Laminoplasty versus conservative treatment for acute cervical spinal cord injury caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament after minor trauma

Background contextNo reports to date have accurately evaluated the management for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) after minor trauma.PurposeTo assess whether outcomes of laminoplasty is better than conservative treatment.Study design/settingA retrospective study.Patient sampleThirty-one patients underwent surgery (L group) and 29 patients underwent conservative treatment (C group).Outcome measuresDisability, muscle strength, sensation, and general health status.MethodsPatients were managed according to routine clinical practice and the results between groups were compared. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed at admission, discharge, 6 months and at the final visit. Causes for trauma, duration of hospital stay, and complication were also evaluated.ResultsCauses for trauma included falling, traffic accidents and sports. Mixed and segmental types were the most frequent cause of OPLL resulting into SCI. Duration of hospital stay and complications were less in the L group. Motor and sensory scores increased in the L group at discharge (p<.05) and at 6 months (p<.05), and maintained thereafter (p>.05); scores improved significantly in the C group at 6 months (p<.05), with a slight deterioration with time (p>.05); scores in the L group were higher than in the C group at each time point after surgery (p<.05). Bodily pain and mental health in SF-36 improved at discharge in the L group (p<.05); all scores improved at 6 months in both the groups (p<.05), with better improvements in the L group (p<.05). The canal diameter increased and occupation ratio decreased in the L group (p<.05), and maintained thereafter (p<.05); a slight increase of occupation ratio was observed in the C group (p>.05). Lordotic angle and range of motion were maintained in both the groups, with no significance between groups (p>.05). High-signal intensity decreased at 6 months (p<.05) in the L group; no significant change was found in the C group during the follow-up (p>.05); Significant difference was detected between the groups at 6 months and at the final visit (p<.05).ConclusionsMost of the OPLL patients displayed as incomplete SCI after minor trauma. Although spontaneous improvement of SCI without surgery is often observed, laminoplasty has more satisfactory outcomes, prevents late compression of cord, and reduces perioperative complications, although with no significant benefit in cervical alignment and range of motion.     

Midline-Splitting Open Door Laminoplasty Using Hydroxyapatite Spacers : Comparison between Two Different Shaped Spacers

Objective

Although hydroxyapatite (HA) spacer has been used for laminoplasty, there have been no reports on factors associated with fusion and on the effects of HA shape.

Methods

During January 2004 and January 2010, 45 patients with compressive cervical myelopathy underwent midline-splitting open door laminoplasty with winged (33 cases) and wingless (12 cases) HAs by a single surgeon. Minimal and mean follow up times were 12 and 28.1 months, respectively. Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was used for clinical outcome measurement. Cervical X-rays were taken preoperatively, immediately post-operatively, and after 3, 6, and 12 months and computed tomography scans were performed preoperatively, immediately post-operatively and after 12 months. Cervical lordosis, canal dimension, fusion between lamina and HA, and affecting factors of fusion were analyzed.

Results

All surgeries were performed on 142 levels, 99 in the winged and 43 in the wingless HA groups. JOA scores of the winged group changed from 10.4±2.94 to 13.3±2.35 and scores of the wingless group changed from 10.8±2.87 to 13.8±3.05. There was no significant difference on lordotic and canal dimensional change between two groups. Post-operative 12 month fusion rate between lamina and HA was significantly lower in the winged group (18.2 vs. 48.8% p=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, male gender, and wingless type HA were significantly associated with fusion.

Conclusion

Clinical outcome was similar in patients receiving winged and wingless HA, but the wingless type was associated with a higher rate of fusion between HA and lamina at 12 months post-operatively.     

改良颈椎手术在治疗脊髓型颈椎病中的价值

目的 探讨改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术在脊髓型颈椎病伴颈椎管狭窄患者中的应用价值及安全性。方法 选取我院收治的脊髓型颈椎病伴颈椎管狭窄患者35例,采用改良颈椎后路椎管扩大成形术治疗,比较术前和术后的JOA评分以评估临床疗效。结果 术后JOA评分较术前明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术在治疗脊髓型颈椎病伴颈椎管狭窄方面疗效确切,安全性高。     

“锚定法”椎板固定应用于颈椎椎板成形椎管扩大术的临床研究

目的评价＂锚定法＂椎板固定应用于颈椎椎板成形椎管扩大术的临床疗效。方法应用＂锚定法＂椎板固定于18例患者的颈椎椎板成形椎管扩大术。结果 18例均进行随访,时间12个月～38个月,平均23个月。术前JOA评分7.9分,40分法评分14.8分,术后平均JOA评分15.2分,40分法评分34.7分,复查未见螺钉松动和关门现象,2例轻度颈痛、僵硬和活动受限。结论 ＂锚定法＂椎板固定应用于颈椎椎板成形椎管扩大术较传统手术更好的维持手术效果,保持椎板在开门状态,且手术操作不明显增加手术难度,安全方便,有利于减少术后颈部僵硬疼痛现象。     

