TBI各组患者血清NSE的浓度明显高于对照组,且随着损伤程度的加重,血清NSE的浓度升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中轻、中度组动态水平呈下降趋势,而重度组是先升高后一直维持较高水平。在CT诊断的损伤类型分组中,弥漫性轴索损伤组患者血清NSE浓度明显高于其他各组,且预后不良组患者血清NSE动态浓度均高于预后良好组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TBI患者入院时血清NSE浓度与其GCS、GOS评分呈负相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线评价显示,对TBI患者伤后3个月预后的预测效果以第3天血清NSE浓度最佳,此时预测结果与结果具有较高的一致性,具有一定的临床应用价值,但漏诊率较高(30%)。结论 血清NSE作为一种判断颅脑损伤程度客观、可靠的生物标志物,在TBI的诊断分型和病情进展以及预后评估方面都有一定的临床应用价值,但漏诊率较高。     

Molecular genetics of gastric adenocarcinoma in clinical practice

The molecular genetics of gastric carcinoma (GC) dictates their biology and clinical behavior. The two morphologically distinct types of gastric carcinoma by Lauren classification, i.e., intestinal and diffuse cell types, have a significant difference in clinical outcome. These two types of GC have different molecular pathogenetic pathways with unique genetic alterations. In addition to environmental and other etiologies, intestinal type GC is associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and involves a multistep molecular pathway driving the normal epithelium to intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and malignant transformation by chromosomal and/or microsatellite instability (MSI), mutation of tumor suppressor genes, and loss of heterozygosity among others. Diffuse type shows no clear causal relationship with H. pylori infection, but is commonly associated with deficiency of cell-cell adhesion due to mutation of the E-cadherin gene (CDH1), and a manifestation of the hereditary gastric cancer syndrome. Thus, detection of CDH1 mutation or loss of expression of E-cadherin may aid in early diagnosis or screening of diffuse type GC. Detection of certain genetic markers, for example, MSI and matrix metalloproteinases, may provide prognostic information, particularly for intestinal type. The common genetic alterations may offer therapeutic targets for treatment of GC. Polymorphisms in Thymidylate synthase to metabolize 5-fluorouracil, glutathione S-transferase for degradation of Cisplatin, and amplification/overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 targeted by monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab, are a few examples. P13K/Akt/mTOR pathway, c-Met pathways, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor fibroblast growth factor receptor, and micro RNAs are several potential therapeutic biomarkers for GC under investigation.     

黄斑裂孔研究进展

黄斑裂孔是严重威胁视力的视网膜疾病，随着科技进步，检查手段的改进，对该病的认识进一步明确。本文对黄斑裂孔的发病机制、诊断、分型及愈合过程、闭合模式、治疗等研究的最新进展进行综述，帮助眼科医生制定手术提供部分依据。     

CT 能谱成像定量评估胃癌 Lauren 分型的应用价值

目的：探讨 CT 能谱成像(GSI)定量评估胃癌 Lauren 分型的价值。方法对52例胃镜确诊胃癌的患者于术前行 CT GSI 增强扫描,通过 GSI Viewer 分析软件获得单能量图、碘基图,测得病灶的 CT 值、碘浓度,计算标准化碘浓度比,并与术后病理对照,采用单因素方差分析多重比较进行统计学分析。结果肠型、混合型、弥漫型胃癌的动脉期碘浓度、标化碘浓度比、40~70 keV、40~140 keV、70~140 keV 各能量区间能谱曲线斜率分别为12.86±6.80(100μg/mL)、0.13±0.06、2.50±1.26、0.99±0.51、0.34±0.20,18.54±6.49(100μg/mL)、0.19±0.07、3.56±1.24、1.42±0.50、0.50±0.18和24.52±9.68(100μg/mL)、0.24±0.09、4.73±1.76、1.90±0.73、0.68±0.29。其中,肠型胃癌的各组数值均明显低于弥漫型胃癌,2组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);肠型-混合型、混合型-弥漫型两两比较,除肠型-混合型碘浓度比 P 值为0.037,其余各指标组间差异均无显著性(P >0.05)。结论GSI 能谱曲线斜率、碘浓度、标准化碘浓度比有助于术前评估胃癌的 Lauren 分型。