颈椎后路椎板切除侧块螺钉植骨内固定治疗颈椎管狭窄症

目的探讨颈椎后路减压椎板切除侧块螺钉植骨内固定在治疗颈椎管狭窄症的效果。方法 36例颈椎管狭窄症的患者行后路椎板切除侧块螺钉固定植骨术。所有患者作手术前后的JOA评分和X线、MRI检查,观察颈脊髓受压情况和内固定位置。结果随访6~18个月。临床评分:手术前平均JOA评分(11.3±1.05)分,手术后随访期平均(15.7±1.11)分;术后MRI比较术前显示脊髓后移,脊髓受压解除明确。结论颈椎后路椎板切除侧块螺钉植骨内固定治疗颈椎管狭窄症临床疗效满意。     

Morphometric Study of the Nerve Roots Around the Lateral Mass for Posterior Foraminotomy

Objective

Morphometric data on dorsal cervical anatomy were examined in an effort to protect the nerve root near the lateral mass during posterior foraminotomy.

Methods

Using 25 adult formalin-fixed cadaveric cervical spines, measurements were taken at the lateral mass from C3 to C7 via a total laminectomy and a medial one-half facetectomy. The morphometric relationship between the nerve roots and structures of the lateral mass was investigated. Results from both genders were compared.

Results

Following the total laminectomy, from C3 to C7, the mean of the vertical distance from the medial point of the facet (MPF) of the lateral mass to the axilla of the root origin was 3.2-4.7 mm. The whole length of the exposed root had a mean of 4.2-5.8 mm. Following a medial one-half facetectomy, from C3 to C7, the mean of the vertical distance to the axilla of the root origin was 2.1-3.4 mm, based on the MPF. Mean vertical distances from the MPF to the medial point of the root that crossed the inferior margin of the intervertebral disc were 1.2-2.7 mm. The mean distance of the exposed root was 8.2-9.0 mm, and the mean angle between the dura and the nerve root was significantly different between males and females, at 53.4-68.4°.

Conclusion

These data will aid in reducing root injuries during posterior cervical foraminotomy.     

川芎嗪与自体骨膜联合运用预防椎板切除术后硬膜外粘连的实验研究

目的 观察椎板切除术后用川芎嗪的同时在椎板缺损处植入自体骨膜预防硬膜外粘连的效果.方法 48只SD大鼠随机分成4组(n=12),均制作L2椎板损伤模型,A组硬膜外涂布生理盐水,B组硬膜外涂布川芎嗪,C组硬膜外覆盖自体骨膜,D组硬膜外涂布川芎嗪的同时加自体骨膜覆盖.术后12周对4组椎板切除部位进行大体观察,对粘连度、胶原含量、组织学评分及骨转化生长因子定量分析进行比较.结果 B、C、D组的改良RydellBalazs粘连韧度评分、胶原含量、改良Nussvuaum组织学评分均优于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),D组优于B、C组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);TGF-β灰度值C组与D组高于A组与B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 联合运用川芎嗪和自体骨膜能有效预防硬膜外瘢痕粘连和形成,比单独应用川芎嗪和(或)自体骨膜预防效果好.     

颈椎椎板切除术后稳定性研究

目的探讨颈椎椎板切除术对颈椎稳定性的影响及相关因素。方法回顾性分析1997年5月至2009年9月收治的62例颈椎椎管内肿瘤患者的资料。对手术前后的临床及医学影像进行复习,通过手术后随访评价患者脊柱生物力学的变化。结果62例按椎板切除数分为：A组（〈3个）及B组（≥3个）;按病变部位分为：C组（髓内）及D组（髓外）。患者近期及远期临床效果均满意。随访3个月至12年,颈椎不稳定发生率A组3.1%,B组16.7%,B组高于A组（P〈0.05）;C组36.4%,D组4.3%,C组高于D组（P〈0.05）。颈椎曲度恶化发生率A组为3.1%,B组为23.3%,B组高于A组（P〈0.05）;C组45.5%,D组6.4%,C组高于D组（P〈0.05）。结论椎板切除术式可导致颈椎生物力学的变化。椎板切除数≥3个,髓内占位或同时累及颈2及颈7时应注意术后不稳定或畸形的发生。     

选择性神经根管减压和全椎板切除后椎弓根钉内固定修复老年腰椎管狭窄症：适应证及预后

BACKGROUND: Due to complicated and special lumbar spinal stenosis disease and different degrees of lumbar degeneration in the elderly, it requires very careful choice of repair methods and repair technology.     

骶管重建在症状性骶管囊肿后路手术中的应用

目的 探讨骶管重建在症状性骶管囊肿后路手术中的应用效果。方法 2010~2015年采用骶骨开窗后路手术治疗症状性骶管囊肿21例,其中12例术中行骶管重建（A组）,9例未行骶管重建（B组）。结果 A组术后脑脊液漏发生率（0）明显低于B组（33.3%,3/9;P<0.05）。术后随访6个月,术后a组11例症状明显缓解,1例稍缓解;b组8例明显缓解,1例稍缓解;均未发生囊肿复发。>结论 症状性骶管囊肿后路手术可有效缓解患者症状,术中进行骶管重建可减少术后脑脊液漏发生几率。     

聚乳酸薄板预防椎板切除术后硬脊膜外纤维瘢痕粘连的实验研究

以60只家兔全椎板（L3，L5）切除为实验模型，研究了自制的聚乳酸薄板、明胶海绵在预防硬膜外纤维瘢痕粘连中的作用。通过大体观察及组织学检查，结果显示，聚乳酸薄板生物相容性好，能降解，可吸收，局部存留时间长，能有效地防止椎板切除后硬膜外纤维瘢痕粘连；明胶海绵早期防止纤维瘢痕粘连有一定作用，晚期作用不明显。     

Atypical osteochondroma of the lumbar spine associated with suprasellar pineal germinoma: A case report

BACKGROUNDOsteochondromas are the most common benign bone tumor, accounting for 36% of benign bone tumors. Often found within the appendicular skeleton, osteochondromas of the spine are rare, comprising 4% to 7% of primary benign spinal tumors. CASE SUMMARYWe report a case of a solitary lumbar osteochondroma in an 18-year-old male with a history of a suprasellar pineal germinoma treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation. He underwent mass excision and partial laminectomy with the ultrasonic bone scalpel (Misonix, Farmingdale, NY, United States) at the L5 Level without the use of adjuvants. The patient returned to work and full activities without back pain at 3 mo postoperatively. CONCLUSIONOsteochondromas are common tumors of the appendicular skeleton but rarely occur within the spine. This case discussion supplements current osteochondroma literature by describing an unusual presentation of this tumor.     

Lumbar spinal stenosis in a young individual as a result of ligamantum flavum ossification: A case report

INTRODUCTIONSymtomatic lumbar ligamantum flavum calcification is quite rare in the young age group.PRESENTATION OF CASEThe authors report a case of young adult with diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis, presenting with leg pain and neurological deficits. Computerized tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies revealed ossification of the ligamantum flavum as the causative factor of the disease and the patient recovered completely after the decompressive operation.DISCUSSIONIt is emphasized that attention should be given to this rare etiological factor of lumbar spinal stenosis.CONCLUSIONComplete relief can be achieved with early and adequate surgery.