单开门椎管成形术联合微型钛板固定治疗连续型后纵韧带骨化症

目的探讨单开门椎管成形术联合微型钛板固定治疗连续型后纵韧带骨化症的疗效。方法选择本院2005年1月～2010年1月收治的15例OPLL患者,采用后路单开门椎管成形术联合微型钛板固定治疗,所有患者随访24个月,分析JOA评分、颈椎曲度、颈椎矢状径术前术后的改善情况。结果所有患者均成功随访,术后患者JOA平均改善率为（61.3±19.2）%,影像学检查显示无＂再关门＂现象的发生。JOA评分、颈椎矢状径均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论单开门椎管成形术联合微型钛板固定治疗连续型OPLL疗效确切,能维持颈椎的稳定性,保持椎管的扩张状态,是一种治疗连续型OPLL的有效方法。     

“单开门”颈椎管扩大椎板成形术的手术疗效及相关因素分析

目的观察脊髓性颈椎病颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术的手术疗效,探讨影响其疗效的相关因素。方法对68例因脊髓型颈椎病行颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术患者进行回顾性研究,记录术后轴性症状发生率、JOA(17分法)评分以及在X线片测量的C2与C7椎体后壁切线夹角α。结果 (1)病程>6个月与<6个月的患者,术后优良率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄<50岁与>50岁的患者,其术后优良率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)手术前及随访时颈椎JOA评分分别为(9.6±1.3)分、(14.7±1.9)分,JOA改善率为68.9%。(3)优良组及可差组患者的术前JOA评分分别为(10.4±1.6)分、(7.2±2.1)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),说明术前JOA评分高的患者,术后JOA改善率高。(4)术后无颈部轴性症状组患者,术前及术后随访时颈椎曲度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后有颈部轴性症状组患者,术前及术后随访时颈椎曲度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脊髓型颈椎病一经确诊,应早期施行手术治疗,而患者病情的轻重、年龄、颈椎曲度、手术技巧及术后有无轴性症状等都对手术疗效有明显影响。     

微型钛板与锚定法颈椎单开门治疗颈椎病效果的对比研究

目的　比较颈椎单开门应用两种固定技术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的的临床及影像学结果。 方法　55例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,均进行颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术,根据内固定技术分为微型钛板固定技术(A组) 26例和锚定法固定技术（B组）29例。通过比较JOA评分及改善率评价临床疗效,而影像学结果则通过比较X线颈椎曲度变化值和MRI椎管与脊髓最狭窄处面积进行评估。 结果　其中50例获得随访6～42个月,平均(27.1±9.9)个月。两组患者随访时JOA评分及改善率比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而在颈椎曲度变化值、椎管与脊髓最狭窄处面积变化值等方面,A组均优于B 组（P<0.05）。 结论　两种颈椎单开门内固定技术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病均可获得良好的神经功能改善;但微型钛板固定技术获得更好的影像学结果。     

羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷应用于MSCS后路手术的护理配合效果

目的探讨62例采用羟基磷灰石陶瓷应用于MSCS后路手术患者的手术护理配合方法及效果。方法实施颈椎后路棘突纵切双开门椎管扩大成形术治疗MSCS 62例,均采用羟基磷灰石人工骨。根据手术步骤制定合理的护理措施,术前、术中进行有效护理配合,62例患者术后随访3个月。结果62例采用羟基磷灰石人工骨组术中出血量130～400ml．,平均210ml。除3例有羟基磷灰石碎裂外,未发生材料宿主反应及其他严重并发症。结论羟基磷灰石人工骨用于治疗MSCS后路手术的效果好,并发症少;手术用时及出血量少;术中护理配合简便,容易掌握操作要点。     

颈椎板成形术的适应证与并发症的研究进展

颈椎椎板切除术后可能引起脊柱不稳、后凸畸形、轴性疼痛等问题,颈椎椎板成形术作为一种有效的替代方案,逐渐应用于临床,其疗效确切,已经成为治疗多节段颈椎病和后纵韧带骨化等疾病的常规术式。但随着椎板成形术在临床应用的深入,也有出现类似于椎板切除术后的并发症的相关报道,椎板成形术的适应证也出现争议。该文就目前国内外颈椎板成形术的适应证和并发症研究进展作一综述。     

责任节段颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的 对比广泛式与责任节段颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术（EOLP）治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病（MCSM）的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析自2013年3月至2015年5月接受EOLP治疗的41例MCSM的临床资料。采用广泛式EOLP治疗24例（广泛式组）,采用责任节段EOLP治疗17例（责任节段组）。结果 广泛式组术后随访（17.63±4.12）个月,责任节段组术后随访（18.15±3.92）个月。责任节段组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后住院时间均明显减少（P<0.05）。术后12个月,广泛式组日本骨科协会（JOA）评分[（14.78±1.25）分]与责任节段组[（14.57±1.31）分]无统计学差异（P>0.05）;末次随访,广泛式组JOA评分[（15.01±1.34）分]与责任节段组组[（14.76±1.28）分]无统计学差异（P>0.05）。末次随访,责任节段组明显轴性症状比例（17.65%,3/17）明显低于广泛式组（50.00%,12/24;P<0.05）。结论 广泛式与责任节段EOLP治疗MCSM疗效均肯定,但后者具有损伤小、恢复快、可明显降低术后颈椎轴性症状等优势。